mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2014-2-107-126mimmun-677Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSИММУНОМОДУЛИРУЮЩАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТРОМАЛЬНЫХ (СТВОЛОВЫХ) КЛЕТОКIMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF MESENCHIMAL STROMAL (STEM) CELLSКлимовичВ. Б.KlimovichV. B.

д.м.н., профессор, руководитель лаборатории гибридомной технологии ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, Санкт-Петербург

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Laboratory of Hybridoma Technologies, Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg

vklimovich@gmail.comФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий» Министерства здравоохранения РФ, Санкт-ПетербургРоссияRussian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health Care, St. PetersburgRussian Federation201401082014162107126Copyright © Климович В.Б., 20142014Климович В.Б.Klimovich V.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/677

Мезенхимальными стромальными, или стволовыми, клетками (МСК) называют примитивные фибробластоподобные клетки, способные дифференцироваться в элементы соединительной ткани (остеоциты, хондроциты, адипоциты), скелетных мышц и кровеносных сосудов. В обзоре изложены современные представления о происхождении МСК, их иммунофенотипе и иммуногенности. Изучаемая в течение последних 10 лет способность МСК выступать в качестве модуляторов иммунного ответа проявляется в подавлении активности факторов врожденного иммунитета (дендритных клеток, естественных киллеров, комплемента), функций цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов и Т-хелперов, а также в активации регуляторных Т-клеток. Особое внимание уделено анализу противоречивых сведений о влиянии МСК на активность В-лимфоцитов и плазматических клеток-продуцентов антител в экспериментах in vitro и in vivo. Имеющиеся данные не позволяют объяснить выявленные противоречия. В будущих исследованиях следует учитывать принадлежность В-лимфоцитов к субпопуляциям В1а, В1b или В2-клеток, существование среди них малоизученных регуляторных В-лимфоцитов, а также возможную гетерогенность исходных культур МСК, получаемых в соответствии с первоначально принятыми протоколами.

Mesenchymal stromal or stem cells (MSC) represent a population of primitive fibroblastlike cells that are able to differentiate into cellular lineages of connective tissue (osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes), skeletal muscles, and blood vessels. The review deals with contemporary views concerning descent, immunophenotype and immunogenicity of MSC. The studies over last decade revealed an ability of MSC to function as immunomodulatory populations which may suppress innate immunity factors (dendritic cells, natural killers, complement), as well as T-helpers and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, along with activation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). Special attention is given to analysis of conflicting data about influence of MSC on functions of B-lymphocytes and plasma cells in experimental settings, both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Data presently available are insufficient to explain the controversions revealed. In future investigations, it is necessary to consider attribution of B-cells to B1a, B1b, or B2 subpopulations as well as possible presence of poorly studied regulatory B-cells. It is also important also to take into account potential heterogeneity of initial MSC populations being isolated according to previously approved protocols. (Med. Immunol., 2014, vol. 16, N 2, pp 107-126)

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.