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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2016-1-51-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-988</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПЕПТИДОВ, КОПИРУЮЩИХ АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ АНТИГЕННЫЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ВИЧ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES SIMILAR TO ACTUAL HIV ANTIGEN DETERMINANTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория полисахаридных вакцин, отдел иммунной биотехнологии,</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Polysaccharide Vaccines, Department of Immune Biotechnology,</p><p>115478, Moscow, Kashirskoye сh., 24, bldg 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korobovas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилаева</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilaeva</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория иммунохимии, отдел молекулярной вирусологии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Molecular Virology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория инженерии белка, отдел биоинженерии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Department of Bioengineering,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел планирования и координации научных исследований,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Department of Scientific Research Planning and Coordination,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубченинова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubcheninova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией диагностики иммунозависимых заболеваний, отдел иммунодиагностики и иммунокоррекции,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head, Immune Disease Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Immunodiagnosis and Immune Correction,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трефильева</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trefilyeva</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач лаборатории диагностики иммунозависимых заболеваний, отдел иммунодиагностики и иммунокоррекции,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory medical adviser, Immune Disease Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Immunodiagnosis and Immune Correction,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизякина</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizyakina</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, директор, </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Director,</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорович</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorovich</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник, информационно-аналитический отдел,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Information and Analysis Department,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апарин</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aparin</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией полисахаридных вакцин, отдел иммунной биотехнологии,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Polysaccharide Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Immune Biotechnology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief of Research,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» ФМБА России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Министерства здравоохранения РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова» РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт иммунологии Ростовского государственного медицинского университета Министерства здравоохранения РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Immunology, Rostov State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коробова С.В., Корнилаева Г.В., Топорова В.А., Николаева И.А., Трубченинова Л.П., Трефильева Н.Ф., Сизякина Л.П., Сидорович И.Г., Апарин П.Г., Хаитов Р.М., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коробова С.В., Корнилаева Г.В., Топорова В.А., Николаева И.А., Трубченинова Л.П., Трефильева Н.Ф., Сизякина Л.П., Сидорович И.Г., Апарин П.Г., Хаитов Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korobova S.V., Kornilaeva G.V., Toporova V.A., Nikolaeva I.A., Trubcheninova L.P., Trefilyeva N.F., Sizyakina L.P., Sidorovich I.G., Aparin P.G., Khaitov R.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/988">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/988</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработка эффективной вакцины против ВИЧ/СПИД, способной остановить распространение вируса, по-прежнему остается важнейшей задачей в профилактике и терапии ВИЧ/ СПИД. Существует множество подходов по созданию кандидатных вакцинных препаратов, основанных на индукции как нейтрализующих антител, так и активации цитотоксических лимфоцитов. Одним из перспективных направлений является использование синтетических пептидов в качестве антигенов. Пептиды способны вызывать активацию как клеточного, так и гуморального звена иммунного ответа. Оболочечный белок gp120 ВИЧ1 содержит эпитопы для нейтрализующих антител. Область V3-петли ВИЧ1 необходима для связывания вируса с корецепторами клетки, кроме того, этот эпитоп индуцирует высокий иммунный ответ. В клинических испытаниях кандидатной вакцины против ВИЧ/СПИД RV144 уровень вакцин-индуцированных антител к V1-/V2-региону обратно коррелировал с риском заражения ВИЧ. Отличительной особенностью ВИЧ является его высокая изменчивость. Использование консесусных последовательностей позволяет вызывать иммунный ответ широкой специфичности. Нами проведено исследование иммуногенных и биологических свойств синтетических пептидов, копирующих V1-, V2-, V3-петли оболочечного белка gp120 консенсусной последовательности вирусов группы М CON-S и последовательности V3-петлю российского изолята RUA022a2. Исследуемые пептиды специфически распознавались сыворотками ВИЧ-инфицированных людей в иммуноферментном анализе, что свидетельствует об их схожести с вирусным прототипом. Пептиды сами по себя являются слабыми иммуногенами, т.к. имеют низкую молекулярную массу. Поэтому для усиления иммунного ответа они вводились совместно с полным адъювантом Фрейнда. Иммунизация лабораторных животных вызывала образование антител на все пептиды, входящие в состав смеси, в основном IgG изотипа. Титр антител на каждый пептид зависел от его протяженности. Полученные в результате иммунизации антитела не обладали нейтрализующей активностью. Нейтрализующие свойства антител были изучены на модели псевдовирусной инфекции, используя молекулярные клоны вирусных изолятов CAP 45.2.00.G3 и QH.209.14.M.EnvA2. Нейтрализация вируса – достаточно сложный процесс, на который влияет ряд факторов: количество антител (титр), изотип антител, строение самих антител. Возможно, для индукции нейтрализующих антител данной смесью пептидных антигенов необходимо провести подбор иммуноадъювантов и способов иммунизации. Исследование биологической активности пептидов выявило, что они способны усиливать проникновение псевдовирусных частиц в клетку в модели in vitro. Исследование проводилось на молекулярных клонах вирусных изолятов CAP 45.2.00.G3, QH209.14M.ENV.A2, QD435.100M.ENV.E1. Данные вирусные изоляты относятся к разным субтипам ВИЧ1.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of HIV vaccine remains an important goal in prophylaxis and therapy of HIV/ AIDS epidemics. There are various approaches for development of а candidate vaccine based on induction of neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. Synthetic peptides are considered promising vaccine antigens since they are capable of activating both humoral and cellular immune response. HIV-1 envelope gp120 is the target for neutralizing antiviral antibodies. The V3 region of the HIV-1 gp120 is highly immunogenic and important for the virus-coreceptor interaction. In a RV144 vaccine trial, the levels of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies recognizing V1V2 regions from multiple HIV-1 subtypes show inverse correlations with a risk for HIV-1 infection. Meanwhile, HIV is characterized by high diversity. The consensus and mosaic immunogens are complete but artificial proteins, which are computationally designed to elicit immune responses with improved cross-reactive broadness. We have been studied immunogenic properties of synthetic peptides derived from V1, V2, V3 loop regions of the consensus M HIV1 (CON-S) sequence group of the gp 120 envelope protein and V3 loop derived from a Russian RUA022a2 isolate. These peptides specifically reacted to HIV-positive sera in ELISA, thus indicating their similarity to appropriate HIV proteins. The peptides proved to be weakly immunogenic. Therefore, Freund complete adjuvant was used to enhance peptide immunogenicity. To assess the immunogenicity, the mice were immunized with a peptide mixture. Antibodies have been developed to every peptide from the mixture, being, predominantly, of IgG isotype. The antibody titers depended on the length of peptide sequences. However, the sera from immunized mice did not have a HIV neutralizing activity. The serum neutralization was assessed by pseudovirus-based assay, using a molecular clone of virus isolates CAP 45.2.00.G3 and QH.209.14.M.EnvA2. The virus neutralization is a complex process and may be influenced by several factors, such as antibody titer, isotype, or antibody structure. Probably, to induce neutralizing antibodies by this peptide mixture, it is necessary to choose appropriate adjutants and immunization schedule. Moreover, it was shown that peptides could increase in vitro virus infectivity in pseudovirus-based model, using the CAP 45.2.00.G3, QH209.14M.ENV.A2, QD435.100M.ENV.E1 molecular clone. These viral isolates belong to different HIV-1 subtypes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>нейтрализующие антитела</kwd><kwd>усиление инфекции</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>neutralizing antibodies</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>infection enhancement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chavez L., Calvanese V., Verdin E. HIV Latency Is Established Directly and Early in Both Resting and Activated Primary CD4 T Cells. Plos Pathog., 2015, Vol. 11, no. 6, e1004955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chavez L., Calvanese V., Verdin E. HIV Latency Is Established Directly and Early in Both Resting and Activated Primary CD4 T Cells. 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