ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ (ГЕНЫ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ ВРОЖДЕННОГО ИММУНИТЕТА – TLRs) В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗА И ЕГО ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ

Резюме. Имеется генетически обусловленная предрасположенность к развитию атеросклероза и его осложнений (развитие инфаркта миокарда [ИМ], прогрессирующая стенокардия, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения [ОНМК] по ишемическому типу], в которой одно из приоритетных мест отводится генам рецепторов врожденного иммунитета – TLRs (Toll-like рецепторы). Определение аллельных вариантов генов рецепторов врожденного иммунитета (TLRs) является одним из перспективных направлений в изучении генетических факторов риска развития воспаления в сосудистой стенке, а также формирования и стабильности атеросклеротической бляшки (АСБ). В патогенез атеросклероза вовлечено огромное количество клеток иммунной системы, биологически активных веществ, оказывающих различные влияния на сосудистую стенку и участвующих в реализации универсальной реакции воспаления. Развитие локальной воспалительной реакции, лежащее в основе дестабилизации бляшек и дисфункции эндотелия, связано с активацией TLRs и индукцией синтеза провоспалительных цитокинов. В обзоре проведен анализ данных литературы, раскрывающих роль вариабельности аллельных вариантов генов (TLRs) в развитии и прогрессировании атеросклероза и его осложнений. Поиск генетических маркеров риска развития атеросклероза является эффективным методом персонализированной медицины, способствующей составлению прогноза течения заболевания и разработки профилактических мероприятий с целью предупреждения прогрессирования данной патологии. 

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