ОДНОДОМЕННЫЕ АНТИТЕЛА И БИОИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ: НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ТЕРАПИИ

Около 20 лет назад у представителей семейства Camelidae в сыворотке крови были обнаружены особые неканонические антитела, состоящие только из укороченных тяжелых цепей при полном отсутствии легких. За узнавание антигена у этих необычных антител отвечает только один вариабельный домен. Рекомбинантный белок, являющийся аналогом или производным такого анти-ген-узнающего вариабельного домена, получил название «однодоменное антитело» (sdAb), или «нанотело» (nanobody), иногда также его называют «наноантитело». C тех пор однодоменные антитела (наноантитела) и их производные нашли широкое применение во многих областях биологии и медицины, открыли новые перспективы для решения таких значимых проблем, как диагностика и терапия рака, инфекционных и аутоиммунных заболеваний, а также нейтрализация ядов и токсинов. Этот обзор посвящен современным исследованиям с применением наноантител, а также освещает перспективы их использования для создания новых диагностических и терапевтических препаратов.

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