HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS AND CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGIC INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-HIA-2168
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently the most common cause of dementia. A significant role in the pathogenesis of AD belongs to the activation of the mechanisms of neuroinflammation. There is a hypothesis that chronic infections may play a role in the maintenance of the inflammatory response in AD. The aim of this work was to study the detection rate and DNA level of herpesviruses, as well as their possible relationship with the level of the key cytokines and with clinical parameters of AD in patients with early and late onset. 30 patients with AD and 33 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The quantitative determination of DNA of CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 was carried out by PCR. The level of cytokines and soluble IL-1β antagonist (IL-1ra) in the blood was determined by ELISA. Herpesvirus infection with increased viral load was determined if at least one of the criteria was present: 1) DNA level of EBV and/or HHV-6 > 10,000 copies/ml in saliva; 2) presence of DNA of at least one of the EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 viruses in the blood. In the subgroup of patients with early onset and increased viral load, there was a higher increase in the levels of a number of cytokines: proinflammatory IL-8 and IL-12, a Th2-cytokine IL-4, a cytokine of the adaptive immune response IL-2. However, the level of the anti-inflammatory protein IL-1ra was lower than in the controls. These changes may indicate a dysregulation of the antiviral response, with a predominance of activation of systemic inflammation and Th2-mediated reactions. Also, in early onset AD the increased viral load was associated with lower scores on Boston naming test. The results indicate that in studies of AD mechanisms and in the search for prognostic markers of the disease, it is important to take into account the heterogeneity of AD in terms of genetic predisposition factors, risk factors, immune parameters and clinical data. Such approach is necessary for the subsequent development of personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of AD.
About the Authors
I. K. MalashenkovaRussian Federation
PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology, 123182, Moscow, Acad. Kurchatov sq., 1;
Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow
D. P. Ogurtsov
Russian Federation
PhD (Medicine), Research Associate at Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology, 123182, Moscow, Acad. Kurchatov sq., 1;
Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow
S. A. Krynskiy
Russian Federation
PhD (Medicine), Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology,
Moscow
N. A. Khailov
Russian Federation
PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Resource Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Moscow
N. D. Selezneva
Russian Federation
PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Leading Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,
Moscow
Ya. B. Fedorova
Russian Federation
PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,
Moscow
E. V. Ponomareva
Russian Federation
PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,
Moscow
I. V. Kolykhalov
Russian Federation
PhD, MD (Medicine), Chief Research Associate, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,
Moscow
S. I. Gavrilova
Russian Federation
PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry,
Moscow
N. A. Didkovsky
Russian Federation
PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology,
123182, Moscow, Acad. Kurchatov sq., 1
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Review
For citations:
Malashenkova I.K., Ogurtsov D.P., Krynskiy S.A., Khailov N.A., Selezneva N.D., Fedorova Ya.B., Ponomareva E.V., Kolykhalov I.V., Gavrilova S.I., Didkovsky N.A. HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS AND CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGIC INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2021;23(4):805-812. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-HIA-2168