<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2016-1-63-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-989</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СПОНТАННАЯ И ЛПС-ИНДУЦИРОВАННАЯ ПРОДУКЦИЯ 26 ЦИТОКИНОВ, СЕКРЕТИРУЕМЫХ КЛЕТКАМИ КРОВИ БОЛЬНЫХ ЦИРРОЗОМ ПЕЧЕНИ В ДИНАМИКЕ КЛЕТОЧНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SPONTANEOUS AND LPS-INDUCED PRODUCTION OF 26 CYTOKINES SECRETED BY BLOOD CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS DURING OF CELL THERAPY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostanin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии,</p><p>630099, г. Новосибирск, Ядринцевская ул., 14, ct_lab@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy,</p><p>630099, Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya str., 14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostanin62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заслуженный врач РФ, заведующая отделением иммунологии клиники иммунопатологии,</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head, Immunology Department, Clinic of Immunopathology,</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меледина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meledina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-иммунолог отделения иммунологии клиники иммунопатологии,</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>hD (Medicine), Doctor-Immunologist, Immunology Department, Clinic of Immunopathology,</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипунов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipunov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-иммунолог отделения иммунологии клиники иммунопатологии,</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>hD (Medicine), Doctor-Immunologist, Immunology Department, Clinic of Immunopathology,</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леплина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leplina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория клеточной иммунотерапии,</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy,</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевела</surname><given-names>Е. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevela</surname><given-names>E. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория клеточной иммунотерапии,</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy,</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, заведующая лабораторией клеточной иммунотерапии,</p><p>г. Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy,</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Останин А.А., Старостина Н.М., Меледина И.В., Шипунов М.В., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Черных Е.Р., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останин А.А., Старостина Н.М., Меледина И.В., Шипунов М.В., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Черных Е.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostanin A.A., Starostina N.M., Meledina I.V., Shipunov M.V., Leplina O.Y., Shevela E.Y., Chernykh E.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/989">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/989</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследовали уровень продукции 26 цитокинов, секретируемых клетками крови больных циррозом печени (ЦП; n = 20), в динамике проведения клеточной терапии (КТ). Курс КТ включал в/в инфузию аутологичных костномозговых МНК в дозе 1,3±0,3 × 109 (Ме 1,0 × 109 ) и через 14 сут. – в/в инфузию генерированных in vitro МСК в дозе 22,3±5,0 × 106 (Ме 16,0 × 106 ). Больные были обследованы 3-кратно: до начала КТ, через 2-3 сут. после введения МНК и по завершении КТ (через 2-3 сут. после введения МСК). Цитокин-секреторную функцию клеток цельной крови оценивали в 24-часовых культурах в отсутствие стимуляции и в ответ на липополисахарид (ЛПС). Группу контроля составили 10 здоровых доноров крови. Проведение КТ с использованием аутологичных костномозговых клеток (МНК и МСК) у больных ЦП не вызывало развития побочных (аллергических или токсических) реакций, было безопасным и хорошо переносимым. По сравнению с донорами больные ЦП (особенно класса В+С по Child-Pugh) отличались исходно повышенной продукцией ряда цитокинов и хемокинов. Так, отмечалось статистически значимое усиление спонтанной про- дукции IL-9, MIP-1β и IP-10, а также отчетливый тренд к возрастанию TNFα, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES и Eotaxin. При этом клетки крови больных ЦП сохраняли чувствительность к стимулирующему действию ЛПС. Так, продукция 11 из 26 цитокинов (IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-9, IL-15, IL-17, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, Eotaxin) в ответ на ЛПС значимо превышала нормативные значения. Трансплантация костномозговых МНК оказывала минимальное влияние на продукцию цитокинов. В то же время введение МСК приводило к статистически значимому снижению спонтанной и ЛПС-индуцированной продукции, соответственно, 20 и 18 из 26 аналитов, включая про-/противовоспалительные и иммунорегуляторные цитокины, хемокины и ростовые факторы. Нормализация цитокин-секреторной функции у больных ЦП после трансплантации МСК свидетельствует об ослаблении воспалительной активности клеток крови и снижении их реактивности к эндотоксину. Супрессивный эффект МСК на продукцию цитокинов был дозозависимым и наиболее ярко проявлялся у пациентов с декомпенсированным (класс В+С по Child-Pugh) ЦП вирусной этиологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of the present study was to assess the level of 26 cytokines secreted by peripheral blood cells of the patients with liver cirrhosis (LC; n = 20) during the cell therapy (CT). All the patients were administered with intravenously injected autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) in a dose of 1.3±0.3 × 109 (Ме 1.0 × 109 ) followed by 14 days later intravenous injection of ex vivo generated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a dose of 22.3±5.0 × 106 (Ме 16.0 × 106 ). The patients were examined before the CT, 2-3 days after the administration of MNCs and, then, 2-3 days after the introduction of MSCs. Cytokine-secretory function of peripheral blood cells was evaluated in a 24-hour whole blood cultures both in the absence of any stimulation and in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The control group consisted of 10 healthy donors. The administration of patients’ bone marrow cells (both MNCs and MSC) was safe and well tolerated and caused no any adverse (toxic or allergic) events. Compared with donors, LC patients (especially, with class B+C by Child-Pugh) differed by an initially increased production of several cytokines and chemokines. Actually, there was a statistically significant increase of the spontaneous production of IL-9, MIP-1β, and IP-10, as well as a distinct trend to an increase in TNFα, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, of MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES and Eotaxin. Moreover, the blood cells of LC patients were susceptible to the stimulatory effect of LPS, and the LPS-induced production of 11 out of 26 cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-9, IL-15, IL-17, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, Eotaxin) significantly exceeded the normative values. Transplantation of bone marrow MNCs had minimal impact on cytokine production. Meanwhile, the MSCs introduction resulted in a significant decrease in spontaneous and LPS-induced production of, respectively, 20 and 18 analytes including pro-/anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. The normalization of cytokine-secretory function following transplantation of MSCs revealed in the patients with LC indicates the weakening of an inflammatory activity of circulating blood cells and the decrease in their reactivity to endotoxin. MSC suppressive effect on cytokine production was dose-dependent, and most pronounced in patients with decompensated LC (class B+C by Child-Pugh) of viral etiology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мультиплексный анализ</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>клетки крови</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>костномозговые МНК и МСК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiplex assay</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>blood cells</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>bone marrow MNC &amp; MSC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Останин А.А., Черных Е.Р. Сравнительная оценка уровня 17 цитокинов в сыворотке и цельной крови здоровых доноров методом проточной флюориметрии // Цитокины и воспаление, 2005. Т. 4, № 2. С. 25-32. [Ostanin A.A., Chernykh E.R. The comparative analysis of 17 cytokines level in serum and whole blood of healthy donors using the Bio-Plex protein array system. Tsitokiny i vospalenie = Cytokines and Inflammation, 2005, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 25-32. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Останин А.А., Черных Е.Р. Сравнительная оценка уровня 17 цитокинов в сыворотке и цельной крови здоровых доноров методом проточной флюориметрии // Цитокины и воспаление, 2005. Т. 4, № 2. С. 25-32. [Ostanin A.A., Chernykh E.R. The comparative analysis of 17 cytokines level in serum and whole blood of healthy donors using the Bio-Plex protein array system. Tsitokiny i vospalenie = Cytokines and Inflammation, 2005, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 25-32. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черных Е.Р., Пальцев А.И., Старостина Н.М., Останин А.А., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Меледина И.В., Селихова Ю.Б., Демидчик C.Н., Никонов С.Д., Кожевников В.С., Кулагин А.Д., Лисуков И.А., Козлов В.А. Аутологичные клетки костного мозга в комплексном лечении пациентов с хроническими гепатитами и циррозом печени // Гепатология, 2005. № 1 С. 30-36. [Chernykh E.R., Paltzev A.I., Starostina N.M., Ostanin A.A., Leplina O.Yu., Shevela E.Ya., Meledina I.V., Selihova Yu.B., Demidchik S.N., Nikonov S.D., Kozevnikov V.S., Kulagin A.D., Lisukov I.A., Kozlov V.A. Autologous bone marrow cells in complex treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Gepatologiya = Hepatology, 2005, no. 1, pp. 30-36. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Черных Е.Р., Пальцев А.И., Старостина Н.М., Останин А.А., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Меледина И.В., Селихова Ю.Б., Демидчик C.Н., Никонов С.Д., Кожевников В.С., Кулагин А.Д., Лисуков И.А., Козлов В.А. Аутологичные клетки костного мозга в комплексном лечении пациентов с хроническими гепатитами и циррозом печени // Гепатология, 2005. № 1 С. 30-36. [Chernykh E.R., Paltzev A.I., Starostina N.M., Ostanin A.A., Leplina O.Yu., Shevela E.Ya., Meledina I.V., Selihova Yu.B., Demidchik S.N., Nikonov S.D., Kozevnikov V.S., Kulagin A.D., Lisukov I.A., Kozlov V.A. Autologous bone marrow cells in complex treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Gepatologiya = Hepatology, 2005, no. 1, pp. 30-36. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черных Е.Р., Старостина Н.М., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Агапитова С.В., Шипунов М.В., Останин А.А., Козлов В.А. Цитокиновый профиль у больных хроническими вирусными гепатитами с фиброзом и циррозом печени // Медицинская иммунология, 2006. Т. 8, № 4. С. 539-546. [Chernykh E.R., Starostina N.M., Leplina O.Yu., Shevela E.Yu., Agapitova S.V., Shipunov M.V., Ostanin A.A., Kozlov V.A. Cytokine profile in patients with chronic virus hepatitis complicated with fibrosis and cirrhosis. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2006, Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 539-546. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2006-4-539-546 (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Черных Е.Р., Старостина Н.М., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Агапитова С.В., Шипунов М.В., Останин А.А., Козлов В.А. Цитокиновый профиль у больных хроническими вирусными гепатитами с фиброзом и циррозом печени // Медицинская иммунология, 2006. Т. 8, № 4. С. 539-546. [Chernykh E.R., Starostina N.M., Leplina O.Yu., Shevela E.Yu., Agapitova S.V., Shipunov M.V., Ostanin A.A., Kozlov V.A. Cytokine profile in patients with chronic virus hepatitis complicated with fibrosis and cirrhosis. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia), 2006, Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 539-546. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2006-4-539-546 (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черных Е.Р., Старостина Н.М., Пальцев А.И., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Шипунов М.В., Селихова Ю.Б., Кулагин А.Д., Лисуков И.А., Никонов С.Д., Останин А.А., Козлов В.А. Лечение цирроза печени с использованием трансплантации аутологичных клеток костного мозга // Клеточные технологии. Теоретические и прикладные аспекты / Под ред. Козлова В.А., Сенникова С.В., Черных Е.Р., Останина А.А. Новосибирск: Наука, 2009. С. 171-188. [Chernykh E.R., Starostina N.M., Paltzev A.I., Leplina O.Yu., Shevela E.Ya., Shipunov M.V., Selihova Yu.B., Kulagin A.D., Lisukov I.A., Nikonov S.D., Ostanin A.A., Kozlov V.A. Treatment of liver cirrhosis using autologous bone marrow cell transplantation [Cell technologies. Theoretical and applied aspects. Edited by Kozlov V.A., Sennikov S.V., Chernykh E.R., Ostanin A.A.]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2009, pp. 171-188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Черных Е.Р., Старостина Н.М., Пальцев А.И., Леплина О.Ю., Шевела Е.Я., Шипунов М.В., Селихова Ю.Б., Кулагин А.Д., Лисуков И.А., Никонов С.Д., Останин А.А., Козлов В.А. Лечение цирроза печени с использованием трансплантации аутологичных клеток костного мозга // Клеточные технологии. Теоретические и прикладные аспекты / Под ред. Козлова В.А., Сенникова С.В., Черных Е.Р., Останина А.А. Новосибирск: Наука, 2009. С. 171-188. [Chernykh E.R., Starostina N.M., Paltzev A.I., Leplina O.Yu., Shevela E.Ya., Shipunov M.V., Selihova Yu.B., Kulagin A.D., Lisukov I.A., Nikonov S.D., Ostanin A.A., Kozlov V.A. Treatment of liver cirrhosis using autologous bone marrow cell transplantation [Cell technologies. Theoretical and applied aspects. Edited by Kozlov V.A., Sennikov S.V., Chernykh E.R., Ostanin A.A.]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2009, pp. 171-188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевела Е.Я., Старостина Н.М., Пальцев А.И., Шипунов М.В., Желтова О.И., Меледина И.В., Хван Л.А., Леплина О.Ю., Останин А.А., Черных Е.Р., Козлов В.А. Эффективность клеточной терапии при циррозе печени // Клеточные технологии в биологии и медицине, 2015 (в печати). [Shevela E.Ya., Starostina N.M., Paltzev A.I., Shipunov M.V., Zheltova O.I., Meledina I.V., Hvan L.A., Leplina O.Yu., Ostanin A.A., Chernykh E.R., Kozlov V.A. The efficiency of cell therapy in liver cirrhosis. Kletochnye tekhnologii v biologii i meditsine = Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, 2015 (in press). (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шевела Е.Я., Старостина Н.М., Пальцев А.И., Шипунов М.В., Желтова О.И., Меледина И.В., Хван Л.А., Леплина О.Ю., Останин А.А., Черных Е.Р., Козлов В.А. Эффективность клеточной терапии при циррозе печени // Клеточные технологии в биологии и медицине, 2015 (в печати). [Shevela E.Ya., Starostina N.M., Paltzev A.I., Shipunov M.V., Zheltova O.I., Meledina I.V., Hvan L.A., Leplina O.Yu., Ostanin A.A., Chernykh E.R., Kozlov V.A. The efficiency of cell therapy in liver cirrhosis. Kletochnye tekhnologii v biologii i meditsine = Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, 2015 (in press). (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdel Aziz M.T., Atta H.M., Mahfouz S., Fouad H.H., Roshdy N.K., Ahmed H.H., Rashed L.A., Sabry D., Hassouna A.A., Hasan N.M. Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on experimental liver fibrosis. Clin. Biochem., 2007, Vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 893-899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdel Aziz M.T., Atta H.M., Mahfouz S., Fouad H.H., Roshdy N.K., Ahmed H.H., Rashed L.A., Sabry D., Hassouna A.A., Hasan N.M. Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on experimental liver fibrosis. Clin. Biochem., 2007, Vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 893-899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akriviadis E., Botla R., Briggs W., Han S., Reynolds T., Shakil O. Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology, 2000, Vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 1637-1648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akriviadis E., Botla R., Briggs W., Han S., Reynolds T., Shakil O. Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology, 2000, Vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 1637-1648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aoyama T., Paik Y.H., Seki E. Toll-like receptor signaling and liver fibrosis. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract., 2010, Vol. 2010, article ID 192543, 8 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aoyama T., Paik Y.H., Seki E. Toll-like receptor signaling and liver fibrosis. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract., 2010, Vol. 2010, article ID 192543, 8 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai Y.Q., Yang Y.X., Yang Y.G., Ding S.Z., Jin F.L., Cao M.B., Zhang Y.R., Zhang B.Y. Outcomes of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in decompensated liver cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 26, pp. 8660-8666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai Y.Q., Yang Y.X., Yang Y.G., Ding S.Z., Jin F.L., Cao M.B., Zhang Y.R., Zhang B.Y. Outcomes of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in decompensated liver cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 26, pp. 8660-8666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burunova V.V., Suzdaltseva Y.G., Voronov A.V., Cheglakov I.B., Vakhrushev I.V., Yarygin K.N., Yarygin V.N. Development and introduction of production standards for cell products of mesenchymal origin. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 2008, Vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 526-530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burunova V.V., Suzdaltseva Y.G., Voronov A.V., Cheglakov I.B., Vakhrushev I.V., Yarygin K.N., Yarygin V.N. Development and introduction of production standards for cell products of mesenchymal origin. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 2008, Vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 526-530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capone F., Guerriero E., Colonna G., Maio P., Mangia A., Castello G., Costantini S. Cytokinome profile evaluation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 28, pp. 9261-9269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capone F., Guerriero E., Colonna G., Maio P., Mangia A., Castello G., Costantini S. Cytokinome profile evaluation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 28, pp. 9261-9269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carson R., Vignali D. Simultaneous quantitation of fifteen cytokines using a multiplexed flow cytometric assay. J. Immunol. Methods., 1999, Vol. 227, no. 1-2, pp. 41-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carson R., Vignali D. Simultaneous quantitation of fifteen cytokines using a multiplexed flow cytometric assay. J. Immunol. Methods., 1999, Vol. 227, no. 1-2, pp. 41-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho A.B., Quintanilha L.F., Dias J.V., Paredes B.D., Mannheimer E.G., Carvalho F.G., Asensi K.D., Gutfilen B., Fonseca L.M.B., Resende C.M.C., Rezende G.F.M., Takiya C.M., de Carvalho A.C.C., Goldenberg R.C. S. Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells do not reduce fibrosis or improve function in a rat model of severe chronic liver injury. Stem Cells, 2008, Vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1307-1314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho A.B., Quintanilha L.F., Dias J.V., Paredes B.D., Mannheimer E.G., Carvalho F.G., Asensi K.D., Gutfilen B., Fonseca L.M.B., Resende C.M.C., Rezende G.F.M., Takiya C.M., de Carvalho A.C.C., Goldenberg R.C. S. Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells do not reduce fibrosis or improve function in a rat model of severe chronic liver injury. Stem Cells, 2008, Vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1307-1314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Waal Malefyt R., Abrams J., Bennett B., Figdor C.G., de Vries J.E. Interleukin 10 inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J. Exp. Med., 1991, Vol. 174, no. 5, pp. 1209-1220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Waal Malefyt R., Abrams J., Bennett B., Figdor C.G., de Vries J.E. Interleukin 10 inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J. Exp. Med., 1991, Vol. 174, no. 5, pp. 1209-1220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doorn J., Moll G., Le Blanc K., van Blitterswijk C., de Boer J. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells: paracrine effects and potential improvements. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev., 2012, Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 101-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doorn J., Moll G., Le Blanc K., van Blitterswijk C., de Boer J. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells: paracrine effects and potential improvements. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev., 2012, Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 101-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang B., Shi M., Liao L., Yang S., Liu Y., Zhao R.C. Systemic infusion of FLK1(+) mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Transplantation, 2004, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 83-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang B., Shi M., Liao L., Yang S., Liu Y., Zhao R.C. Systemic infusion of FLK1(+) mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Transplantation, 2004, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 83-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forbes S.J., Newsome P.N. New horizons for stem cell therapy in liver disease. J. Hepatol., 2012, Vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 496-499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forbes S.J., Newsome P.N. New horizons for stem cell therapy in liver disease. J. Hepatol., 2012, Vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 496-499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavalas N.G., Tsiatas M., Tsitsilonis O., Politi E., Ioannou K., Ziogas A.C., Rodolakis A., Vlahos G., Thomakos N., Haidopoulos D., Terpos E., Antsaklis A., Dimopoulos M.A., Bamias A. VEGF directly suppresses activation of T cells from ascites secondary to ovarian cancer via VEGF receptor type 2. British J. Cancer., 2012, Vol. 107, pp. 1869-1875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavalas N.G., Tsiatas M., Tsitsilonis O., Politi E., Ioannou K., Ziogas A.C., Rodolakis A., Vlahos G., Thomakos N., Haidopoulos D., Terpos E., Antsaklis A., Dimopoulos M.A., Bamias A. VEGF directly suppresses activation of T cells from ascites secondary to ovarian cancer via VEGF receptor type 2. British J. Cancer., 2012, Vol. 107, pp. 1869-1875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goral V., Atayan Y., Kaplan A. The relation between pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy and serum cytokine levels: what is the role of tumor necrosis factor α? Hepatogastroenterology, 2011, Vol. 58, pp. 943-948.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goral V., Atayan Y., Kaplan A. The relation between pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy and serum cytokine levels: what is the role of tumor necrosis factor α? Hepatogastroenterology, 2011, Vol. 58, pp. 943-948.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huaux F., Liu T., McGarry B., Ullenbruch M., Phan S.H. Dual roles of IL-4 in lung injury and fibrosis. J. Immunol., 2003, Vol. 170, no. 4, pp. 2083-2092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huaux F., Liu T., McGarry B., Ullenbruch M., Phan S.H. Dual roles of IL-4 in lung injury and fibrosis. J. Immunol., 2003, Vol. 170, no. 4, pp. 2083-2092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan A.A., Parveen N., Mahaboob V.S., Rajendraprasad A., Ravindraprakesh H.R., Venkateswarlu J. Safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation through hepatic artery for the treatment of chronic liver failure: a preliminary study. Transplant Proc., 2008, Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1140-1144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan A.A., Parveen N., Mahaboob V.S., Rajendraprasad A., Ravindraprakesh H.R., Venkateswarlu J. Safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation through hepatic artery for the treatment of chronic liver failure: a preliminary study. Transplant Proc., 2008, Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1140-1144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharaziha P., Hellstrom P.M., Noorinayer B., Farzaneh F., Aghajani K., Jafari F., Telkabadi M., Atashi A., Honardoost M., Zali M.R., Soleimani M. Improvement of liver function in liver cirrhosis patients after autologous mesenchymal stem cell injection: a phase I-II clinical trial. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2009, Vol. 21, pp. 1199-1205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharaziha P., Hellstrom P.M., Noorinayer B., Farzaneh F., Aghajani K., Jafari F., Telkabadi M., Atashi A., Honardoost M., Zali M.R., Soleimani M. Improvement of liver function in liver cirrhosis patients after autologous mesenchymal stem cell injection: a phase I-II clinical trial. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2009, Vol. 21, pp. 1199-1205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J.K., Park Y.N., Kim J.S., Park M.S., Paik Y.H., Seok J.Y., Chung Y.E., Kim H.O., Kim K.S., Ahn S.H., Kim do Y., Kim M.J., Lee K.S., Chon C.Y., Kim S.J., Terai S., Sakaida I., Han K.H. Autologous bone marrow infusion activates the progenitor cell compartment in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Cell Transplant., 2010, Vol. 19, pp. 1237-1246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J.K., Park Y.N., Kim J.S., Park M.S., Paik Y.H., Seok J.Y., Chung Y.E., Kim H.O., Kim K.S., Ahn S.H., Kim do Y., Kim M.J., Lee K.S., Chon C.Y., Kim S.J., Terai S., Sakaida I., Han K.H. Autologous bone marrow infusion activates the progenitor cell compartment in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Cell Transplant., 2010, Vol. 19, pp. 1237-1246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kisseleva T., Cong M., Paik Y., Scholten D., Jiang C., Benner C., Iwaisako K., Moore-Morris T., Scott B., Tsukamoto H., Evans S.M., Dillmann W., Glass C.K., Brenner D.A. Myofibroblasts revert to an inactive phenotype during regression of liver fibrosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA., 2012, Vol. 109, no. 24, pp. 9448-9453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kisseleva T., Cong M., Paik Y., Scholten D., Jiang C., Benner C., Iwaisako K., Moore-Morris T., Scott B., Tsukamoto H., Evans S.M., Dillmann W., Glass C.K., Brenner D.A. Myofibroblasts revert to an inactive phenotype during regression of liver fibrosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA., 2012, Vol. 109, no. 24, pp. 9448-9453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kochlios E., Foka P., Mavromara P. Modulation of monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine and chemokine expression profile by persistent Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to chronic inflammation. J. Mol. Biochem., 2012, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 40-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochlios E., Foka P., Mavromara P. Modulation of monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokine and chemokine expression profile by persistent Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to chronic inflammation. J. Mol. Biochem., 2012, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 40-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee M.J., Jung J., Na K-H., Moon J.S., Lee H-J., Kim J-H., Kim G., Kwon S-W., Hwang S-G., Kim G.J. Antifibrotic effect of chorionic platederived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human placenta in a rat model of CCl(4)-injured liver: potential application to the treatment of hepatic diseases. J. Cell. Biochem., 2010, Vol. 111, no. 6, pp. 1453-1463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee M.J., Jung J., Na K-H., Moon J.S., Lee H-J., Kim J-H., Kim G., Kwon S-W., Hwang S-G., Kim G.J. Antifibrotic effect of chorionic platederived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human placenta in a rat model of CCl(4)-injured liver: potential application to the treatment of hepatic diseases. J. Cell. Biochem., 2010, Vol. 111, no. 6, pp. 1453-1463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang X., Ding D., Zhang Y., Tse H-F., Lian Q. Paracrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: current status and perspectives. Cell Transplantation., 2014, Vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1045-1059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liang X., Ding D., Zhang Y., Tse H-F., Lian Q. Paracrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: current status and perspectives. Cell Transplantation., 2014, Vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1045-1059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Zhang R., Yan K., Chen F., Huang W., Lv B., Sun C., Xu L., Li F., Jiang X. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses of BV2 microglial cells through TSG-6. J. Neuroinflammation, 2014, Vol. 11, article 135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Zhang R., Yan K., Chen F., Huang W., Lv B., Sun C., Xu L., Li F., Jiang X. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses of BV2 microglial cells through TSG-6. J. Neuroinflammation, 2014, Vol. 11, article 135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyra A.C., Soares M.B., da Silva L.F., Fortes M.F., Silva A.G., Mota A.C., Oliveira S.A., Braga E.L., de Carvalho W.A., Genser B., dos Santos R.R., Lyra L.G. Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol., 2007, Vol. 13, pp. 1067-1073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyra A.C., Soares M.B., da Silva L.F., Fortes M.F., Silva A.G., Mota A.C., Oliveira S.A., Braga E.L., de Carvalho W.A., Genser B., dos Santos R.R., Lyra L.G. Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol., 2007, Vol. 13, pp. 1067-1073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martins A., Jiahuai Han J., Kim S.O. The multifaceted effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in immunomodulation and potential roles in intestinal immune homeostasis. IUBMB Life, 2010, Vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 611-617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martins A., Jiahuai Han J., Kim S.O. The multifaceted effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in immunomodulation and potential roles in intestinal immune homeostasis. IUBMB Life, 2010, Vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 611-617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maumus M., Jorgensen C., Noel D. Mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine applied to rheumatic diseases: Role of secretome and exosomes. Biochimie, 2013, Vol. 95, pp. 2229-2234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maumus M., Jorgensen C., Noel D. Mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine applied to rheumatic diseases: Role of secretome and exosomes. Biochimie, 2013, Vol. 95, pp. 2229-2234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meier R.P.H., Muller Y.D., Morel Р., Gonelle-Gispert C., Buhler L.H. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of liver diseases, is there enough evidence? Stem. Cell Research., 2013, Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1348-1364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meier R.P.H., Muller Y.D., Morel Р., Gonelle-Gispert C., Buhler L.H. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of liver diseases, is there enough evidence? Stem. Cell Research., 2013, Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1348-1364.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohamadnejad M., Namiri M., Bagheri M., Hashemi S.M., Ghanaati H., Zare Mehrjardi N., Kazemi Ashtiani S., Malekzadeh R., Baharvand H. Phase 1 human trial of autologous bone marrow-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol., 2007, Vol. 13, pp. 3359-3363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamadnejad M., Namiri M., Bagheri M., Hashemi S.M., Ghanaati H., Zare Mehrjardi N., Kazemi Ashtiani S., Malekzadeh R., Baharvand H. Phase 1 human trial of autologous bone marrow-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol., 2007, Vol. 13, pp. 3359-3363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neuman M.G. Cytokines – central factors in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Research and Health, 2003, Vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 307-316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neuman M.G. Cytokines – central factors in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Research and Health, 2003, Vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 307-316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okumoto K., Saito T., Haga H., Hattori E., Ishii R., Karasawa T., Suzuki A., Misawa K., Sanjo M., Ito J.I., Sugahara K., Saito K., Togashi H., Kawata S. Characteristics of rat bone marrow cells differentiated into a liver cell lineage and dynamics of the transplanted cells in the injured liver. J. Gastroenterol., 2006, Vol. 41, pp. 62-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okumoto K., Saito T., Haga H., Hattori E., Ishii R., Karasawa T., Suzuki A., Misawa K., Sanjo M., Ito J.I., Sugahara K., Saito K., Togashi H., Kawata S. Characteristics of rat bone marrow cells differentiated into a liver cell lineage and dynamics of the transplanted cells in the injured liver. J. Gastroenterol., 2006, Vol. 41, pp. 62-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Reilly S., Hugle T., Griffiths B., Krippner A., van Laar J.M. T cell derived IL-6 and IL-13 drive fibroblast fibrosis: implications for systemic sclerosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2012, Vol. 71, Suppl. 1, A46-A47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Reilly S., Hugle T., Griffiths B., Krippner A., van Laar J.M. T cell derived IL-6 and IL-13 drive fibroblast fibrosis: implications for systemic sclerosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2012, Vol. 71, Suppl. 1, A46-A47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parekkadan B., van Poll D., Megeed Z., Kobayashi N., Tilles A.W., Immunomodulation of activated hepatic stellate cells by mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, Vol. 363, pp. 247-252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parekkadan B., van Poll D., Megeed Z., Kobayashi N., Tilles A.W., Immunomodulation of activated hepatic stellate cells by mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, Vol. 363, pp. 247-252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng L., Xie D.Y., Lin B.L., Liu J., Zhu H.P., Xie C., Zheng Y.B., Gao Z.L. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in liver failure patients caused by hepatitis B: short-term and long-term outcomes. Hepatology, 2011, Vol. 54, pp. 820-828.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng L., Xie D.Y., Lin B.L., Liu J., Zhu H.P., Xie C., Zheng Y.B., Gao Z.L. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in liver failure patients caused by hepatitis B: short-term and long-term outcomes. Hepatology, 2011, Vol. 54, pp. 820-828.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popp F.C., Slowik P., Eggenhofer E., Renner P., Lang S.A., Stoeltzing O., Geissler E.K., Piso P., Schlitt H.J., Dahlke M.H. No contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to liver regeneration in a rat model of prolonged hepatic injury. Stem. Cells, 2007, Vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 639-645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popp F.C., Slowik P., Eggenhofer E., Renner P., Lang S.A., Stoeltzing O., Geissler E.K., Piso P., Schlitt H.J., Dahlke M.H. No contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to liver regeneration in a rat model of prolonged hepatic injury. Stem. Cells, 2007, Vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 639-645.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiman R.M., Thompson R.W., Feng C.G., Hari D., Knight R., Cheever A.W., Rosenberg H.F., Wynn T.A. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) augments the progression of liver fibrosis by regulating IL-13 activity. Infect. Immun., 2006, Vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 1471-1479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiman R.M., Thompson R.W., Feng C.G., Hari D., Knight R., Cheever A.W., Rosenberg H.F., Wynn T.A. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) augments the progression of liver fibrosis by regulating IL-13 activity. Infect. Immun., 2006, Vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 1471-1479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbloom J., Mendoza F.A., Jimenez S.A., Strategies for anti-fibrotic therapies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Molecular Basis of Disease., 2013, Vol. 1832, no. 7, pp. 1088-1103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenbloom J., Mendoza F.A., Jimenez S.A., Strategies for anti-fibrotic therapies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Molecular Basis of Disease., 2013, Vol. 1832, no. 7, pp. 1088-1103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito T., Okumoto K., Haga H., Nishise Y., Ishii R., Sato C., Watanabe H., Okada A., Ikeda M., Togashi H., Ishikawa T., Terai S., Sakaida I., Kawata S. Potential therapeutic application of intravenous autologous bone marrow infusion in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Stem. Cells Dev., 2011, Vol. 20, pp. 1503-1510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito T., Okumoto K., Haga H., Nishise Y., Ishii R., Sato C., Watanabe H., Okada A., Ikeda M., Togashi H., Ishikawa T., Terai S., Sakaida I., Kawata S. Potential therapeutic application of intravenous autologous bone marrow infusion in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Stem. Cells Dev., 2011, Vol. 20, pp. 1503-1510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito T., Tomita K., Haga H., Okumoto K., Ueno Y. Bone marrow cell-based regenerative therapy for liver cirrhosis. World J. Methodol., 2013, Vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 65-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito T., Tomita K., Haga H., Okumoto K., Ueno Y. Bone marrow cell-based regenerative therapy for liver cirrhosis. World J. Methodol., 2013, Vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 65-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakaida I., Terai S., Yamamoto N., Aoyama K., Ishikawa T., Nishina H., Okita K. Transplantation of bone marrow cells reduces CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology, 2004, Vol. 40, pp. 1304-1311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakaida I., Terai S., Yamamoto N., Aoyama K., Ishikawa T., Nishina H., Okita K. Transplantation of bone marrow cells reduces CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology, 2004, Vol. 40, pp. 1304-1311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuppan D., Kim Y.O. Evolving therapies for liver fibrosis. J. Clin. Invest., 2013, Vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 1887-1901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schuppan D., Kim Y.O. Evolving therapies for liver fibrosis. J. Clin. Invest., 2013, Vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 1887-1901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz R.E., Reyes M., Koodie L., Jiang Y., Blackstad M., Lund T., Lenvik T., Johnson S., Hu W.S., Verfaillie C.M. Multipotent adult progenitor cells from bone marrow differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells. J. Clin. Invest., 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 1291-1302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz R.E., Reyes M., Koodie L., Jiang Y., Blackstad M., Lund T., Lenvik T., Johnson S., Hu W.S., Verfaillie C.M. Multipotent adult progenitor cells from bone marrow differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells. J. Clin. Invest., 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 1291-1302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sgroi A., Gonelle-Gispert C., Morel P., Baertschiger R.M., Niclauss N., Mentha G., Majno P., Serre-Beinier V., Buhle L. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modulates the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. PLoS One, 2011, Vol. 6, no. 9, e25442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sgroi A., Gonelle-Gispert C., Morel P., Baertschiger R.M., Niclauss N., Mentha G., Majno P., Serre-Beinier V., Buhle L. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modulates the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. PLoS One, 2011, Vol. 6, no. 9, e25442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sioud M., Mobergslien A., Boudabous A., Floisand Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated T cell suppression occurs through secreted galectins. Int. J. Oncology, 2011, Vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 385-390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sioud M., Mobergslien A., Boudabous A., Floisand Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated T cell suppression occurs through secreted galectins. Int. J. Oncology, 2011, Vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 385-390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takami T., Terai S., Sakaida I. Stem cell therapy in chronic liver disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 2012, Vol. 28, pp. 203-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takami T., Terai S., Sakaida I. Stem cell therapy in chronic liver disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 2012, Vol. 28, pp. 203-208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terai S., Ishikawa T., Omori K., Aoyama K., Marumoto Y., Urata Y., Yokoyama Y., Uchida K., Yamasaki T., Fujii Y., Okita K., Sakaida I. Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy. Stem. Cells, 2006, Vol. 24, pp. 2292-2298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terai S., Ishikawa T., Omori K., Aoyama K., Marumoto Y., Urata Y., Yokoyama Y., Uchida K., Yamasaki T., Fujii Y., Okita K., Sakaida I. Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy. Stem. Cells, 2006, Vol. 24, pp. 2292-2298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terai S., Sakaida I., Yamamoto N., Omori K., Watanabe T., Ohata S., Katada T., Miyamoto K., Shinoda K., Nishina H., Okita K. An in vivo model for monitoring trans-differentiation of bone marrow cells into functional hepatocytes. J. Biochem., 2003, Vol. 134, pp. 551-558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terai S., Sakaida I., Yamamoto N., Omori K., Watanabe T., Ohata S., Katada T., Miyamoto K., Shinoda K., Nishina H., Okita K. An in vivo model for monitoring trans-differentiation of bone marrow cells into functional hepatocytes. J. Biochem., 2003, Vol. 134, pp. 551-558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tilg H., Jalan R., Kaser A., Davies N.A., Offner F.A., Hodges S.J., Ludwiczek O., Shawcross D., Zoller H., Alisa A., Mookerjee R.P., Graziadei I., Datz C., Trauner M., Schuppan D., Obrist P., Vogel W., Williams R. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. J. Hepatol., 2003, Vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 419-425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilg H., Jalan R., Kaser A., Davies N.A., Offner F.A., Hodges S.J., Ludwiczek O., Shawcross D., Zoller H., Alisa A., Mookerjee R.P., Graziadei I., Datz C., Trauner M., Schuppan D., Obrist P., Vogel W., Williams R. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. J. Hepatol., 2003, Vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 419-425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsai P.-C., Fu T.-W., Chen Y.-M.A., Ko T-L., Chen T.-H., Shih Y.-H., Hung S.-C., Fu Y.-S. The therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton’s jelly in the treatment of rat liver fibrosis. Liver Transpl., 2009, Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 484-495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsai P.-C., Fu T.-W., Chen Y.-M.A., Ko T-L., Chen T.-H., Shih Y.-H., Hung S.-C., Fu Y.-S. The therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton’s jelly in the treatment of rat liver fibrosis. Liver Transpl., 2009, Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 484-495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usunier В., Benderitter M., Tamarat R., Chapel A. Management of fibrosis: the mesenchymal stromal cells breakthrough. Stem. Cells International, 2014, Vol. 2014, Article ID 340257, 26 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usunier В., Benderitter M., Tamarat R., Chapel A. Management of fibrosis: the mesenchymal stromal cells breakthrough. Stem. Cells International, 2014, Vol. 2014, Article ID 340257, 26 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weng S.-Y., Wang X.-Y., Tang Y., Kim Y.O., Molokanova O., Brombacher F., Boop T., Schild H.-J., Waisman A., Schuppan D. IL-4/IL-13 exacerbate liver fibrosis progression throuth alternatively activated macrophages. J. Hepatol., 2015, Vol. 62, Suppl. 2, p. S474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weng S.-Y., Wang X.-Y., Tang Y., Kim Y.O., Molokanova O., Brombacher F., Boop T., Schild H.-J., Waisman A., Schuppan D. IL-4/IL-13 exacerbate liver fibrosis progression throuth alternatively activated macrophages. J. Hepatol., 2015, Vol. 62, Suppl. 2, p. S474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang L, Seki E. Toll-like receptors in liver fibrosis: cellular crosstalk and mechanisms. Front Physiol., 2012, Vol. 3, article 138, 18 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang L, Seki E. Toll-like receptors in liver fibrosis: cellular crosstalk and mechanisms. Front Physiol., 2012, Vol. 3, article 138, 18 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Z.F., Ho D.W.Y., Ngai P., Lau C.K., Zhao Y., Poon R.T.P., Fan S.T. Antiinflammatory properties of IL-10 rescue small-for-size liver grafts. Liver Transpl., 2007, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 558-565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Z.F., Ho D.W.Y., Ngai P., Lau C.K., Zhao Y., Poon R.T.P., Fan S.T. Antiinflammatory properties of IL-10 rescue small-for-size liver grafts. Liver Transpl., 2007, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 558-565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zampino R., Marrone A., Restivo L., Guerrera B., Sellitto A., Rinaldi L., Romano C., Adinolfi L.E. Chronic HCV infection and inflammation: clinical impact on hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations. World J. Hepatol., 2013, Vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 528-540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zampino R., Marrone A., Restivo L., Guerrera B., Sellitto A., Rinaldi L., Romano C., Adinolfi L.E. Chronic HCV infection and inflammation: clinical impact on hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations. World J. Hepatol., 2013, Vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 528-540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., Lin H., Shi M., Xu R., Fu J., Lv J., Chen L., Lv S., Li Y., Yu S., Geng H., Jin L., Lau G.K.K., Wang F-S. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve liver function and ascites in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2012, Vol. 27 (Suppl. 2), pp. 112-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z., Lin H., Shi M., Xu R., Fu J., Lv J., Chen L., Lv S., Li Y., Yu S., Geng H., Jin L., Lau G.K.K., Wang F-S. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve liver function and ascites in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2012, Vol. 27 (Suppl. 2), pp. 112-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao W., Li J.J., Cao D.Y., Li X., Zhang L.Y., He Y., Yue S.Q., Wang D.S., Dou K.F. Intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in treating liver fibrosis. World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, Vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1048-1058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao W., Li J.J., Cao D.Y., Li X., Zhang L.Y., He Y., Yue S.Q., Wang D.S., Dou K.F. Intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in treating liver fibrosis. World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, Vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1048-1058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
