INFLUENCE OF DEXAMETHASONE-MODIFIED DENDRITIC CELLS GENERATED WITH IFNα UPON AUTOLOGOUS T LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTIONS IN THE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in maintaining the peripheral tolerance of lymphocytes to autoantigens. Recovery of immunological tolerance in autoimmune diseases, particularly, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a new therapeutic strategy. The aim of this work was to study the effect of dexamethasone-modified DCs generated from monocytes of RA patients in the presence of IFNα (DCs_Dex), upon autologous T lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte culture (auto-MLC), and to investigate possible mechanisms of the DCs_dex tolerogenic effect upon autoreactive T cells. We have shown, that DCs_Dex from RA patients induce T cell hyporeactivity in auto-MLC. Hyporeactivity of T cells is associated with cell cycle blockage in CD4⁺T lymphocytes and decreased IFNγ, IL-17, IL-4 and IL-13 production, which indicates the induction of CD4⁺T cell anergy. In this case, inhibition of Th1/Th17 has been more pronounced than the suppression of Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-13. Along with T cell anergy, the decrease of proliferative response in auto-MLC is associated with increased CD3⁺T lymphocyte apoptosis. In addition, the DCs_Dex of RA patients suppresses the proliferation of autologous T cells stimulated by unmodified DCs. This effect is associated with enhancement of IL-10-producing CD4⁺T cells in the auto-MLC, thus being indicative for an ability of DCs_Dex to induce conversion of CD4⁺T lymphocytes into regulatory T cells (Tr1). The data obtained characterize a new type of tolerogenic DCs, generated from blood monocytes of RA patients in the presence of IFNα and modified by dexamethasone, thus revealing a mechanism for tolerogenic effect of DCs_Dex upon T cells that recognize self-antigens in auto-MLC.

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