mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-2005-5-6-477-488mimmun-585Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПРИРОДА АЛЛОГЕННОГО ОТВЕТАORIGINS OF ALLOGENEIC RESPONSEКазанскийД. Б.KazanskiiD. B.
115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 24
kazansky@dataforce.netГУ Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н. Н. Блохина РАМН, МоскваРоссия20052307201475-6477488Copyright © Казанский Д.Б., 20142014Казанский Д.Б.Kazanskii D.B.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/585MHCтимусаллореактивностьтолерантностьтрансплантатMHC moleculestymusalloreactivitytolerancegraftРФФИReferencesКазанский Д.Б., Побезинский Л.А., Терещенко Т.С. Мотивы в первичной структуре молекул MHC класса I и их использование для создания синтетических лигандов Т–клеточных рецепторов // Вестник РАМН. — 2004. — N12. — C.25–32.Казанский Д.Б., Побезинский Л.А., Терещенко Т.С. Мотивы в первичной структуре молекул MHC класса I и их использование для создания синтетических лигандов Т–клеточных рецепторов // Вестник РАМН. — 2004. — N12. — C.25–32.Alexander–Miller M.A., Burke K., Koszinowski U.H., Hansen T.H., Connolly J.M. Alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in the presence of viralderived peptides show exquisite peptide and MHC specificity // J. Immunol. — 1993. — Vol.151. — N1. — P.1–10.Alexander–Miller M.A., Burke K., Koszinowski U.H., Hansen T.H., Connolly J.M. Alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in the presence of viralderived peptides show exquisite peptide and MHC specificity // J. Immunol. — 1993. — Vol.151. — N1. — P.1–10.Arsov I., Vukmanovic S. Dual MHC class I and class II restriction of a single T cell receptor: distinct modes of tolerance induction by two classes of autoantigens // J. Immunol. — 1999. — Vol.162. — N. 4. — P. 2008–2015.Arsov I., Vukmanovic S. Dual MHC class I and class II restriction of a single T cell receptor: distinct modes of tolerance induction by two classes of autoantigens // J. Immunol. — 1999. — Vol.162. — N. 4. — P. 2008–2015.Ashton–Rickardt P.G., Bandeira A., Delaney J.R., Van Kaer L., Pircher H.P., Zinkernagel R.M., Tonegawa S. Evidence for a differential avidity model of T cell selection in the thymus // Cell. — 1994. — Vol.76. — N4. — P. 651–663.Ashton–Rickardt P.G., Bandeira A., Delaney J.R., Van Kaer L., Pircher H.P., Zinkernagel R.M., Tonegawa S. Evidence for a differential avidity model of T cell selection in the thymus // Cell. — 1994. — Vol.76. — N4. — P. 651–663.Benichou G. Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection // Front. Biosci. — 1999. — Vol.4. — P. D476–480.Benichou G. Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection // Front. Biosci. — 1999. — Vol.4. — P. D476–480.Benichou G., Valujskikh A., Heeger P.S. Contributions of direct and indirect T cell alloreactivity during allograft rejection in mice // J. Immunol. — 1999. — Vol.162. — N1. — P. 352–358.Benichou G., Valujskikh A., Heeger P.S. Contributions of direct and indirect T cell alloreactivity during allograft rejection in mice // J. Immunol. — 1999. — Vol.162. — N1. — P. 352–358.Bevan M.J. Cross–priming for a secondary cytotoxic response to minor H antigens with H–2 congenic cells which do not cross–react in the cytotoxic assay // J. Exp. Med. — 1976. — Vol.143. — P.1283–1288.Bevan M.J. Cross–priming for a secondary cytotoxic response to minor H antigens with H–2 congenic cells which do not cross–react in the cytotoxic assay // J. Exp. Med. — 1976. — Vol.143. — P.1283–1288.Brondz B. D., Kazansky D. B., Chernysheva A. D., Ivanov V. S. Peptides of a major histocompatibility complex class I (Kb) molecule cause prolongation of skin graft survival and induce specific down–regulatory T cells demonstrable in the mixed lymphocyte reaction // Immunology. — 1995. — Vol.86. — P.219–223.Brondz B. D., Kazansky D. B., Chernysheva A. D., Ivanov V. S. Peptides of a major histocompatibility complex class I (Kb) molecule cause prolongation of skin graft survival and induce specific down–regulatory T cells demonstrable in the mixed lymphocyte reaction // Immunology. — 1995. — Vol.86. — P.219–223.Chicz R.M., Urban R.G., Gorga J.C., Vignali D.A., Lane W.S., Strominger J.L. Specificity and promiscuity among naturally processed peptides bound to HLA–DR alleles // J. Exp. Med. — 1993. — Vol.178. — N1. — P.27–47.Chicz R.M., Urban R.G., Gorga J.C., Vignali D.A., Lane W.S., Strominger J.L. Specificity and promiscuity among naturally processed peptides bound to HLA–DR alleles // J. Exp. Med. — 1993. — Vol.178. — N1. — P.27–47.Benichou G., Fedoseyeva E., Lehmann P.V., Olson C.A., Geysen H.M., McMillan M., Sercarz E.E. Limited T cell response to donor MHC peptides during allograft rejection. Implications for selective immune therapy in transplantation // J. Immunol. — 1994. — Vol.153. — N3. — P.938–945.Benichou G., Fedoseyeva E., Lehmann P.V., Olson C.A., Geysen H.M., McMillan M., Sercarz E.E. Limited T cell response to donor MHC peptides during allograft rejection. Implications for selective immune therapy in transplantation // J. Immunol. — 1994. — Vol.153. — N3. — P.938–945.Benichou G., Fedoseyeva E.V. The contribution of peptides to T cell allorecognition and allograft rejection // Int. Rev. Immunol. — 1996. — Vol.13. — N3.P.231–243.Benichou G., Fedoseyeva E.V. The contribution of peptides to T cell allorecognition and allograft rejection // Int. Rev. Immunol. — 1996. — Vol.13. — N3.P.231–243.Boisgerault F., Liu Y., Anosova N., Ehrlich E., Dana M.R., Benichou G. Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in allorecognition: lessons from corneal transplantation // J. Immunol. — 2001. — Vol.167. — N4. — P.1891–1899.Boisgerault F., Liu Y., Anosova N., Ehrlich E., Dana M.R., Benichou G. Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in allorecognition: lessons from corneal transplantation // J. Immunol. — 2001. — Vol.167. — N4. — P.1891–1899.Chervonsky A.V., Golovkina T.V., Ross S.R., Janeway C.A. Jr. Differences in the avidity of TCR interactions with a superantigenic ligand affect negative selection but do not allow positive selection // J. Immunol. — 1995. — Vol.155. — N11. — P.5115–5123.Chervonsky A.V., Golovkina T.V., Ross S.R., Janeway C.A. Jr. Differences in the avidity of TCR interactions with a superantigenic ligand affect negative selection but do not allow positive selection // J. Immunol. — 1995. — Vol.155. — N11. — P.5115–5123.Clark S.P., Arden B., Kabelitz D., Mak T.W. Comparison of human and mouse T–cell receptor variable gene segment subfamilies // Immunogenetics.1995. — Vol.42. — N6. — P.531–540.Clark S.P., Arden B., Kabelitz D., Mak T.W. Comparison of human and mouse T–cell receptor variable gene segment subfamilies // Immunogenetics.1995. — Vol.42. — N6. — P.531–540.Criscitiello M.F., Wermenstam N.E., Pilstrom L., McKinney E.C. Allelic polymorphism of T–cell receptor constant domains is widespread in fishes // Immunogenetics. — 2004. — Vol.55. — N12. — P.818–824.Criscitiello M.F., Wermenstam N.E., Pilstrom L., McKinney E.C. Allelic polymorphism of T–cell receptor constant domains is widespread in fishes // Immunogenetics. — 2004. — Vol.55. — N12. — P.818–824.Davis M.M., Boniface J.J., Reich Z., Lyons D., Hampl J., Arden B., and Chien Y.–h. Ligand recognition by αβ T cell receptors // Annu. Rev. Immunol.1998. — Vol.16. — P.523–544.Davis M.M., Boniface J.J., Reich Z., Lyons D., Hampl J., Arden B., and Chien Y.–h. Ligand recognition by αβ T cell receptors // Annu. Rev. Immunol.1998. — Vol.16. — P.523–544.Eisen H.N. Specificity and degeneracy in antigen recognition: yin and yang in the immune system. Annu. Rev. Immunol. — 2001. — Vol.19. — P.1–21.Eisen H.N. Specificity and degeneracy in antigen recognition: yin and yang in the immune system. Annu. Rev. Immunol. — 2001. — Vol.19. — P.1–21.Falk K., Rotzschke O., Rammensee H.G. A self peptide naturally presented by both H–2Kb and H–2Kbm1 molecules demonstrates MHC restriction of self tolerance at the molecular level // Int. Immunol. — 1992. — Vol.4. — N3. — P.321–325.Falk K., Rotzschke O., Rammensee H.G. A self peptide naturally presented by both H–2Kb and H–2Kbm1 molecules demonstrates MHC restriction of self tolerance at the molecular level // Int. Immunol. — 1992. — Vol.4. — N3. — P.321–325.Fischer Lindahl K., Wilson D.B. Histocompatibility antigen–activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes II. Estimates of frequency and specificity of precursors // J. Exp. Med. — 1977. — Vol.145. — P.508–522.Fischer Lindahl K., Wilson D.B. Histocompatibility antigen–activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes II. Estimates of frequency and specificity of precursors // J. Exp. Med. — 1977. — Vol.145. — P.508–522.Gascoigne N.R., Alam S.M., Lin C.M., McGuireGascoigne N.R., Alam S.M., Lin C.M., McGuireM.V., Marine S., Niederberger N., Redpath S., Sim B.C., Travers P.J., Yachi P., Zal M.A., Zal T. T cell receptor binding kinetics and special role of Valpha in T cell development and activation // Immunol. Res. — 2000. — Vol.21. — N2–3. — P.225–231.M.V., Marine S., Niederberger N., Redpath S., Sim B.C., Travers P.J., Yachi P., Zal M.A., Zal T. T cell receptor binding kinetics and special role of Valpha in T cell development and activation // Immunol. Res. — 2000. — Vol.21. — N2–3. — P.225–231.Gould D.S., Auchincloss H. Jr. Direct and indirect recognition: the role of MHC antigens in graft rejection // Immunol. Today. — 1999. — Vol.20. — P.77–82.Gould D.S., Auchincloss H. Jr. Direct and indirect recognition: the role of MHC antigens in graft rejection // Immunol. Today. — 1999. — Vol.20. — P.77–82.Grandea A.G. 3rd, Bevan M.J. A conservative mutation in a class I MHC molecule outside the peptide binding groove stimulates responses to self peptides // J. Immunol. — 1993. — Vol.151. — N8. — P.3981–3987.Grandea A.G. 3rd, Bevan M.J. A conservative mutation in a class I MHC molecule outside the peptide binding groove stimulates responses to self peptides // J. Immunol. — 1993. — Vol.151. — N8. — P.3981–3987.Guillet M., Brouard S., Gagne K., Sebille F., Cuturi M.C., Delsuc M.A., Soulillou J.P. Different qualitative and quantitative regulation of V beta TCR transcripts during early acute allograft rejection and tolerance induction // J. Immunol. — 2002. — Vol.168. — N10. — P.5088–5095.Guillet M., Brouard S., Gagne K., Sebille F., Cuturi M.C., Delsuc M.A., Soulillou J.P. Different qualitative and quantitative regulation of V beta TCR transcripts during early acute allograft rejection and tolerance induction // J. Immunol. — 2002. — Vol.168. — N10. — P.5088–5095.Heath W.R., Kane K.P., Mescher M.F., Sherman L.A.. Alloreactive T cells discriminate among a diverse set of endogenous peptides // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 1991. — Vol.88. — P.5101–5105.Heath W.R., Kane K.P., Mescher M.F., Sherman L.A.. Alloreactive T cells discriminate among a diverse set of endogenous peptides // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 1991. — Vol.88. — P.5101–5105.Hornell T.M., Solheim J.C., Myers N.B., Gillanders W.E., Balendiran G.K., Hansen T.H., Connolly J.M. Alloreactive and syngeneic CTL are comparably dependent on interaction with MHC class I alpha–helical residues // J. Immunol. — 1999. — Vol.163. — N6. — P.3217–3225.Hornell T.M., Solheim J.C., Myers N.B., Gillanders W.E., Balendiran G.K., Hansen T.H., Connolly J.M. Alloreactive and syngeneic CTL are comparably dependent on interaction with MHC class I alpha–helical residues // J. Immunol. — 1999. — Vol.163. — N6. — P.3217–3225.Huseby E.S., Crawford F., White J., Kappler J., Marrack P. Negative selection imparts peptide specificity to the mature T cell repertoire // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 2003. — Vol.100. — N20. — P.11565–11570.Huseby E.S., Crawford F., White J., Kappler J., Marrack P. Negative selection imparts peptide specificity to the mature T cell repertoire // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 2003. — Vol.100. — N20. — P.11565–11570.Huseby E., Kappler J., Marrack P. TCR–MHC/peptide interactions: kissing–cousins or a shotgun wedding? // Eur. J. Immunol. — 2004. — Vol.34. — N. 5. — P.1243–1250.Huseby E., Kappler J., Marrack P. TCR–MHC/peptide interactions: kissing–cousins or a shotgun wedding? // Eur. J. Immunol. — 2004. — Vol.34. — N. 5. — P.1243–1250.Illigens B.M., Yamada A., Fedoseyeva E.V., Anosova N., Boisgerault F., Valujskikh A., Heeger P.S., Sayegh M.H., Boehm B., Benichou G. The relative contribution of direct and indirect antigen recognition pathways to the alloresponse and graft rejection depends upon the nature of the transplant // Hum. Immunol. — 2002. — Vol.63. — N10. — P.912–925.Illigens B.M., Yamada A., Fedoseyeva E.V., Anosova N., Boisgerault F., Valujskikh A., Heeger P.S., Sayegh M.H., Boehm B., Benichou G. The relative contribution of direct and indirect antigen recognition pathways to the alloresponse and graft rejection depends upon the nature of the transplant // Hum. Immunol. — 2002. — Vol.63. — N10. — P.912–925.Janeway C.A., Chervonsky A.V., Sant’Angelo D. T–cell receptors: is the repertoire inherently MHC–specific? // Curr. Biol. — 1997. — Vol.7. — N5. — P. R299–300.Janeway C.A., Chervonsky A.V., Sant’Angelo D. T–cell receptors: is the repertoire inherently MHC–specific? // Curr. Biol. — 1997. — Vol.7. — N5. — P. R299–300.Jerne N.K. The somatic generation of immune recognition // Eur. J. Immunol. — 1971. — Vol.1. — N1. — P.1–9.Jerne N.K. The somatic generation of immune recognition // Eur. J. Immunol. — 1971. — Vol.1. — N1. — P.1–9.Kazanskii D.B., Petrishchev V.N., Shtil’ A.A., Chernysheva A.D., Sernova N.V., Abronina I.F., Pobezinskii L.A., Agafonova E.L. Use of heat shock of antigen–presenting cells for functional testing of allospecific memory T–cells // Bioorg. Khim. — 1999. — Vol.25.N2. — P.117–128.Kazanskii D.B., Petrishchev V.N., Shtil’ A.A., Chernysheva A.D., Sernova N.V., Abronina I.F., Pobezinskii L.A., Agafonova E.L. Use of heat shock of antigen–presenting cells for functional testing of allospecific memory T–cells // Bioorg. Khim. — 1999. — Vol.25.N2. — P.117–128.Kazanskii D.B., Chernysheva A.D., Sernova N.V., Petrishchev V.N., Pobezinskii L.A., Agafonova E.L., Chervonskii A.V. The nature of epitopes, recognized by T–lymphocytes in the allogenic immune response // Mol. Biol. (Mosk). — 1998. — Vol.32. — N4. — P.692–702.Kazanskii D.B., Chernysheva A.D., Sernova N.V., Petrishchev V.N., Pobezinskii L.A., Agafonova E.L., Chervonskii A.V. The nature of epitopes, recognized by T–lymphocytes in the allogenic immune response // Mol. Biol. (Mosk). — 1998. — Vol.32. — N4. — P.692–702.de Koster H.S., van Rood J.J., Termijtelen A. HLA–DR peptide–induced alloreactive T cell lines reveal an HLA–DR sequence that can be both «dominant» and «cryptic»: evidence for allele–specific processing // Eur. J. Immunol. — 1992. — Vol.22. — N6. — P.1531–1539.de Koster H.S., van Rood J.J., Termijtelen A. HLA–DR peptide–induced alloreactive T cell lines reveal an HLA–DR sequence that can be both «dominant» and «cryptic»: evidence for allele–specific processing // Eur. J. Immunol. — 1992. — Vol.22. — N6. — P.1531–1539.Kovalik J. — P., Singh N., Mendiratta S.K., Martin W.D., Ignatowicz L., Van Kaer L. The alloreactive and self–restricted CD4+ T cell response directed against a single MHC class II/peptide combination // J. Immunol. — 2000. — Vol.165. — P.1285–1293.Kovalik J. — P., Singh N., Mendiratta S.K., Martin W.D., Ignatowicz L., Van Kaer L. The alloreactive and self–restricted CD4+ T cell response directed against a single MHC class II/peptide combination // J. Immunol. — 2000. — Vol.165. — P.1285–1293.Kuhns S.T., Tallquist M.D., Johnson A.J., Mendez–Fernandez Y., Pease L.R. T cell receptor interactions with class I heavy–chain influence T cell selection // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 2000. — Vol.97. — N2P.756–760.Kuhns S.T., Tallquist M.D., Johnson A.J., Mendez–Fernandez Y., Pease L.R. T cell receptor interactions with class I heavy–chain influence T cell selection // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 2000. — Vol.97. — N2P.756–760.Li Y.Y., Smith K.D., Shi Y., Lutz C.T. Alloreactive anti–HLA–B7 cytolytic T cell clones use restricted T cell receptor genes // Transplantation. — 1996. — Vol.62. — N7. — P.954–961.Li Y.Y., Smith K.D., Shi Y., Lutz C.T. Alloreactive anti–HLA–B7 cytolytic T cell clones use restricted T cell receptor genes // Transplantation. — 1996. — Vol.62. — N7. — P.954–961.Lobashevsky A, Kotb M, Gaber AO. Selective T cell receptor Vβ gene usage by alloreactive T cells responding to defined HLA–DR alleles // Transplantation. — 1996. — Vol.62. — N9. — P.1332–1340.Lobashevsky A, Kotb M, Gaber AO. Selective T cell receptor Vβ gene usage by alloreactive T cells responding to defined HLA–DR alleles // Transplantation. — 1996. — Vol.62. — N9. — P.1332–1340.Manning T.C., Schlueter C.J., Brodnicki T.C., Parke E.A., Speir J.A., Garcia K.C., Teyton L., Wilson I.A., Kranz D.M. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of an alphabeta T cell receptor: mapping the energy of antigen recognition // Immunity. — 1998. — Vol.8. — P.413–425.Manning T.C., Schlueter C.J., Brodnicki T.C., Parke E.A., Speir J.A., Garcia K.C., Teyton L., Wilson I.A., Kranz D.M. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of an alphabeta T cell receptor: mapping the energy of antigen recognition // Immunity. — 1998. — Vol.8. — P.413–425.Martinic M.M., Rulicke T., Althage A., Odermatt B., Hochli M., Lamarre A., Dumrese T., Speiser D.E., Kyburz D., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R.M. Efficient T cell repertoire selection in tetraparental chimeric mice independent of thymic epithelial MHC // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 2003. — Vol.100. — N4.P.1861–1866.Martinic M.M., Rulicke T., Althage A., Odermatt B., Hochli M., Lamarre A., Dumrese T., Speiser D.E., Kyburz D., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R.M. Efficient T cell repertoire selection in tetraparental chimeric mice independent of thymic epithelial MHC // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 2003. — Vol.100. — N4.P.1861–1866.Merkenschlager M., Graf D., Lovatt M., Bommhardt U., Zamoyska R., Fisher A.G. How many thymocytes audition for selection? // J. Exp. Med. — 1997.V. 186. — P.1449–1158.Merkenschlager M., Graf D., Lovatt M., Bommhardt U., Zamoyska R., Fisher A.G. How many thymocytes audition for selection? // J. Exp. Med. — 1997.V. 186. — P.1449–1158.Moris A., Teichgraber V., Gauthier L., Buhring H.J., Rammensee H.G. Cutting edge: characterization of allorestricted and peptide–selective alloreactive T cells using HLA–tetramer selection // J. Immunol.2001. — Vol.166. — N8. — P.4818–4821.Moris A., Teichgraber V., Gauthier L., Buhring H.J., Rammensee H.G. Cutting edge: characterization of allorestricted and peptide–selective alloreactive T cells using HLA–tetramer selection // J. Immunol.2001. — Vol.166. — N8. — P.4818–4821.Mullbacher A., Hill A. B., Blanden R. V., Cowden W. B., King N. J., Hla R. T. Alloreactive cytotoxic T cells recognize MHC class I antigen without peptide specificity // J. Immunol. — 1991. — Vol.147. — P.1765–1772.Mullbacher A., Hill A. B., Blanden R. V., Cowden W. B., King N. J., Hla R. T. Alloreactive cytotoxic T cells recognize MHC class I antigen without peptide specificity // J. Immunol. — 1991. — Vol.147. — P.1765–1772.Noun G., Reboul M., Abastado J.P., Kourilsky P., Sigaux F., Pla M. Strong alloantigenicity of the alpha–helices residues of the MHC class I molecule // J. Immunol. — 1998. — Vol.161. — N1. — P.148–153.Noun G., Reboul M., Abastado J.P., Kourilsky P., Sigaux F., Pla M. Strong alloantigenicity of the alpha–helices residues of the MHC class I molecule // J. Immunol. — 1998. — Vol.161. — N1. — P.148–153.Pircher H., Rohrer U.H., Moskophidis D., Zinkernagel R.M., Hengartner H. Lower receptor avidity required for thymic clonal deletion than for effector Tcell function // Nature. — 1991. — Vol.351. — N6326. — P.482–485.Pircher H., Rohrer U.H., Moskophidis D., Zinkernagel R.M., Hengartner H. Lower receptor avidity required for thymic clonal deletion than for effector Tcell function // Nature. — 1991. — Vol.351. — N6326. — P.482–485.Pobezinskaya E.L., Pobezinskii L.A., Silaeva Y.Y., Anfalova T.V., Khromykh L.M., Tereshchenko T.S., Zvezdova E.S., Kazanskii D.B. Cross–reactivity of T cell ceceptor on memory CD8+ cells isolated after immunization with allogeneic tumor cells // Bull. ExP. Biol. Med. — 2004. — Vol.137. — N5. — P.493–498.Pobezinskaya E.L., Pobezinskii L.A., Silaeva Y.Y., Anfalova T.V., Khromykh L.M., Tereshchenko T.S., Zvezdova E.S., Kazanskii D.B. Cross–reactivity of T cell ceceptor on memory CD8+ cells isolated after immunization with allogeneic tumor cells // Bull. ExP. Biol. Med. — 2004. — Vol.137. — N5. — P.493–498.Punt J.A., Osborne B.A., Takahama Y., Sharrow S.O., Singer A. Negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by T cell receptor–induced apoptosis requires a costimulatory signal that can be provided by CD28 // J. Exp. Med. — 1994. — Vol.179. — N2. — P.709–713.Punt J.A., Osborne B.A., Takahama Y., Sharrow S.O., Singer A. Negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by T cell receptor–induced apoptosis requires a costimulatory signal that can be provided by CD28 // J. Exp. Med. — 1994. — Vol.179. — N2. — P.709–713.Punt J.A., Havran W., Abe R., Sarin A., Singer A. T cell receptor (TCR)–induced death of immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by two distinct mechanisms differing in their requirement for CD28 costimulation: implications for negative selection in the thymus // J. Exp. Med. — 1997. — Vol.186. — N11. — P.1911–1922.Punt J.A., Havran W., Abe R., Sarin A., Singer A. T cell receptor (TCR)–induced death of immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by two distinct mechanisms differing in their requirement for CD28 costimulation: implications for negative selection in the thymus // J. Exp. Med. — 1997. — Vol.186. — N11. — P.1911–1922.Reimann J., Heeg K., Miller R.G., Wagner H. Alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. I. Alloreactive and allorestricted cytotoxic T cells // Eur. J. Immunol. — 1985. — Vol.15. — N4. — P.387–393.Reimann J., Heeg K., Miller R.G., Wagner H. Alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. I. Alloreactive and allorestricted cytotoxic T cells // Eur. J. Immunol. — 1985. — Vol.15. — N4. — P.387–393.Reiser J.B., Darnault C., Guimezanes A., Gregoire C., Mosser T., Schmitt–Verhulst AM., Fontecilla–Camps J.C., Malissen B., Housset D., Mazza G. Crystal structure of a T cell receptor bound to an allogeneic MHC molecule // Nat. Immunol. — 2000. — Vol.1. — P.291–297.Reiser J.B., Darnault C., Guimezanes A., Gregoire C., Mosser T., Schmitt–Verhulst AM., Fontecilla–Camps J.C., Malissen B., Housset D., Mazza G. Crystal structure of a T cell receptor bound to an allogeneic MHC molecule // Nat. Immunol. — 2000. — Vol.1. — P.291–297.Rotzschke O., Falk K., Deres K., Schild H., Norda M., Metzger J., Jung G., Rammensee H.G. Isolation and analysis of naturally processed viral peptides as recognized by cytotoxic T cells // Nature. — 1990. — Vol.348.N6298. — P.252–254.Rotzschke O., Falk K., Deres K., Schild H., Norda M., Metzger J., Jung G., Rammensee H.G. Isolation and analysis of naturally processed viral peptides as recognized by cytotoxic T cells // Nature. — 1990. — Vol.348.N6298. — P.252–254.Rudensky A.Yu., Rath S., Preston–Hurlburt P., Murphy D.B., Janeway C.A. Jr. On the complexity of self // Nature. — 1991. — Vol.353. — N6345. — P.660–662.Rudensky A.Yu., Rath S., Preston–Hurlburt P., Murphy D.B., Janeway C.A. Jr. On the complexity of self // Nature. — 1991. — Vol.353. — N6345. — P.660–662.Rudensky A.Yu., Preston–Hurlburt P., Hong S.C., Barlow A., Janeway C.A. Jr. Sequence analysis of peptides bound to MHC class II molecules // Nature.1991. — Vol.353. — N6345. — P.622–627.Rudensky A.Yu., Preston–Hurlburt P., Hong S.C., Barlow A., Janeway C.A. Jr. Sequence analysis of peptides bound to MHC class II molecules // Nature.1991. — Vol.353. — N6345. — P.622–627.Schneck J., Munitz T., Coligan J.E., Maloy W.L., Margulies D.H., Singer A. Inhibition of allorecognition by an H–2Kb–derived peptide is evidence for a T–cell binding region on a major histocompatibility complex molecule // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 1989. — Vol.86.N21. — P.8516–8520.Schneck J., Munitz T., Coligan J.E., Maloy W.L., Margulies D.H., Singer A. Inhibition of allorecognition by an H–2Kb–derived peptide is evidence for a T–cell binding region on a major histocompatibility complex molecule // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. — 1989. — Vol.86.N21. — P.8516–8520.Schneck J., Maloy W.L., Coligan J.E., Margulies D.H. Inhibition of an allospecific T cell hybridoma by soluble class I proteins and peptides: estimation of the affinity of a T cell receptor for MHC // Cell. — 1989. — Vol.56. — N1. — P.47–55.Schneck J., Maloy W.L., Coligan J.E., Margulies D.H. Inhibition of an allospecific T cell hybridoma by soluble class I proteins and peptides: estimation of the affinity of a T cell receptor for MHC // Cell. — 1989. — Vol.56. — N1. — P.47–55.Sebzda E., Wallace V.A., Mayer J., Yeung R.S., Mak T.W., Ohashi P.S. Positive and negative thymocyte selection induced by different concentrations of a single peptide // Science. — 1994. — Vol.263. — N5153.P.1615–1618.Sebzda E., Wallace V.A., Mayer J., Yeung R.S., Mak T.W., Ohashi P.S. Positive and negative thymocyte selection induced by different concentrations of a single peptide // Science. — 1994. — Vol.263. — N5153.P.1615–1618.Sim B.C., Zerva L., Greene M.I., Gascoigne N.R. Control of MHC restriction by TCR Valpha CDR1 and CDR2 // Science. — 1996. — Vol.273. — N5277. — P.963–966.Sim B.C., Zerva L., Greene M.I., Gascoigne N.R. Control of MHC restriction by TCR Valpha CDR1 and CDR2 // Science. — 1996. — Vol.273. — N5277. — P.963–966.Sim B.C., Aftahi N., Reilly C., Bogen B., Schwartz R.H., Gascoigne N.R., Lo D. Thymic skewing of the CD4/CD8 ratio maps with the T–cell receptor alpha–chain locus // Curr. Biol. — 1998. — Vol.8. — N12.P.701–704.Sim B.C., Aftahi N., Reilly C., Bogen B., Schwartz R.H., Gascoigne N.R., Lo D. Thymic skewing of the CD4/CD8 ratio maps with the T–cell receptor alpha–chain locus // Curr. Biol. — 1998. — Vol.8. — N12.P.701–704.Smith P.A., Brunmark A., Jackson M.R., Potter T.A. Peptide–independent recognition by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) // J. Exp. Med. — 1997. — Vol.185. — P.1023–1033.Smith P.A., Brunmark A., Jackson M.R., Potter T.A. Peptide–independent recognition by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) // J. Exp. Med. — 1997. — Vol.185. — P.1023–1033.Sun R., Shepherd S. E., Geier S. S., Thomson C. T., Sheil J. M., Nathenson S. G. Evidence that the antigen receptors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with a common recognition pattern on the H–2Kb molecule // Immunity. — 1995. — Vol.3. — P.573–582.Sun R., Shepherd S. E., Geier S. S., Thomson C. T., Sheil J. M., Nathenson S. G. Evidence that the antigen receptors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with a common recognition pattern on the H–2Kb molecule // Immunity. — 1995. — Vol.3. — P.573–582.Tallquist M.D., Weaver A.J., Pease L.R. Degenerate recognition of alloantigenic peptides on a positive–selecting class I molecule // J. Immunol. — 1998. — Vol.160. — N2. — P.802–809.Tallquist M.D., Weaver A.J., Pease L.R. Degenerate recognition of alloantigenic peptides on a positive–selecting class I molecule // J. Immunol. — 1998. — Vol.160. — N2. — P.802–809.Torres–Nagel N., Deutschlander A., Herrmann T., Arden B., Hunig T. Control of TCR V alpha–mediated positive repertoire selection and alloreactivity by differential J alpha usage and CDR3 alpha composition // Int. Immunol. — 1997. — Vol.9. — N10. — P.1441–1452.Torres–Nagel N., Deutschlander A., Herrmann T., Arden B., Hunig T. Control of TCR V alpha–mediated positive repertoire selection and alloreactivity by differential J alpha usage and CDR3 alpha composition // Int. Immunol. — 1997. — Vol.9. — N10. — P.1441–1452.Valujskikh A., Hartig C., Heeger P.S. Indirectly primed CD8+ T cells are a prominent component of the allogeneic T–cell repertoire after skin graft rejection in mice // Transplantation. — 2001. — Vol.71. — N3. — P.418–421.Valujskikh A., Hartig C., Heeger P.S. Indirectly primed CD8+ T cells are a prominent component of the allogeneic T–cell repertoire after skin graft rejection in mice // Transplantation. — 2001. — Vol.71. — N3. — P.418–421.Viret C., Janeway C.A. Jr. MHC and T cell development // Rev. Immunogenet. — 1999. — Vol.1. — N1.P.91–104.Viret C., Janeway C.A. Jr. MHC and T cell development // Rev. Immunogenet. — 1999. — Vol.1. — N1.P.91–104.Whitelegg A., Barber L.D. The structural basis of T–cell allorecognition // Tissue Antigens. — 2004. — Vol.63. — N2. — P.101–108.Whitelegg A., Barber L.D. The structural basis of T–cell allorecognition // Tissue Antigens. — 2004. — Vol.63. — N2. — P.101–108.Yang T.H., Lovatt M., Merkenschlager M., Stauss H.J. Comparison of the frequency of peptidespecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes restricted by self– and allo–MHC following in vitro T cell priming // Int. Immunol. — 2002. — Vol.14. — N11. — P.1283–1290.Yang T.H., Lovatt M., Merkenschlager M., Stauss H.J. Comparison of the frequency of peptidespecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes restricted by self– and allo–MHC following in vitro T cell priming // Int. Immunol. — 2002. — Vol.14. — N11. — P.1283–1290.Zerrahn J., Held W., Raulet D.H. The MHC reactivity of the T cell repertoire prior to positive and negative selection // Cell. — 1997. — Vol.88. — P.627–636.Zerrahn J., Held W., Raulet D.H. The MHC reactivity of the T cell repertoire prior to positive and negative selection // Cell. — 1997. — Vol.88. — P.627–636.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.