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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2013-1-21-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНГИБИТОРНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ДЕЙСТВИЯ МУРАМИЛПЕПТИДНОГО ИММУНОМОДУЛЯТОРА «ПОЛИМУРАМИЛ»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>APPLICATION OF INHIBITOR  ANALYSIS FOR STUDYING MECHANISMS  AND  ACTIONS OF POLYMURAMYL, A MURAMYL PEPTIDE-BASED IMMUNE MODULATOR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пащенков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashenkov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник,Институт иммунологии, лаборатория  клинической иммунологии</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24, корп. 2. Тел.: (499) 617-76-49. Факс: (499) 617-10-27.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvpashenkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алхазова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhazova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mvpashenkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Львов</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>L'vov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mvpashenkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинегин</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinegin</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mvpashenkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГНЦ «Институт иммунологии ФМБА России», Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пащенков М.В., Алхазова Б.И., Львов В.Л., Пинегин Б.В., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пащенков М.В., Алхазова Б.И., Львов В.Л., Пинегин Б.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pashenkov M.V., Alkhazova B.I., L'vov V.L., Pinegin B.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/59">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/59</self-uri><abstract><p>С  помощью ингибиторного анализа исследованы механизмы действия двух мурамил-пептидов, входящих в состав препарата «Полимурамил»: 1) N-ацетил-D-глюкозаминил-(β1→4)-N-ацетил-D-мурамоил-L-аланил-D-изоглютаминил-мезо-диаминопимелиновой кислоты (ГМтри); 2) димерного мурамилпептида (диГМтетра), в котором два мономера [N-ацетил-D-глюкозаминил-(β1→4)-N ацетил-D-мурамоил-L-аланил-D-изоглютаминил-мезо-диаминопимелоил-D-аланин] соединены путем амидной связи между карбоксильной группой терминального D-аланина одного мономера и ω-аминогруппой мезо-диаминопимелиновой кислоты другого мономера. Продукция фактора некроза опухолей макрофагами (МФ) человека, стимулированными  in vitro ГМтри  и диГМтетра, подавлялась веществами SB203580 (ингибитор киназы RIP2), генистеином (ингибитор протеинтирозинкиназ) и BAY 11-7082 (ингибитор IκB-киназы). Ответ на диГМтетра, кроме того, подавлялся дайнасором (ингибитор клатрин-зависимого эндоцитоза) и коктейлем ингибиторов протеаз широкого спектра действия. Таким образом, активирующее влияние компонентов «Полимурамила» на МФ обеспечиваются минимум тремя биологическими процессами: 1) клатрин-зависимым эндоцитозом; 2) пептидазным процессингом диГМтетра; 3) активацией сигнальной цепочки «RIP2 – IκB-киназа — фактор транскрипции NF-κB»</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In present study, the following low-MW inhibitors were used to dissect mechanisms of action for two muramyl peptide components of Polymuramyl, an immunomodulatory drug: (1) N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(β1→4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (GMtri); (2) a dimeric   muramyl peptide (diGMtetra), wherein two monomers [N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(β1→4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanin] are linked via an amide bond between the carboxyl group of terminal D-alanin at one monomer and the ω-amino group of meso-diaminopimelic acid at another monomer. In vitro production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by human macrophages stimulated with GMtri or diGMtetra was shown to be inhibited by SB203580 (a RIP2 kinase inhibitor), genistein (a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and BAY 11-7082 (an IκB-kinase inhibitor). Moreover, response to diGMtetra was inhibited by dynasore (an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis), as well as by a broad-range protease-inhibiting cocktail. Thus, activating effects upon macrophages induced by the Polymuramyl components is provided by, at least, three biological processes: (1) clathrin-dependent endocytosis; (2) peptidase-mediated processing of diGMtetra; 3) activation of a signal chain RIP2 – IκB-kinase – NF-κB transcription factor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мурамилпептиды</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>SB203580</kwd><kwd>генистеин</kwd><kwd>фактор некроза опухолей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>muramyl peptides</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>SB203580</kwd><kwd>genistein</kwd><kwd>tumor necrosis factor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пащенков М.В., Попилюк С.Ф., Алхазова Б.И., Львов В.Л., Феденко Е.С., Хаитов Р.М., Пинегин Б.В. 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