Preview

Medical Immunology (Russia)

Advanced search

NEW PLAYERS IN ALTERED TOLERANCE TO THYROID GLAND ANTIGENS: AN IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS CONCEPT OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE (REVIEW)

https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2016-3-209-220

Abstract

Precise mechanisms of tolerance loss to thyroid auto-antigens are still largely unknown, thus preventing further elucidation of key pathogenetic stages in autoimmune diseases affecting thyroid gland, and, therefore, to identify target pathways for treatment of these disorders. Detailed studies on the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in disturbed tolerance to autoantigens specific for thyroid gland in Graves’ disease and autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have revealed and provided a number of theoretical foundations for arrangement of clinical immunological monitoring and forecasting of these diseases in a long-term prospective.

About the Authors

V. V. Zdor
Pacific Ocean State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Russian Federation

PhD (Medicine), Research Associate, Central Research Laboratory 690002, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Ostryakov Ave, 4. Phone: 7 (914) 791-96-25



E. V. Markelova
Pacific Ocean State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Russian Federation

PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Department of Normal and Pathological Human Physiology



B. I. Geltser
Pacific Ocean State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Department of Fundamental and Clinical Medicine School of Biomedical Far Eastern Federal University


References

1. Болезнь Грейвса и эндокринная офтальмопатия / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, Г.А. Мельниченко. М.: МАИ-ПРИНТ, 2012. 143 с. [The Graves’ disease and endocrine ophthalmopathy. Edited by I.I. Dedov, G.A. Melnichenko]. Мoscow: MAI-PRINT, 2012. 143 р.

2. Болезни щитовидной железы: пер. с англ. / Под ред. Л.И. Браверманна. М.: Медицина, 2000. 432 с. [Diseases of the Thyroid. Edited by L.I. Braverman]. Мoscow: Medicine, 2000. 432 р.

3. Годовалов А.П., Шилов Ю.И. Влияние адренергических соединений на иммунный ответ при экспериментальном тиреотоксикозе // Вестник Уральской медицинской академической науки, 2009. № 2/1 (24). С. 90-91. [Godovalov A.P., Shilov Yu.I. Effect of adrenergic compounds on the immune response in experimental thyrotoxicosis. Vestnik Ural`skoy meditsinskoy akademicheskoy nauki = Bulletin of the Ural Medical Academic Science, 2009, no. 2/1 (24), рр. 90-91. (In Russ.)]

4. Здор В.В., Тихонов Я.Н. Иммунные и гистологические изменения в железах внутренней секреции при экспериментальном тиреотоксикозе и гипотиреозе // Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология, 2014. Т. 10, № 1. C. 55-60. [Zdor V.V., Tikhonov Y.N. Immune and histological changes in the glands of internal secretion in experimental hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Klinicheskaya i eksperimental`naya tireoidologiya = Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology, 2014, Vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 55-60. (In Russ.)]

5. Кандрор В.И. Механизм развития болезни Грейвса и действия тиреоидных гормонов // Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология, 2008. Т. 4, № 1. С. 26-34. [Kandror V.I. The mechanism of development of Graves’ disease and the action of thyroid hormones. Klinicheskaya i eksperimental`naya tireoidologiya = Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology, 2008, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 26-34. (In Russ.)]

6. Маркелова Е.В., Лазанович В.В. Аутоантитела и цитокиновый профиль у пациентов с болезнью Грейвса–Базедова и их динамика на фоне терапии тионамидами // Медицинская иммунология, 2008. Т. 10, № 2-3. С. 245-250. [Markelova E.V., Lazanovich V.V. Autoantibodies and cytokine profile in patients with Graves–Basedow disease and their dynamics during thionamide therapy. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2008, Vol. 10, no. 2-3, pp. 245-250. (In Russ.)] http:// http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2008-2-3-245-250

7. Мадиярова М.Ш., Моргунова Т.Б., Фадеев В.В. Лечение первичного гипотиреоза: нерешенные вопросы // Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология, 2015. Т. 11, № 1. C. 22-34. [Madiyarova M.Sh., Morgunov T.B., Fadeev V.V. Treatment of primary hypothyroidism: unresolved issues. Klinicheskaya i eksperimental`naya tireoidologiya = Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology, 2015, Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 22-34. (In Russ.)]

8. Тотолян А.А., Фрейдлин И.С. Клетки иммунной системы. СПб.: Наука, 2000. 231 с. [Totolian A.A, Freidlin I.S. Cells of the immune system]. St. Petersburg: Science, 2000. 231 p.

9. Ярилин А.А. Иммунология. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010. 752 с. [Yarilin A.A. Immunology]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2010. 752 p.

10. Akasu H., Kawanami O. Morphological characteristics of human mast cells in normal and pathological thyroid glands. Functional aspect of human mast cells in comparison with rat mast cells. Nihon Ika Daigaku Zasshi, 1994, Vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 129-136.

11. Antonio C. Bianco, Grant Anderson, Douglas Forrest. American Thyroid Association guide to investigating thyroid hormone economy and action in rodent and cell models / Report of the American Thyroid Association task force on approaches and strategies to investigate thyroid hormone economy and action. Thyroid, 2014, Vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 88-168.

12. Baccari G.C., Monteforte R., Pinelli C., Santillo A., Polese G., Rastogi R.K. Thyroid status can influence brain mast cell population. Ann. N. Y. Acad.Sci., 2009, Vol. 1163, pp. 369-371.

13. Banovac K., De Forteza R. The effect of mast cell chymase on extracellular matrix: studies in autoimmune thyroiditis and in cultured thyroid cells. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1992, Vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 141-149.

14. Banovac K., Ghandur-Mnaymneh L., Leone J., Neylan D., Rabinovitch A. Intrathyroidal mast cells express major histocompatibility complex class-II antigens. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 1989, Vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 43-46.

15. Borriello F., Granata F., Varricchi G., Genovese A., Triggiani M., Marone G. Immunopharmacological modulation of mast cells. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2014, Vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 45-57.

16. Campi I., Tosi D., Rossi S., Vannucchi G., Covelli D., Colombo F., Trombetta E., Porretti L., Vicentini L., Cantoni G., Currò N., Beck-Peccoz P., Bulfamante G., Salvi M. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and BAFF receptor expression in autoimmune and non autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid, 2015, Vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1043-1049.

17. Carayanniotis G. Molecular parameters linking thyroglobulin iodination with autoimmune thyroiditis. Hormones (Athens), 2011, Vol. 10, pp. 27-35.

18. Csaba G. Hormones in the immune system and their possible role. A critical review. Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung, 2014, Vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 241-260.

19. Csaba G., Pállinger E. Thyrotropic hormone (TSH) regulation of triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentration in immune cells. Inflamm. Res., 2009, Vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 151-154.

20. Davies T.F. Tomer Y. The genetic susceptibility to Graves’ Disease. Bailliere’s Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1997, Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 431-450.

21. Davies T.F., Roti E., Braverman L.E., DeGroot L.J. Controversy-Thyroid stimulating antibodies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1998, Vol. 83, pp. 3777-3785.

22. Dechairo B.M., Zabaneh D., Collins J., Brand O., Dawson GJ., Green AP., Mackay I., Franklyn J.A., Connell J.M., Wass J.A., Wiersinga W.M., Hegedus L., Brix T., Robinson B.G., Hunt P.J., Weetman A.P., Carey A.H., Gough S.C. Association of the TSHR gene with Graves’ disease: the first disease specific locus. Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 2005, Vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1223-1230.

23. De Groot LJ. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and in view of current evidence, should be treated with appropriate replacement therapies. Crit. Care Clin., 2006, Vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 57-86, vi.

24. Detoraki A., Staiano RI, Granata F. Vascular endothelial growth factors synthesized by human lung mast cells exert angiogenic effects. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2009, Vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 1142-1149, e1-5.

25. Ernster L., Ikkos D., Luft R. Enzymic activities of human skeletal muscle mitochondria: a tool in clinical metabolic research. Nature (Lond.), 1959, Vol. 184, pp. 1851-1854.

26. Forman B., Samuels H. Interactions among a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors: the regulatory zipper model. Mol. Endocrinol., 1990, Vol. 4, pp. 1293-1301.

27. Gürdal C., Genç I., Saraç O., Gönül I., Takmaz T., Can I. Topical cyclosporine in thyroid orbitopathy-related dry eye: clinical findings, conjunctival epithelial apoptosis, and MMP-9 expression. Curr. Eye Res., 2010, Vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 771-777.

28. Glass C., Holloway J. Regulation of gene expression by the thyroid hormone receptor. Bichim. Biophys. Acta, 1990, Vol. 1032, pp.157-176.

29. Han R., Smith T.J. Induction by IL-1 beta of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in human orbital fibroblasts: modulation of gene promoter activity by IL-4 and IFN-gamma. J. Immunol., 2005, Vol. 174, no. 5, pp. 3072-3079.

30. Holthoff H.P., Goebel S., Li Z., Faßbender J., Reimann A., Zeibig S., Lohse M.J., Münch G., Ungerer M. Prolonged TSH receptor A subunit immunization of female mice leads to a long-term model of Graves’ disease, tachycardia, and cardiac hypertrophy. Endocrinology, 2015, Vol. 156, no. 4, pp. 1577-1589.

31. Jönsson F., Daëron M. Mast cells and company. Front. Immun., 2012, Vol. 3, p. 16.

32. Kamath C., Young S., Kabelis K., Sanders J., Adlan M.A., Furmaniak J., Rees Smith B., Premawardhana L.D. Thyrotropin receptor antibody characteristics in a woman with long-standing Hashimoto’s who developed Graves’ disease and pretibial myxoedema. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.), 2012, Vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 465-470.

33. Khan F.A., Al-Jameil N., Khan M.F., Al-Rashid M., Tabassum H. Thyroid dysfunction: an autoimmune aspect. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 2015, Vol. 15, no. 8 (5), pp. 6677-6681.

34. Klein J.R. Biological Impact of the TSHβ Splice Variant in Health and Disease. Front. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 7, no. 5, p. 155.

35. Koenig R.J. Modeling the nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes., 2008, Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 466-469.

36. Lee H.J., Li C.W., Hammerstad S.S., Stefan M., Tomer Y. Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: A comprehensive review. J. Autoimmun., 2015, pii: S0896-8411(15), pp. 30012-30013.

37. Lewiński A., Brona A., Lewandowski K., Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E., Milewicz A. In contrast to matrix metalloproteinases, serum adiponectin concentrations increase after radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid Res., 2012, Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 12.

38. Lewinski A., Brona A., Lewandowski KC., Jedrzejuk D., Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A., Skowronska-Jozwiak E., Bienkiewicz M., Milewicz A. Effects of radioiodine administration on serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases, adiponectin and thrombospondin-1. Thyroid Res., 2013, Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 9.

39. McLachlan S.M., Rapoport B. Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens: changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine Rev., 2014, Vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 59-105.

40. Maly K., Schirmer M. The story of CD4+ CD28- T cells revisited: solved or still ongoing? J. Immunol. Res., 2015, Vol. 2015, p. 348746.

41. Marians R.C., Ng L., Blair H.C., Unger P., Graves P.N., Davies T.F. Defining thyrotropin-dependent and -independent steps of thyroid hormone synthesis by using thyrotropin receptor-null mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 2002, Vol. 99, no. 24, pp. 15776-15881.

42. Marique L., Senou M., Craps J., Delaigle A., Van Regemorter E., Wérion A., Van Regemorter V., Mourad M., Nyssen-Behets C., Lengelé B., Baldeschi L., Boschi A., Brichard S., Daumerie C., Many M.C. Oxidative stress and upregulation of antioxidant proteins, including adiponectin, in extraocular muscular cells, orbital adipocytes and thyrocytes in Graves’ disease associated with orbitopathy. Thyroid, 2015, Vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1033-1042.

43. Marique L., Van Regemorter V., Gérard A.C., Craps J., Senou M., Marbaix E., Rahier J., Daumerie C., Mourad M., Lengelé B., Colin I.M., Many M.C. The expression of dual oxidase, thyroid peroxidase, and caveolin-1 differs according to the type of immune response (TH1/TH2) involved in thyroid autoimmune disorders. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2014, Vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 1722-1732.

44. Myśliwiec J., Adamczyk M., Pawłowski P., Nikołajuk A., Górska M. Serum gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and VCAM-1 as a guideline in a therapeutic approach in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Endokrynol. Pol., 2007, Vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 105-109.

45. Pan D., Shin Y.H., Gopalakrishnan G., Hennessey J., De Groot L.J. Regulatory T cells in Graves’ disease. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.), 2009, Vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 587-593.

46. Pawlowski P., Reszec J., Eckstein A., Johnson K., Grzybowski A., Chyczewski L., Mysliwiec J. Markers of inflammation and fibrosis in the orbital fat/connective tissue of patients with Graves’ orbitopathy: clinical implications. Mediators of Inflammation, 2014, Vol. 2014, p. 412158.

47. Purnamasari D., Soewondo P., Djauzi S. Dendritic cells in Graves’ disease. Acta Med. Indones, 2015, Vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 61-69.

48. Rajković V., Matavulj M., Lukac T., Gledić D., Babić L., Lazetić B. Morphophysiological status of rat thyroid gland after subchronic exposure to low frequency electromagnetic field. Med. Pregl., 2001, Vol. 54, no. 3-4, pp. 119-127.

49. Rocchi R., Kimura H., Tzou S.C., Suzuki K., Rose N.R., Pinchera A., Ladenson P.W., Caturegli P. Tolllike receptor-MyD88 and Fc receptor pathways of mast cells mediate the thyroid dysfunctions observed during nonthyroidal illness. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, Vol. 104, no. 14, pp. 6019-6024.

50. Rosenbaum J.T., Choi D., Wilson D.J., Grossniklaus H.E., Harrington C.A., Dailey R.A., Ng J.D., Steele E.A., Czyz C.N., Foster J.A., Tse D., Alabiad C., Dubovy S., Parekh P., Harris G.J., Kazim M., Patel P., White V., Dolman P., Edward D.P., Alkatan H., Al Hussain H., Selva D., Yeatts P., Korn B., Kikkawa D., Stauffer P., Planck S.R. Fibrosis, gene expression and orbital inflammatory disease. British J. Ophthalmol., 2015, pii: bjophthalmol-2015-306614.

51. Tomer Y. Hepatitis C and interferon induced thyroiditis. J. Autoimmun., 2010, Vol. 34, no. 3, pp. J322-J326.

52. Volpe R. Graves’ ophthalmopathy and hyperthyroidism – one or two diseases? Dev. Ophthalmol., 1993, Vol. 25, pp. 101-111.

53. Wagner R., Apriletti J., McGrath M., West B., Baxter J., Fletterick R. A structural role for hormone in the thyroid hormone receptor. Nature, 1995, Vol. 378, no. 6558, pp. 690-697.

54. Wakelkamp I.M.M.J., Bakker O., Baldeschi L., Wiersinga W.M., Prummel M.F. TSH-R expression and cytokines profile in orbital tissue of active vs. inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients. Clinical. Endocrinology (Oxf.), 2003, Vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 280-287.

55. Wang F., Chen L., Shen Q., Liu T., Jiang L., Gu X., Chen L., Sun J., Liu C. Characterization and clinical relevance of circulating CD4+CD28- T cells in Graves’ disease. Immunol. Lett., 2015, Vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 47-51.

56. Wiersinga W.M. Thyroid autoimmunity. Endocr. Dev., 2014, Vol. 26, pp. 139-157.

57. Yaglova N.V., Yaglov V.V. Ultrastructural characteristics of molecular release of secretory products from thyroid mast cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2013, Vol. 155, no. 2, pp. 260-263.

58. Yen P.M., Chin W.W. New advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 1994, Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 65-72.

59. Yen P.M., Brubaker J.H., Apriletti J.W., Baxter J.D., Chin W. Roles of 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine and DNAbinding on thyroid hormone receptor complex formation. J. Endocrinology, 1994, Vol. 134, no. 3, pp. 1075-1081.

60. Yoon J.S., Chae M.K., Jang S.Y., Lee S.Y., Lee E.J. Antifibrotic effects of quercetin in primary orbital fibroblasts and orbital fat tissue cultures of Graves’ orbitopathy. Investigate Ophthalmol. Visual Science, 2012, Vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 5921-5929.


Review

For citations:


Zdor V.V., Markelova E.V., Geltser B.I. NEW PLAYERS IN ALTERED TOLERANCE TO THYROID GLAND ANTIGENS: AN IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS CONCEPT OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE (REVIEW). Medical Immunology (Russia). 2016;18(3):209-220. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2016-3-209-220

Views: 940


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 1563-0625 (Print)
ISSN 2313-741X (Online)