INFLUENCE OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS IN COWS ON FORMATION OF COLOSTRAL IMMUNITY IN CALVES
https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-IOS-2274
Abstract
The health of the newborn depends entirely on the state of the mother’s body throughout the pregnancy. Ensuring optimal conditions for keeping pregnant animals is based, first of all, on adequate feeding and ensuring the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the environment. The cow’s body undergoes a great load during the transition period, which begins 3 weeks before calving and lasts for six weeks. When the technology of feeding and housing is violated, during this period, metabolic disorders often occur in cows, which are manifested by increased production of ketones. It is known that the development of immunity in the early postnatal period in a calf largely depends on the timely feeding of colostrum. Maternal immunoglobulins from colostrum enter the systemic circulation of the newborn in the small intestine through the tubular system of epithelial cells by pinocytosis.
The aim of the study is to study the effect of subclinical ketosis in mothers cows on the formation of colostral immunity in calves born from them.
For the study, pregnant cows 3-6 years old were selected 3-7 days before delivery. Urine and blood samples were taken from the cows. In order to identify subclinical ketosis in cows, urine was tested for ketones. According to the results of the study, two groups of 10 animals were formed – in the first group (experimental) the level of ketone bodies in the urine ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 mmol/l, in the second group (control) ketones were not found in the urine. Immediately after calving, portions of colostrum were taken from the cows, and blood was taken from newborn calves a day after the first colostrum was fed. The content of immunoglobulins was studied in skim colostrum and in the blood serum of newborn calves. In the blood serum of day-old calves, the content of total protein was also determined by the biuret method, albumin – by the photometric method with bromcresol green.
According to the results of the study, a decrease in the classes of immunoglobulins G, M and A was found in the blood serum of cows before calving by 19.1-23.5%, in colostrum – by 23.7-34.4%, and in the blood serum of day old calves – by 21.7-27.6%. The decrease in IgM concentration was determined to the greatest extent. Subclinical ketosis of mothers had practically no effect on the content of albumin in the blood of calves.
About the Authors
S. V. Vasilieva
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD (Veterinary medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology,
196084, St. Petersburg, Chernigovskaya str., 5
R. M. Vasiliev
St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD (Veterinary medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Department of Clinical Diagnostics,
196084, St. Petersburg, Chernigovskaya str., 5
References
1. Bakaeva L.N., Karamaeva A.S., Karamaev S.V. Development of immune status in newborn calves of dairy and combined breeds. Dairy and Beef Cattle Breeding, 2019, no. 1, pp. 32-36. (In Russ.)
2. Calderon D.F., Cook N.B. The effect of lameness on the resting behavior and metabolic status of dairy cattle during the transition period in a freestall-housed dairy herd. J. Dairy Sci., 2011, Vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2883-2894.
3. Ganz S., Bülte M., Gajewski Z., Wehrend A. Inhaltsstoffe des bovinen Kolostrums – eine Übersicht [Substances in the bovine colostrum – a survey]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G. Grosstiere Nutztiere, 2018, Vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 178-189.
4. Gonzalez L.A., Tolkamp B.J., Coffey M.P., Ferret A., Kyriazakis I. Changes in feeding behavior as possible indicators for the automatic monitoring of health disorders in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 2008, Vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 1017-1028.
5. Green L.E., Hedges V.J., Schukken Y.H., Blowey R.W., Packington A.J. The impact of clinical lameness on the milk yield of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 2002, Vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 2250-2256.
6. Hampe M., Wehrend A. Bestimmung der Immunglobulin-G-Versorgung beim neugeborenen Kalb [Determination of the immunoglobulin G supply in the newborn calf]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G. Grosstiere Nutztiere, 2019, Vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 97-109.
7. Herdt T.H. Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance. Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 2000, Vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 215-230.
8. Kostyna M.A. Rapid method for the determination of immunoglobulins in blood serum and colostrum with zinc-sulfate solution and its use for assessing the resistance of newborn calves. Collection of scientific papers All-Union Research Institute of Non-communicable Animal Diseases “Problems of increasing animal resistance”. Voronezh, 1983, pp. 71-76. (In Russ.)
9. Mahrt A., Burfeind O., Heuwieser W. Evaluation of hyperketonemia risk period and screening protocols for early-lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 2015, Vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 3110-3119.
10. Ovcharenko E.V., Ivanov A.A., Lyublinskii S.L. Biological properties of colostrum and its use in animal production and medicine. II. Technological and practical aspects (a review). Problems of the Biology of Productive Animals, 2012, no. 3, pp. 5-21. (In Russ.)
11. Senger. Ph. L. Pathways to pregnancy and parturition. 3rd Edition. Redmond, OR: Current Conceptions, 2012. 390 р.
12. Skopichev V.G, Maksimyuk N.N. Physiological and biochemical bases of animal resistance: textbook. St. Petersburg: Lan, 2009. 352 p. (In Russ.)
13. Vanholder T., Papen J., Bemers R., Vertenten G., Berge A.C. Risk factors for subclinical and clinical ketosis and association with production parameters in dairy cows in the Netherlands. J. Dairy Sci., 2015, Vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 880-888.
14. Vasilieva S.V., Konopatov Yu.V. Clinical biochemistry of cattle: a textbook for. 3rd ed. St. Petersburg: Lan, 2021. 188 p. . (In Russ.)
15. Veenhuizen J.J., Drackley J.K., Richard M.J., Sanderson T.P., Miller L.D., Young J.W. Metabolic changes in blood and liver during development and early treatment of experimental fatty liver and ketosis in cows. J. Dairy Sci., 1991, Vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 4238-4253.
16. Weaver D.M., Tyler J.W., VanMetre D.C., Hostetler D.E., Barrington G.M. Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 2000, Vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 569-577.
Review
For citations:
Vasilieva S.V., Vasiliev R.M. INFLUENCE OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS IN COWS ON FORMATION OF COLOSTRAL IMMUNITY IN CALVES. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2021;23(4):981-986. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-IOS-2274
Views:
860
Email this article 