<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2015-6-553-560</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-962</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АДЕМЕТИОНИНА У БОЛЬНЫХ ДИАБЕТ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫМ ОСТЕОАРТРИТОМ: ПЕРЕКРЕСТНОЕ ПИЛОТНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ADEMETIONINE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES-ASSOCIATED OSTEOARTHRITIS: A CROSS-OVER PILOT STUDY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinsky</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической иммунофармакологии ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии», г. Новосибирск, Россия 630099, Россия, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ядринцевская, 14. Тел./факс: 8 (383) 228-25-47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopharmacology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 630099, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya str., 14. Phone/fax: 7 (383) 228-25-47</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ishirinsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазонова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazonova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, кафедра внутренних болезней, Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет; заведующая Городским диабетологическим центром, г. Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical University; Head, Novosibirsk City Diabetic Center, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиновская</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinovskaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической иммунофармакологии, ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии», г. Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Research Associate, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopharmacology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинский</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinsky</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией клинической иммунофармокологии ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии», г. Новосибирск, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Immunopharmacology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии», г. Новосибирск, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет», г. Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Городской диабетологический центр, г. Новосибирск, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk City Diabetic Center, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>553</fpage><lpage>560</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ширинский И.В., Сазонова О.В., Калиновская Н.Ю., Ширинский В.С., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ширинский И.В., Сазонова О.В., Калиновская Н.Ю., Ширинский В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shirinsky I.V., Sazonova O.V., Kalinovskaya N.Y., Shirinsky V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/962">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/962</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеоартрит (ОА) является наиболее распространенным ревматическим заболеванием, в настоящее время эффективная терапия ОА не разработана. Предполагается, что неудачи в лечении остеоартрита (ОА) обусловлены гетерогенностью заболевания, проявляющейся в формировании различных субтипов (фенотипов) ОА. Одним из предложенных фенотипов ОА является диабет-ассоциированный ОА. Ключевым механизмом, лежащим в основе воспалительных и дегенеративных изменений при ОА, является уменьшение метилирования ДНК в ряде клеток, которое также было продемонстрировано и при сахарном диабете 2 типа. Таким образом, фармакологическое повышение метилирования ДНК может быть эффективной стратегией лечения, оказывающего плейотропные эффекты при диабет-ассоциированном ОА. В рандомизированном перекрестном исследовании оценивалась эффективность и безопасность применения донора метильной группы адеметионина в сравнении с хондроитина сульфатом у больных с ОА, ассоциированным с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Пациенты случайно распределялись к последовательному приему хондроитина сульфата/адеметионан или адеметионина/хондроитина сульфата в течение 1 месяца, период отмывки составил 2 недели. Первичной конечной точкой был уровень боли по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ). Боль, функция и симптомы со стороны коленных, тазобедренных суставов и суставов кистей также оценивались по шкалам KOOS, WOMAC, FIHOA. Показатели общего состояния здоровья оценивались по шкале SF–36. Для оценки системного воспаления определяли содержание IL-6, IL-18 и СРБ в сыворотке ПК, с ИФА. Содержание биомаркеров деструкции хряща (аггрекана и антител к коллагену II типа) в сыворотке ПК оценивали методом ИФА. Уровень липидов в сыворотке ПК определяли стандартным методом, содержание гликированного гемоглобина – с использованием жидкостной хромотографии. В исследование было включено 10 пациентов (женщины 61,7-74,2 лет, ИМТ – 1,1-38,4 кг/м2). Установлено, что прием адеметионина оказывает статистически значимый анальгетический эффект (снижение уровня боли по ВАШ), улучшает функцию коленных суставов и уменьшает выраженность симптомов в коленных (по субшкалам KOOS), не влияет на биомаркеры системного воспаления, деструкции хрящевой ткани. Не изменилось также содержание липидов и гликированного гемоглобина. Адеметионин хорошо переносился, серьезных нежелательных явлений за время терапии не зарегистрировано. Заключается, что адеметионин не обладает плейотропным фармакологическим действием при диабет-ассоциированном ОА и возможность его использования при коморбидной патологии требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of most common rheumatic diseases, and currently there is no effective pharmacological treatment of OA. It has been suggested that lack of effective treatment is, in part, due to the disease heterogeneity which may lead to development of several OA subtypes (phenotypes). Diabetes-associated OA is among the proposed OA phenotypes. The key mechanism involved into inflammatory and degenerative changes in OA is a decrease in DNA methylation suggested for several cell types, that was also demonstrated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, pharmacological increase of DNA methylation may be an effective treatment strategy which may exert pleiotropic effects in diabetes-associated OA. In a randomized crossover study, we have evaluated efficacy and safety of ademetionine, a methyl group donor, in comparison with chondroitine sulfate in patients with OA associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patients were randomly assigned to sequential treatment of chondroitine sulfate/ademetionine or ademetionine/chondroitine sulfate during one month, with a washout period of 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was pain measured according to visual analogue scale (VAS). Painful symptoms, as well as function and disease signs in knee, hip and hand joints were also assessed with KOOS, WOMAC, and FIHOA scales. General performance was assessed with SF–36 scale. To evaluate systemic inflammation, we measured serum IL-6, IL-18, adiponectin, and CRP using ELISA technique. Concentrations of serum cartilage destruction biomarkers (aggrecan and antibodies to collagen type II) were assessed by ELISA. Serum lipid levels were measured with standard method; glycated hemoglobin was assessed with liquid chromatography. Ten patients (all women, age 61.7-74.2 year with BMI of 1.1-38.4 kg/m2) were included in the study. It has been demonstrated that ademetionine showed a statistically significant analgetic effect (decrease in VAS pain), improved knee function and reduced symptoms in knee joints (as measured by KOOS subscales), and did not influence the levels of systemic inflammation or cartilage destruction biomarkers. There was also no change in lipid levels and glycated hemoglobin concentrations. Ademetionine was well tolerated, no serious adverse events occurred during the treatment. In conclusion, ademetionine does not have pleiotropic pharmacological effects in diabetes-associated OA. Its potential application in cases of different comorbidities requires further studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>адеметионин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>ademetionine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Л.И., Зайцева Е.М. Перспективные направления терапии остеоартроза // Научно-практическая ревматология, 2014. Т. 52, № 3. С. 247-250. [Alexeeva L.I., Zaitseva E.M. Perspective directions of osteoarthritis therapy. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice, 2014, Vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 247-250. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алексеева Л.И., Зайцева Е.М. Перспективные направления терапии остеоартроза // Научно-практическая ревматология, 2014. Т. 52, № 3. С. 247-250. [Alexeeva L.I., Zaitseva E.M. Perspective directions of osteoarthritis therapy. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice, 2014, Vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 247-250. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анкудинов А.С. Проблемы сердечно сосудистой коморбидности при остеоартрозе // Современные проблемы ревматологии, 2013. № 5. С. 22-31. [Ankudinov A.S. Problems cardiovascular comorbidity in osteoarthritis. Sovremennye problemy revmatologii = Modern Problems in Rheumatology, 2013, no. 5, pp. 22-31. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Анкудинов А.С. Проблемы сердечно сосудистой коморбидности при остеоартрозе // Современные проблемы ревматологии, 2013. № 5. С. 22-31. [Ankudinov A.S. Problems cardiovascular comorbidity in osteoarthritis. Sovremennye problemy revmatologii = Modern Problems in Rheumatology, 2013, no. 5, pp. 22-31. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березняков И.Г., Корж И.В. Остеоартроз, артериальная гипертензия и ожирение: проблемы коморбидности // Международный медицинский журнал, 2012. № 4. С. 78-81. [Bereznyakov I.G., Korzh I.V. Osteoarthrosis, arterial hypertendion, and obesity: comorbidity problem. Mezhdunarodnyy meditsinskiy zhurnal = The International Medical Journal, 2012, no. 4, pp. 78-81.(In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Березняков И.Г., Корж И.В. Остеоартроз, артериальная гипертензия и ожирение: проблемы коморбидности // Международный медицинский журнал, 2012. № 4. С. 78-81. [Bereznyakov I.G., Korzh I.V. Osteoarthrosis, arterial hypertendion, and obesity: comorbidity problem. Mezhdunarodnyy meditsinskiy zhurnal = The International Medical Journal, 2012, no. 4, pp. 78-81.(In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головкина Е. С. Течение гонартроза и коксартроза на фоне сахарного диабета // Боль. Суставы. Позвоночник, 2012. Т.4, № 8. С. 34-38. [Golovkina E.S. The course of gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Bol`. Sustavy. Pozvonochnik = Pain. Joints. Spine, 2012, Vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 34-38. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Головкина Е. С. Течение гонартроза и коксартроза на фоне сахарного диабета // Боль. Суставы. Позвоночник, 2012. Т.4, № 8. С. 34-38. [Golovkina E.S. The course of gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Bol`. Sustavy. Pozvonochnik = Pain. Joints. Spine, 2012, Vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 34-38. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов Л. Н., Насонова В. А. Ожирение и остеоартроз // Научно-практическая ревматология, 2010. № 3. С. 48-51. [Denisov L.N., Nasonova V.A. Ozhirenie i osteoartroz. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice, 2011, no. 3, pp. 48-52. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Денисов Л. Н., Насонова В. А. Ожирение и остеоартроз // Научно-практическая ревматология, 2010. № 3. С. 48-51. [Denisov L.N., Nasonova V.A. Ozhirenie i osteoartroz. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice, 2011, no. 3, pp. 48-52. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наумов А.В., Верткин А.Л., Алексеева Л. И., Шамуплова М.М., Мендель О.А., Лучихина А.В. Остеоартроз и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Общие факторы риска и клинико-патогенетические взаимосвязи // Профилактическая медицина, 2010. № 3. С. 35-41. [Naumov A.V., Vertkin A.L., Alexeev L.I., Shamuplova M.M., Mendel O.A., Luchikhina A.V. Osteoarthrosis and cardiovascular diseases. Overall risk factors and clinical and pathogenetic relationships. Therapy optimization. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = Preventive Medicine, 2010, no. 3, pp. 35-41. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Наумов А.В., Верткин А.Л., Алексеева Л. И., Шамуплова М.М., Мендель О.А., Лучихина А.В. Остеоартроз и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Общие факторы риска и клинико-патогенетические взаимосвязи // Профилактическая медицина, 2010. № 3. С. 35-41. [Naumov A.V., Vertkin A.L., Alexeev L.I., Shamuplova M.M., Mendel O.A., Luchikhina A.V. Osteoarthrosis and cardiovascular diseases. Overall risk factors and clinical and pathogenetic relationships. Therapy optimization. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = Preventive Medicine, 2010, no. 3, pp. 35-41. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подымова С.Д. Адеметионин: фармакологические эффекты и клиническое применение препарата // Русский медицинский журнал, 2010. Т. 18. С. 800-805. [Podymova S.D. Ademetionine: pharmacological effects and clinical use of the drug. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Russian Medical Journal, 2010, Vol. 18, pp. 800-805. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Подымова С.Д. Адеметионин: фармакологические эффекты и клиническое применение препарата // Русский медицинский журнал, 2010. Т. 18. С. 800-805. [Podymova S.D. Ademetionine: pharmacological effects and clinical use of the drug. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Russian Medical Journal, 2010, Vol. 18, pp. 800-805. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Птицина С.Н. Уникальная роль адеметионина в метаболизме клетки и его фармакологический потенциал // Фарматека, 2010. № 20. С. 26-34. [Ptitsina S.N. Unique Role Of Ademetionine In Cell Metabolism And Its Pharmacological Potential. Farmateka = Pharmateca, 2010, no. 20, pp. 26-34. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Птицина С.Н. Уникальная роль адеметионина в метаболизме клетки и его фармакологический потенциал // Фарматека, 2010. № 20. С. 26-34. [Ptitsina S.N. Unique Role Of Ademetionine In Cell Metabolism And Its Pharmacological Potential. Farmateka = Pharmateca, 2010, no. 20, pp. 26-34. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширинский В.С., Ширинский И.В. Коморбидные заболевания – актуальная проблема клинической медицины // Сибирский медицинский журнал, 2014. Т. 29., № 1. С. 7-12. [Shirinsky V.S., Shirinsky I.V. Coborbid diseases as an important problem of clinical medicine. Sibirskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = The Siberian Medical Journal, 2014, Vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 7-12. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ширинский В.С., Ширинский И.В. Коморбидные заболевания – актуальная проблема клинической медицины // Сибирский медицинский журнал, 2014. Т. 29., № 1. С. 7-12. [Shirinsky V.S., Shirinsky I.V. Coborbid diseases as an important problem of clinical medicine. Sibirskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = The Siberian Medical Journal, 2014, Vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 7-12. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellamy N., Buchanan W.W., Goldsmith C.H., Campbell J., Stitt L.W. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic Drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J. Rheumatol., 1988, no. 15, pp. 1833-1840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellamy N., Buchanan W.W., Goldsmith C.H., Campbell J., Stitt L.W. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic Drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J. Rheumatol., 1988, no. 15, pp. 1833-1840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berenbaum F. Diabetes – induced osteoarthritis from a new paradigm to a new phenotype. Ann. Rheum. Diseases, 2011, Vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 1354-1356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berenbaum F. Diabetes – induced osteoarthritis from a new paradigm to a new phenotype. Ann. Rheum. Diseases, 2011, Vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 1354-1356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bressa G.M. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Acta Neuro Scand., 1994, no. 89, pp. 4-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bressa G.M. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Acta Neuro Scand., 1994, no. 89, pp. 4-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chubinskaya S., Otten L., Soeder S., Borgia J.A., Aigner T., Rueger D.C., Loeser R.F. Regulation of chondrocyte gene expression by osteogenic protein-1. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2011, Vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 2-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chubinskaya S., Otten L., Soeder S., Borgia J.A., Aigner T., Rueger D.C., Loeser R.F. Regulation of chondrocyte gene expression by osteogenic protein-1. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2011, Vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 2-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dreiser R.L., Macheu E., Guillou G.B. Validation of an algofunctional index for the Hand. Rev. Rheum. Engl. Ed., 1995, no. 6, pp. 435-535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreiser R.L., Macheu E., Guillou G.B. Validation of an algofunctional index for the Hand. Rev. Rheum. Engl. Ed., 1995, no. 6, pp. 435-535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldring M.B., Kenneth B.M. Epigenomic and microRNA-mediated regulation in cartilage development, homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Trends Mol. Med., 2012, Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 109-118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldring M.B., Kenneth B.M. Epigenomic and microRNA-mediated regulation in cartilage development, homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Trends Mol. Med., 2012, Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 109-118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzales A. Osteoarthritis year 2013 in review: genetics and genomics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013, Vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1443-1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzales A. Osteoarthritis year 2013 in review: genetics and genomics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013, Vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1443-1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin C.J., Park H.K., Cho Y.M., Pak Y.K., Lee K.U., Kim M.S. S-adenosyl-L-methionine increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA density and whole body insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats. J. Nutr., 2007, Vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 339-344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin C.J., Park H.K., Cho Y.M., Pak Y.K., Lee K.U., Kim M.S. S-adenosyl-L-methionine increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA density and whole body insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats. J. Nutr., 2007, Vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 339-344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin E.H., Katon W., Von Korff M., Tang L., Williams J.W., Jr. Kroenke. Effect of improving depression care on pain and functional outcomes among older adults with arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2003, Vol. 290, no. 18, pp. 2428-2429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin E.H., Katon W., Von Korff M., Tang L., Williams J.W., Jr. Kroenke. Effect of improving depression care on pain and functional outcomes among older adults with arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2003, Vol. 290, no. 18, pp. 2428-2429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAlindon T.E., Bannuru R.R., Sullivan M.C., Arden N.K., Berenbaum F., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M., Hawker G.A., Henrotin Y., Hunter D.J., Kawaguchi H., Kwoh K., Lohmander S., Rannou F., Roos E.M., Underwood M. ОARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, Vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 363-388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAlindon T.E., Bannuru R.R., Sullivan M.C., Arden N.K., Berenbaum F., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M., Hawker G.A., Henrotin Y., Hunter D.J., Kawaguchi H., Kwoh K., Lohmander S., Rannou F., Roos E.M., Underwood M. ОARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, Vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 363-388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Najm W.I., Reinsch S., Hoehler F., Tobis J.S., Harvey P.W. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms: a double-blind cross-over trial. Musculoskelet Disord., 2004, Vol. 5, pp. 1471-2474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Najm W.I., Reinsch S., Hoehler F., Tobis J.S., Harvey P.W. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms: a double-blind cross-over trial. Musculoskelet Disord., 2004, Vol. 5, pp. 1471-2474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poirier L.A., Brown A.T., Fink L.M., Wise C.K., Randolph C.J., Delongchamp R.R. Blood S-adenosylmethionine concentrations and lymphocyte methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism, 2001, Vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 1014-1018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poirier L.A., Brown A.T., Fink L.M., Wise C.K., Randolph C.J., Delongchamp R.R. Blood S-adenosylmethionine concentrations and lymphocyte methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism, 2001, Vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 1014-1018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pöschl E., Fidler A., Schmidt B., Kallipolitou A., Schmid E., Aigner T. DNA methylation is not likely to be responsible for aggrecan down regulation in aged or osteoarthritic cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2005, Vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 477-480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pöschl E., Fidler A., Schmidt B., Kallipolitou A., Schmid E., Aigner T. DNA methylation is not likely to be responsible for aggrecan down regulation in aged or osteoarthritic cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2005, Vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 477-480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reginster J.-Y., Badurski J., Bellamy N. Efficacy and safety of strontium ranelatein the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results of a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013, Vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 179-186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reginster J.-Y., Badurski J., Bellamy N. Efficacy and safety of strontium ranelatein the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results of a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013, Vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 179-186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rintelen B., Neumann K., Leeb B.F. A meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies with diacerhein in the treatment osteoarthritis. Arch. Int. Med., 2006, no. 166, pp. 1899-1906.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rintelen B., Neumann K., Leeb B.F. A meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies with diacerhein in the treatment osteoarthritis. Arch. Int. Med., 2006, no. 166, pp. 1899-1906.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roach H.I., Aigner T. DNA methylation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: a new molecular target. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2007, no. 15, pp. 128-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roach H.I., Aigner T. DNA methylation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: a new molecular target. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2007, no. 15, pp. 128-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roach H.I., Yamada N., Cheung K.S., Tilley S., Clarke N.M., Oreffo R.O., Kokubun S., Bronner F.H., Yamada N., Cheung K.S., Tilley S., Clarke N.M., Oreffo R.O., Kokubun S., Bronner F. Association between the abnormal expression of matrix-degrading enzymes by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and demethylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter regions. Arthritis Rheum., 2005, Vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 3110-3124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roach H.I., Yamada N., Cheung K.S., Tilley S., Clarke N.M., Oreffo R.O., Kokubun S., Bronner F.H., Yamada N., Cheung K.S., Tilley S., Clarke N.M., Oreffo R.O., Kokubun S., Bronner F. Association between the abnormal expression of matrix-degrading enzymes by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and demethylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter regions. Arthritis Rheum., 2005, Vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 3110-3124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roos E.M.,Roos H.P., Lohmander L.S., Ekdahl C., Beynnon B.D. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)-development of a self-administered outcome measure. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., 1998, no. 28, pp. 88-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roos E.M.,Roos H.P., Lohmander L.S., Ekdahl C., Beynnon B.D. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)-development of a self-administered outcome measure. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., 1998, no. 28, pp. 88-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutjes A.W., Nuesch E., Reichenbach S., Juni P. S-Adenosylmethionine for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2009, no. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutjes A.W., Nuesch E., Reichenbach S., Juni P. S-Adenosylmethionine for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2009, no. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirinsky I.V., Shirinsky V.S. Treatment of erosive osteoarthritis with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist fenofibrate: a pilot study. Rheumatol. Int., 2014, Vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 613-616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirinsky I.V., Shirinsky V.S. Treatment of erosive osteoarthritis with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist fenofibrate: a pilot study. Rheumatol. Int., 2014, Vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 613-616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simar D., Versteyhe S., Donkin I., Liu J., Hesson L., Nylander V., Fossum A., Barrès R. ‘DNA methylation is altered in B and NK lymphocytes in obese and type 2 diabetic human. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 2014, Vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 1188-1197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simar D., Versteyhe S., Donkin I., Liu J., Hesson L., Nylander V., Fossum A., Barrès R. ‘DNA methylation is altered in B and NK lymphocytes in obese and type 2 diabetic human. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 2014, Vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 1188-1197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trifonova E.P., Shirinsky I.V., Sasonova O.V., Shirinsky V.S. Clinical and laboratory correlates of diabetes –induced knee osteoarthritis severity. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2013, Suppl. 3, p. 971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trifonova E.P., Shirinsky I.V., Sasonova O.V., Shirinsky V.S. Clinical and laboratory correlates of diabetes –induced knee osteoarthritis severity. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2013, Suppl. 3, p. 971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ware J.E. The MOS 36 – item Short – Form Health Survey. Medical Care, 1992, Vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 473-483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ware J.E. The MOS 36 – item Short – Form Health Survey. Medical Care, 1992, Vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 473-483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
