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Humoral immunity in elderly persons vaccinated against influenza shortly before cancellation of COVID-19 pandemic

https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-HII-3065

Abstract

Influenza-related morbidity and mortality are disproportionately high among older population. Over 2004-2017, the highest proportion of influenza A(H3N2) virus in the WHO European Region was observed in the age group of ≥ 65 years, i.e., 10%. The efficiency of influenza vaccination is shown to be reduced among individuals over 65-70 years of age, due to age-related immune dysfunction (immunosenescence). It may be associated with an imbalance in effector memory T cells and regulatory responses. In this age group, high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccines are potentially more effective in terms of hospitalization days and economy than with non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines used at standard doses. The aim of our study was to investigate the ability to form a protective titer of antibodies to influenza virus among elderly persons after vaccination by the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 31 participants over 60 years of age took part in the study, who were immunized with an influenza quadrivalent inactivated subunit adjuvant vaccine by intramuscular injections. Antibodies to influenza virus strains were determined by performing a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test one month after the vaccination. For individuals over 60 years old, one month after vaccination, a statistically significant increase in the seroprotection level (p < 0.05) was observed in relation to three strains: A/Victoria/2570/2019(H1N1) pdm09 (up to 74.2%), A/H3N2/Darwin/9/2021 (93.2%), and B/Austria/1359417/2021 (up to 74.2%). The seroprotection level to the B/Phuket/3073/13 strain was 35.5%. The geometric means of antibody titer (GMT) in older individuals before vaccination was 15.1 (log2 3.91±0.59) for the H1N1 strain versus 73.7 (log2 6.20±0.93) after vaccination; for the H3N2 strain, 52.7 (log2 5.72±0.97) and 147.4 (log2 7.20±1.22), respectively; for the B/Yamagata strain, 8.6 (log2 3.11±0.54) versus 24.1 (log2 4.59±0.79). The GMT level for the B/Victoria strain, was 10.1 (log2 3.33±0.38) versus 63.0 (log2 5.98±0.69) after vaccination. The seroconversion rate (SCR) significantly exceeded the required level of 2.00 for all strains tested (p < 0.05). For both H3N2 and B/Yamagata strains, the GMT was 2.8; for H1N1 and B/Victoria strains, 4.89 and 6.26, respectively. The seroconversion rate for H3N2 and B/Yamagata strains was 41.9%; for the H1N1 strain, 61.3%, for the B/Victoria strain it was 77.4%. The immunogenicity of each component of the influenza vaccine following a single intramuscular immunization of volunteers over 60 years old met at least one criterion of the requirements for inactivated influenza vaccines.

About the Authors

S. V. Iushkova
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation

Iushkova S.V., Postgraduate Student, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education 

Moscow



M. P. Kostinov
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University); I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Russian Federation

Kostinov M.P., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases; Head, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education 

Moscow



L. S. Gladkova
D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital; National Research Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation

Gladkova L.S., PhD (Medicine), Deputy Chief Doctor for Sanitary and Epidemiological Issues; Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Social Hygiene, Institute of Medical and Social Technologies 

Moscow



A. A. Kameleva
D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital; P. Lumumba Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship
Russian Federation

Kameleva A.A., PhD (Medicine), Allergist-Immunologist, Consultative and Diagnostic Department; Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Adaptation, Faculty of Continuous Medical Education, Medical Institute 

Moscow



A. S. Kachnova
D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation

Kachnova A.S., Allergist-Immunologist, Consultative and Diagnostic Department 

Moscow



A. M. Kostinova
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University); D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation

Kostinova A.M., PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education; AllergistImmunologist, Consultative and Diagnostic Department 

Moscow



I. L. Solovyeva
Ulyanovsk State University
Russian Federation

Solovyeva I.L., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Pediatrics, T. Biktimirov Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Education 

Ulyanovsk



N. P. Andreeva
Chuvash State University; City Children’s Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation

Andreeva N.P., PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Healthcare Organization and Information Technologies in Medicine; AllergistImmunologist, Republican Family Vaccination Center, Deputy Chief 

Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic



Yu. A. Dagil
National Research Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation

Dagil Yu.A., PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology 

Moscow



N. Yu. Nastaeva
Novorossiysk Clinical Center, Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation

Nastaeva N.Yu., Epidemiologist 

Novorossiysk



N. O. Kryukova
N. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Kryukova N.O., Assistant Professor, Department of Hospital Therapy, Pediatrics Faculty 

Moscow



K. A. Saifutdinov
Kazan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Saifutdinov K.A., 5th year Student, Faculty of Dentistry 

Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan



A. V. Linok
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University); I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Russian Federation

Linok A.V., PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education; Research Associate, Laboratory for Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases 

Moscow



I. A. Khrapunova
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation

Khrapunova I.A., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education 

Moscow



S. R. Raicic
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation

Raicic S.R., PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education 

Moscow



M. N. Loktionova
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University); I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
Russian Federation

Loktionova M.N., PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education; Leading Research Associate, Laboratory for Epidemiology of Natural Foci Infections; Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases 

Moscow



V. B. Polishchuk
I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
Russian Federation

Polishchuk V.B., PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Vaccine Prophylaxis and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases 

Moscow



M. Y. Albahansa
I. Sechenov First State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation

Albahansa M.Y., Postgraduate Student, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education 

Moscow



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For citations:


Iushkova S.V., Kostinov M.P., Gladkova L.S., Kameleva A.A., Kachnova A.S., Kostinova A.M., Solovyeva I.L., Andreeva N.P., Dagil Yu.A., Nastaeva N.Yu., Kryukova N.O., Saifutdinov K.A., Linok A.V., Khrapunova I.A., Raicic S.R., Loktionova M.N., Polishchuk V.B., Albahansa M.Y. Humoral immunity in elderly persons vaccinated against influenza shortly before cancellation of COVID-19 pandemic. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2025;27(2):395-406. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-HII-3065

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ISSN 1563-0625 (Print)
ISSN 2313-741X (Online)