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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2015-2-109-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВРОЖДЕННОГО И АДАПТИВНОГО ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ РАЗНЫХ ФЛАВИВИРУСНЫХ ВАКЦИН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FORMATION OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория флавивирусных инфекций, ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.П. Сомова» Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Flavivirus Infections, G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krylovanatalya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.П. Сомова» Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук&#13;
690087, Россия, г. Владивосток, ул. Сельская, 1. Тел.: 8 (423) 244-26-04.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences,&#13;
690087, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Selskaya str., 1.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крылова Н.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крылова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krylova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/828">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/828</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре в сравнительном аспекте рассматриваются ключевые моменты формирования врожденного и адаптивного иммунного ответа на разные типы современных флавивирусных вакцин: живой аттенуированной против вируса желтой лихорадки и инактивированной цельновирионной против вируса клещевого энцефалита. Особое внимание уделено различной способности этих вакцин, содержащих в своем составе экзогенные патоген-ассоциированные молекулярные структуры, стимулировать врожденный иммунитет. Живая аттенуированная вакцина, инфицируя несколько субтипов дендритных клеток, активирует их через различные паттерн-распознающие рецепторы, такие как Tollи RIG-I-подобные рецепторы, что приводит к значительной продукции провоспалительных цитокинов, в том числе интерферона-α – основного противовирусного медиатора врожденного иммунитета. Моделируя естественную вирусную инфекцию, эта вакцина быстро распространяется по сосудистой сети, активированные ею дендритные клетки мигрируют к дренирующим лимфоузлам и запускают несколько очагов Ти В-клеточной активации. Инактивированная вакцина стимулирует врожденный иммунитет преимущественно в месте введения и для достаточной активации требует в своем составе наличия адъюванта (гидроокиси алюминия), под действием которого происходит формирование и активация инфламмасом, обеспечивающих образование и секрецию интерлейкина-1β и интерлейкина-18, запускающих в свою очередь каскады клеточных и гуморальных врожденных иммунных реакций. Продемонстрирована возможность участия в индукции врожденного иммунитета, опосредованного инактивированной вакциной, эндогенных патоген-ассоциированных молекулярных структур (мочевой кислоты и ДНК клеток организма), образующихся в месте инъекции вакцины. Обсуждается запуск флавивирусными вакцинами Ви Т-клеточных ответов, обусловливающих различную длительность защиты против патогенов. Однократное введение живой вакцины против вируса желтой лихорадки индуцирует поливалентный адаптивный иммунный ответ, включающий продукцию цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов, Th1и Th2-клеток и нейтрализующих антител, которые могут сохраняться до 40 лет после вакцинации. Для индукции и поддержания протективного иммунитета, опосредованного инактивированной вакциной против вируса клещевого энцефалита, требуются: трехкратная иммунизация, которая приводит к продукции, главным образом, вируснейтрализующих антител, и последующие ревакцинации каждые 3 года. Рассматривается потенциальная возможность применения данных об иммунологических механизмах действия существующих вакцин для создания новых высокоэффективных вакцин.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review examines in a comparative perspective the key moments of formation of innate and adaptive immune responses to different types of current flavivirus vaccines: live attenuated against yellow fever virus and inactivated whole virus against tick-borne encephalitis virus. Particular attention is paid to the ability of these different vaccines, containing exogenous pathogen-associated molecular structures, to stimulate innate immunity. Live attenuated vaccine by infecting several subtypes of dendritic cells activates them through various pattern-recognition receptors, such as Tolland RIG-I-like receptors, which leads to significant production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-α primary mediator of innate antiviral immunity. By simulating natural viral infection, this vaccine quickly spreads over the vascular network, and the dendritic cells, activated by it, migrate to the draining lymph nodes and trigger multiple foci of Tand B-cell activation. Inactivated vaccine stimulates the innate immunity predominantly at the injection site, and for the sufficient activation requires the presence in its composition of an adjuvant (aluminum hydroxide), which effects the formation and activation of inflammasomes, ensuring the formation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 that, in turn, trigger a cascade of cellular and humoral innate immune responses. We demonstrated the possibility of involvement in the induction of innate immunity, mediated by the inactivated vaccine, endogenous pathogenassociated molecular patterns (uric acid and host cell DNA), forming at the vaccine injection site. We discuss the triggering of Band T-cell responses by flavivirus vaccines that determine various duration of protection against various pathogens. A single injection of the live vaccine against yellow fever virus induces polyvalent adaptive immune response, including the production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, Th1and Th2-cells and neutralizing antibodies, which may persist for up to 40 years after the vaccination. To induce and maintain protective immunity, mediated by the inactivated vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis virus, it is required: triple immunization, which results in the production primarily of neutralizing antibodies, and subsequent booster injections every 3 years. We considered the potential use of the data on immunological mechanisms of action of current vaccines to generate new highly efficient vaccines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцины против флавивирусов</kwd><kwd>врожденная иммунная система</kwd><kwd>адаптивный иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>flavivirus vaccines</kwd><kwd>innate immune system</kwd><kwd>adaptive immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьева М.С., Расщепкина М.Н., Ладыженская И.П. Вакцины, иммуноглобулины и тест-системы для профилактики и диагностирования клещевого энцефалита // Вопросы вирусологии, 2007. Т. 52. С. 3036. [Vorob’yeva M.S., Rasschepkina M.N., Ladyzhenskaya I.P. Vaccines, immunoglobulins and test systems for the prevention and diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis. 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