<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2006-5-6-597-614</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-532</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИНФЕКЦИЯ И ИММУНИТЕТ: СТРАТЕГИИ ОБЕИХ СТОРОН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INFECTION AND IMMUNITY: STRATEGIES FROM BOTH SIDES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железникова</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznikova</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория клинической иммунологии</p><p>197022, ул. проф. Попова, 9. Тел. раб.: (812) 234-90-06, дом. (812) 555-80-74</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zmg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГУ НИИ детских инфекций Росздрава, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>5-6</issue><fpage>597</fpage><lpage>614</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Железникова Г.Ф., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Железникова Г.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zheleznikova G.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/532">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/532</self-uri><abstract><p>Резюме. В обзоре рассматриваются современные сведения о механизмах взаимодействия возбудителей инфекций с иммунной системой хозяина. Описываются способы уклонения возбудителя от реакций иммунной системы, приводятся примеры «поведения» конкретных патогенов: вирусов, бактерий, простейших, гельминтов. Обсуждается разнообразие клеток и растворимых медиаторов, участвующих в иммунном ответе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract. The review considers contemporary data concerning the mechanisms of interaction between infectious agents and host immune system. The ways for evasion of the host immune reactions are described, and “behavioral” patterns are provided for particular pathogens, e.g., viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminthes. The diversity of cells and soluble mediators participating in the immune response is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атауллаханов Р.И., Гинцбург А.Л. Иммунитет и инфекция: динамичное противостояние живых систем // Детские инфекции. - 2005. - Т.4. - №1. - С.11-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Атауллаханов Р.И., Гинцбург А.Л. Иммунитет и инфекция: динамичное противостояние живых систем // Детские инфекции. - 2005. - Т.4. - №1. - С.11-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазанова Т.В., Бубнова Л.Н., Мазуров В.И. Аутоиммунные заболевания щитовидной железы: роль иммунологических и иммуногенетических факторов // Мед. Иммунол. - 2000. - Т.2. - №3. - С.257-270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Глазанова Т.В., Бубнова Л.Н., Мазуров В.И. Аутоиммунные заболевания щитовидной железы: роль иммунологических и иммуногенетических факторов // Мед. Иммунол. - 2000. - Т.2. - №3. - С.257-270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Железникова Г.Ф. Иммуноглобулин Е: биологическая роль при инфекционных заболеваниях // Мед. Иммунол. - 2002. - Т. 4. - № 4-5. - С.515-534.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Железникова Г.Ф. Иммуноглобулин Е: биологическая роль при инфекционных заболеваниях // Мед. Иммунол. - 2002. - Т. 4. - № 4-5. - С.515-534.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кетлинский С.А. Роль гетеродимерных цитокинов семейства ИЛ-12 в развитии и регуляции врожденного иммунитета и TH1 иммунного ответа // Мед. акад. журн. - 2005. - Т.5. - № 3. - С.13-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кетлинский С.А. Роль гетеродимерных цитокинов семейства ИЛ-12 в развитии и регуляции врожденного иммунитета и TH1 иммунного ответа // Мед. акад. журн. - 2005. - Т.5. - № 3. - С.13-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рассеянный склероз. Клинические аспекты и спорные вопросы / Под ред. А.Дж. Томпсона, К. Полмана, Р.Холфельда: Перевод с англ. - СПб.: Политехника, 2001. - 422 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рассеянный склероз. Клинические аспекты и спорные вопросы / Под ред. А.Дж. Томпсона, К. Полмана, Р.Холфельда: Перевод с англ. - СПб.: Политехника, 2001. - 422 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сенников С.В., Силков А.Н., Козлов В.А. Роль альтернативного сплайсинга генов цитокинов в формировании полиморфной структуры цитокиновой сети // Мед. Иммунол. - 2001. - Т. 3. - № 3. - С.389-400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сенников С.В., Силков А.Н., Козлов В.А. Роль альтернативного сплайсинга генов цитокинов в формировании полиморфной структуры цитокиновой сети // Мед. Иммунол. - 2001. - Т. 3. - № 3. - С.389-400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины: классификация и биологические функции // Цитокины и воспал. - 2004. - Т. 3. - № 2. - С.16-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины: классификация и биологические функции // Цитокины и воспал. - 2004. - Т. 3. - № 2. - С.16-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симбирцев А.С. Цитокинзависимые наследственные иммунодефицитные состояния // Рос. Аллергол. Журн. - 2005. - № 3. - С.27-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Симбирцев А.С. Цитокинзависимые наследственные иммунодефицитные состояния // Рос. Аллергол. Журн. - 2005. - № 3. - С.27-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смольникова М.В., Коненков В.И. Клиническая иммуногенетика заболеваний человека // Мед. Иммунол. - 2001. - Т. 3. - № 3. - С.379-389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Смольникова М.В., Коненков В.И. Клиническая иммуногенетика заболеваний человека // Мед. Иммунол. - 2001. - Т. 3. - № 3. - С.379-389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокина М.Н., Скрипченко Н.В. Вирусные энцефалиты и менингиты у детей: Руководство для врачей. - М.: ОАО «Издательство «Медицина», 2004. - 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сорокина М.Н., Скрипченко Н.В. Вирусные энцефалиты и менингиты у детей: Руководство для врачей. - М.: ОАО «Издательство «Медицина», 2004. - 416 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старшинов Я.Ю. Клинико-лучевые и иммунологические особенности диссеминированных энцефаломиелитов у детей. Автореф. дис…к.м.н. СПб., 2003. - 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Старшинов Я.Ю. Клинико-лучевые и иммунологические особенности диссеминированных энцефаломиелитов у детей. Автореф. дис…к.м.н. СПб., 2003. - 23 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тотолян А.А. Роль хемокинов и их рецепторов в иммунорегуляции // Иммунол. - 2001. - № 5. - С.7-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тотолян А.А. Роль хемокинов и их рецепторов в иммунорегуляции // Иммунол. - 2001. - № 5. - С.7-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярилин А.А., Донецкова А.Д. Регуляторные Foxp3+ Т-клетки и их роль при аллергии // Рос. Аллергол. Журн. - 2005. - № 2. - С.22-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ярилин А.А., Донецкова А.Д. Регуляторные Foxp3+ Т-клетки и их роль при аллергии // Рос. Аллергол. Журн. - 2005. - № 2. - С.22-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad A., Ahmad R. HIV’s evasion of host’s NK cell response and novel ways of its countering and boosting anti-HIV immunity // Current HIV Res. - 2003. - Vol.1. - N3. - P. 295-307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad A., Ahmad R. HIV’s evasion of host’s NK cell response and novel ways of its countering and boosting anti-HIV immunity // Current HIV Res. - 2003. - Vol.1. - N3. - P. 295-307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arend W. The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease // Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. - 2002. - Vol.13. - P.323-340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arend W. The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease // Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. - 2002. - Vol.13. - P.323-340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baillie J., Sahlender D., Sinclair J. Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling by targeting the 55-kilodalton TNF-α receptor // J. Virol. - 2003. - Vol.77. – N 12. - P.7007-7016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baillie J., Sahlender D., Sinclair J. Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling by targeting the 55-kilodalton TNF-α receptor // J. Virol. - 2003. - Vol.77. – N 12. - P.7007-7016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes K. Parasite evolution and the immune system // Allergy Clin. Immunol. Int. - J. World Allergy Org. 2005. - Vol.17. - P.229-236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes K. Parasite evolution and the immune system // Allergy Clin. Immunol. Int. - J. World Allergy Org. 2005. - Vol.17. - P.229-236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benedict C., Ware C. Virus targeting of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily // Virology. - 2001. - Vol.289. - N 1. - P.1-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benedict C., Ware C. Virus targeting of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily // Virology. - 2001. - Vol.289. - N 1. - P.1-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benson M., Strannegard I., Wennergren G., Strannegard O. Increase of the soluble IL-4 receptor (IL-4sR) and positive correlation between IL-4sR and IgE in nasal fluids from school children with allergic rhinitis // Allergy Asthma Proc. - 2000. - Vol.21. - N 2. - P.89-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benson M., Strannegard I., Wennergren G., Strannegard O. Increase of the soluble IL-4 receptor (IL-4sR) and positive correlation between IL-4sR and IgE in nasal fluids from school children with allergic rhinitis // Allergy Asthma Proc. - 2000. - Vol.21. - N 2. - P.89-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogdan C., Mattner J., Schleicher U. The role of type I interferons in non-viral infections // Immunol. Rev. - 2004. - Vol. 202. - P.33-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdan C., Mattner J., Schleicher U. The role of type I interferons in non-viral infections // Immunol. Rev. - 2004. - Vol. 202. - P.33-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradley C., Griffiths N., Rowe H., Heyderman R., Virji M. Critical determinants of the interaction of capsule-expressing Neisseria meningitidis with host cells: the role of receptor density in increased cellular targeting via the outer membrane Opa proteins // Cell. Microbiol. - 2005. - Vol.7. - N 10. - P.1490-1503.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradley C., Griffiths N., Rowe H., Heyderman R., Virji M. Critical determinants of the interaction of capsule-expressing Neisseria meningitidis with host cells: the role of receptor density in increased cellular targeting via the outer membrane Opa proteins // Cell. Microbiol. - 2005. - Vol.7. - N 10. - P.1490-1503.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brand S., Beigel F., Olstak T., Zitzmann K., Eichhorst S., Otte J., Diebold J., Diepolder H., Adler B., Auernhammer C., Goke B., Dambacher J. IL-28A and IL-29 mediate antiproliferative and antiviral signals in intestinal epithelial cells and murine CMV infection increases colonic IL-28A expression // Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. - 2005. - Vol.289. - N 5. - P.960-968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brand S., Beigel F., Olstak T., Zitzmann K., Eichhorst S., Otte J., Diebold J., Diepolder H., Adler B., Auernhammer C., Goke B., Dambacher J. IL-28A and IL-29 mediate antiproliferative and antiviral signals in intestinal epithelial cells and murine CMV infection increases colonic IL-28A expression // Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. - 2005. - Vol.289. - N 5. - P.960-968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodsky M. Stealth, sabotage and exploitation // Immunol. Rev. - 1999. - Vol.168. - P.5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodsky M. Stealth, sabotage and exploitation // Immunol. Rev. - 1999. - Vol.168. - P.5-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brombacher F., Kastelein R., Alber G. Novel IL-12 family members shed light on the orchestration of Th1 responses // Trends Immunol. - 2003. - Vol.24. - N 4. - P.207-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brombacher F., Kastelein R., Alber G. Novel IL-12 family members shed light on the orchestration of Th1 responses // Trends Immunol. - 2003. - Vol.24. - N 4. - P.207-212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calandra T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and host innate immune responses to microbes // Scand. J. Infect. Dis. - 2003. - Vol.35. - N 9. - P.573-576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calandra T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and host innate immune responses to microbes // Scand. J. Infect. Dis. - 2003. - Vol.35. - N 9. - P.573-576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron S., Nawijn M., Kum W., Savelkoul H., Chow A. Regulation of T cell responses to staphylococcal superantigens // Eur. Cytokine Netw. - 2001. - Vol.12. - N 2. - P.210-222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron S., Nawijn M., Kum W., Savelkoul H., Chow A. Regulation of T cell responses to staphylococcal superantigens // Eur. Cytokine Netw. - 2001. - Vol.12. - N 2. - P.210-222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carosella E., Moreau P., Aractingi S., Rouas-Freiss N. HLA-G: a shield against inflammatory aggression // Trends Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.22. - N 10. - P.553-555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carosella E., Moreau P., Aractingi S., Rouas-Freiss N. HLA-G: a shield against inflammatory aggression // Trends Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.22. - N 10. - P.553-555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan K., Phillips A., Walker-Smith J. A., MacDonald T.T. Serum IL-2 receptor in infants and young children // Acta Paediatr. - 1995. - Vol.84. - N 2. - P.151-156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan K., Phillips A., Walker-Smith J. A., MacDonald T.T. Serum IL-2 receptor in infants and young children // Acta Paediatr. - 1995. - Vol.84. - N 2. - P.151-156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng J., Imanishi H., Morisaki H., Liu W., Nakamura H., Morisaki T., Hada T. Recombinant HBsAg inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression and IL-18 production by interfering with the NFkappaB pathway in a human monocytic cell line, THP-1 // J. Hepatol. - 2005. - Vol.43. - N 3. - P.465-471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng J., Imanishi H., Morisaki H., Liu W., Nakamura H., Morisaki T., Hada T. Recombinant HBsAg inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression and IL-18 production by interfering with the NFkappaB pathway in a human monocytic cell line, THP-1 // J. Hepatol. - 2005. - Vol.43. - N 3. - P.465-471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chensue S. Molecular machinations: chemokine signals in host-pathogen interactions // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.14. - N 4. - P.821-835.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chensue S. Molecular machinations: chemokine signals in host-pathogen interactions // Clin. Microbiol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.14. - N 4. - P.821-835.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chevillard C., Moukoko C., Elwali N., Bream J., Kouriba B., Argiro L., Rahood S., Mergani A., Henri S., Gaudart J., Mohamed-Ali Q., Young H., Dessein A. IFN-gamma polymorphisms (IFN-gamma +2109 and IFN-gamma +3810) are associated with severe hepatic fibrosis in human hepatic schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) // J. Immunol. - 2003. - Vol.171. - P.5596-5601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chevillard C., Moukoko C., Elwali N., Bream J., Kouriba B., Argiro L., Rahood S., Mergani A., Henri S., Gaudart J., Mohamed-Ali Q., Young H., Dessein A. IFN-gamma polymorphisms (IFN-gamma +2109 and IFN-gamma +3810) are associated with severe hepatic fibrosis in human hepatic schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) // J. Immunol. - 2003. - Vol.171. - P.5596-5601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dheda K., Chang J., Breen R., Haddock J., Lipman M., Kim L., Huggett J., Johnson M., Rook G., Zumla A. Expression of a novel cytokine, IL-4delta2, in HIV and HIV-tuberculosis co-infection // AIDS. - 2005. - Vol.19. - N 15. - P.1601-1606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dheda K., Chang J., Breen R., Haddock J., Lipman M., Kim L., Huggett J., Johnson M., Rook G., Zumla A. Expression of a novel cytokine, IL-4delta2, in HIV and HIV-tuberculosis co-infection // AIDS. - 2005. - Vol.19. - N 15. - P.1601-1606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diao J., Khine A., Sarangi F., Hsu E., Iorio C., Tibbles L., Woodgett J., Penninger J., Richardson C. X protein of hepatitis B virus inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis and is associated with upregulation of the SARK/JNK pathway // J. Biol. Chem. - 2000. Nov. 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diao J., Khine A., Sarangi F., Hsu E., Iorio C., Tibbles L., Woodgett J., Penninger J., Richardson C. X protein of hepatitis B virus inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis and is associated with upregulation of the SARK/JNK pathway // J. Biol. Chem. - 2000. Nov. 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erdman S., Rao V., Poutahidis T., Ihrig M., Ge Z., Feng Y., Tomczak M., Rogers A., Horwitz B., Fox J. CD4+CD25+ regulatory lymphocytes require interleukin 10 to interrupt colon carcinogenesis in mice // Cancer Res. - 2003. - Vol.63. - N 18. - P.6042-6050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdman S., Rao V., Poutahidis T., Ihrig M., Ge Z., Feng Y., Tomczak M., Rogers A., Horwitz B., Fox J. CD4+CD25+ regulatory lymphocytes require interleukin 10 to interrupt colon carcinogenesis in mice // Cancer Res. - 2003. - Vol.63. - N 18. - P.6042-6050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fickensher H., Hor S., Kupers H., Knappe A., Wittman S., Sticht H. The interleukin-10 family of cytokines // Trends Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.23. - N 2. - P.89-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fickensher H., Hor S., Kupers H., Knappe A., Wittman S., Sticht H. The interleukin-10 family of cytokines // Trends Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.23. - N 2. - P.89-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fort M., Cheung J., Yen D., Li J., Zurawski S.M., Lo S., Menon S., Clifford T., Hunte B., Lesley R., Muchamuel T., Hurst S.D., Zurawski G., Leach M.W., Gorman D.M., Rennick D.M. IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and Th2-associated pathologic in vivo // Immunity. - 2001. - Vol.15. - P.985-995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fort M., Cheung J., Yen D., Li J., Zurawski S.M., Lo S., Menon S., Clifford T., Hunte B., Lesley R., Muchamuel T., Hurst S.D., Zurawski G., Leach M.W., Gorman D.M., Rennick D.M. IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and Th2-associated pathologic in vivo // Immunity. - 2001. - Vol.15. - P.985-995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gealy C., Denson M., Humphreys C., McSharry B., Wilkinson G., Caswell R. Posttranscriptional suppression of IL-6 production by human cytomegalovirus // J. Virol. - 2005. - Vol.79. - N 1. - P.472-485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gealy C., Denson M., Humphreys C., McSharry B., Wilkinson G., Caswell R. Posttranscriptional suppression of IL-6 production by human cytomegalovirus // J. Virol. - 2005. - Vol.79. - N 1. - P.472-485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gotoh B., Komatsu T., Takeuchi K., Yokoo J. Paramixoviruses accessory proteins as interferon antagonists // Microbiol. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.45. - N 12. - P.787-800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotoh B., Komatsu T., Takeuchi K., Yokoo J. Paramixoviruses accessory proteins as interferon antagonists // Microbiol. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.45. - N 12. - P.787-800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gotoh B., Komatsu T., Takeuchi K., Yokoo J. Paramixoviruses strategies for evading the interferon response // Rev. Med. Virol. - 2002. - Vol.12. - N 6. - P.337-357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotoh B., Komatsu T., Takeuchi K., Yokoo J. Paramixoviruses strategies for evading the interferon response // Rev. Med. Virol. - 2002. - Vol.12. - N 6. - P.337-357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guerrero-Plata A., Ortega E., Gomez B. Persistence of respiratory syncytial virus in macrophages alters phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production // Viral. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.14. - N 1. - P.19-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guerrero-Plata A., Ortega E., Gomez B. Persistence of respiratory syncytial virus in macrophages alters phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production // Viral. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.14. - N 1. - P.19-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guglietta S., Garbuglia A., Pacciani V., Scotta C., Perrone M., Laurenti L., Spada E., Mele A., Capobianchi M., Taliani G., Folgori A., Vitelli A., Ruggeri L., Nicosia A., Piccolella E., Del Porto P. Positive selection of cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variants during acute hepatitis C virus infection // Eur. J. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.35. - N 9. - P.2627-2637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglietta S., Garbuglia A., Pacciani V., Scotta C., Perrone M., Laurenti L., Spada E., Mele A., Capobianchi M., Taliani G., Folgori A., Vitelli A., Ruggeri L., Nicosia A., Piccolella E., Del Porto P. Positive selection of cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variants during acute hepatitis C virus infection // Eur. J. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.35. - N 9. - P.2627-2637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahm B., Trifilo M., Zuniga E., Oldstone M. Viruses evade the immune system through type I interferon-mediated STAT2-dependent, but STAT1-independent, signaling // Immunity. - 2005. - Vol.22. - N 2. - P.247-257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahm B., Trifilo M., Zuniga E., Oldstone M. Viruses evade the immune system through type I interferon-mediated STAT2-dependent, but STAT1-independent, signaling // Immunity. - 2005. - Vol.22. - N 2. - P.247-257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamerman Y., Ogasawa K., Lanier L. NK cells in innate immunity // Curr. Opin. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.17. - N 1. - P.29-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamerman Y., Ogasawa K., Lanier L. NK cells in innate immunity // Curr. Opin. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.17. - N 1. - P.29-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haring J., Pewe L., Perlman S. Bystander CD8 T cell-mediated demyelination after viral infection of the central nervous system // J. Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.169. - N 3. - P. 1550-1555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haring J., Pewe L., Perlman S. Bystander CD8 T cell-mediated demyelination after viral infection of the central nervous system // J. Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.169. - N 3. - P. 1550-1555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Y., Katze M. To interfere and to anti-interfere: the interplay between hepatitis C virus and interferon // Viral Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.15. - N 1. - P.95-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Y., Katze M. To interfere and to anti-interfere: the interplay between hepatitis C virus and interferon // Viral Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.15. - N 1. - P.95-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henri S., Chevillard C., Mergani A., Paris P., Gaudart J., Camilla C., Dessein H., Montero F., Elwali N., Saeed O., Magzoub M., Dessein A. Cytokine regulation of periportal fibrosis in humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni: IFN-gamma is associated with protection against fibrosis and TNF-alpha with aggravation of disease // J. Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.169. - P.929-936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henri S., Chevillard C., Mergani A., Paris P., Gaudart J., Camilla C., Dessein H., Montero F., Elwali N., Saeed O., Magzoub M., Dessein A. Cytokine regulation of periportal fibrosis in humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni: IFN-gamma is associated with protection against fibrosis and TNF-alpha with aggravation of disease // J. Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.169. - P.929-936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heuer J., Zhang T., Zhao J., Ding C., Cramer M., Justen K., Vonderfecht S., Na S. Adoptive transfer of in vitro-stimulated CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells increases bacterial clearance and improves survival in polymicrobial sepsis // J. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.174. - N 11. - P.7141-7146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heuer J., Zhang T., Zhao J., Ding C., Cramer M., Justen K., Vonderfecht S., Na S. Adoptive transfer of in vitro-stimulated CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells increases bacterial clearance and improves survival in polymicrobial sepsis // J. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.174. - N 11. - P.7141-7146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holsher C. The power of combinatorial immunology: IL-12 and IL-12-related dimeric cytokines in infectious diseases // Med. Mictobiol. Immunol. - 2004. - Vol.193. - N 1. - P.1-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holsher C. The power of combinatorial immunology: IL-12 and IL-12-related dimeric cytokines in infectious diseases // Med. Mictobiol. Immunol. - 2004. - Vol.193. - N 1. - P.1-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurst S., Muchamuel T., Gorman D., Gilbert J.M., Clifford T., Kwan S., Menon S., Seymour B., Jackson C., Kung T.T., Brieland J.K., Zurawski S.M., Chapman R.W., Zurawski G., Coffman R.L. New IL-17 family members promote Th1 or Th2 responses in the lung: in vivo function of the novel cytokine IL-25 // J. Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.169. - N 1. - P 443-453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurst S., Muchamuel T., Gorman D., Gilbert J.M., Clifford T., Kwan S., Menon S., Seymour B., Jackson C., Kung T.T., Brieland J.K., Zurawski S.M., Chapman R.W., Zurawski G., Coffman R.L. New IL-17 family members promote Th1 or Th2 responses in the lung: in vivo function of the novel cytokine IL-25 // J. Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.169. - N 1. - P 443-453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janeway C. How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: a personal view // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 2001. - Vol.98. - P.7461-7468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janeway C. How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: a personal view // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - 2001. - Vol.98. - P.7461-7468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins C., Abendroth A., Slobedman B. A novel viral transcript with homology to human IL-10 is expressed during latent human cytomegalovirus infection // J. Virol. - 2004. - Vol.78. - N 3. - P.1440-1447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins C., Abendroth A., Slobedman B. A novel viral transcript with homology to human IL-10 is expressed during latent human cytomegalovirus infection // J. Virol. - 2004. - Vol.78. - N 3. - P.1440-1447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katano H., Ali M., Patera A., Catalfamo M., Jaffe E., Kimura H., Dale J., Straus S., Cohen J. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with mutations in perforin that impair its maturation // Blood. - 2004. - Vol.15. - N 4. - P.1244-1252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katano H., Ali M., Patera A., Catalfamo M., Jaffe E., Kimura H., Dale J., Straus S., Cohen J. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with mutations in perforin that impair its maturation // Blood. - 2004. - Vol.15. - N 4. - P.1244-1252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khakoo S., Thio C., Martin M., Brooks C.R., Gao X., Astemborski J., Cheng J., Goedert J.J., Vlahov D., Hilgartner M., Cox S., Little A.M., Alexander G.J., Gramp M.E., O’Brien S.J., Rosenberg W.M., Thomas D.L., Carrington M. HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection // Science. - 2004. - Vol.305. - P.872-874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khakoo S., Thio C., Martin M., Brooks C.R., Gao X., Astemborski J., Cheng J., Goedert J.J., Vlahov D., Hilgartner M., Cox S., Little A.M., Alexander G.J., Gramp M.E., O’Brien S.J., Rosenberg W.M., Thomas D.L., Carrington M. HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection // Science. - 2004. - Vol.305. - P.872-874.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.-H., Han S.-Y., Azam T., Yoon D.-Y., Dinarello Ch. Interleukin-32: a cytokine and inducer of TNFa // Immunity. - 2005. - Vol.22. - N 1. - P.131-142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.-H., Han S.-Y., Azam T., Yoon D.-Y., Dinarello Ch. Interleukin-32: a cytokine and inducer of TNFa // Immunity. - 2005. - Vol.22. - N 1. - P.131-142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Greenwald R., Lafuente E., Tzachanis D., Berezovskaya A., Freeman G., Sharpe A., Boussiotis V. Rap1-GTP is a negative regulator of Th cell function and promotes the generation of CD4+CD103+ regulatory T cells in vivo // J. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.175. - N 1. - P.3133-3139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L., Greenwald R., Lafuente E., Tzachanis D., Berezovskaya A., Freeman G., Sharpe A., Boussiotis V. Rap1-GTP is a negative regulator of Th cell function and promotes the generation of CD4+CD103+ regulatory T cells in vivo // J. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.175. - N 1. - P.3133-3139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loenen W., Bruggeman C., Wiertz E. Immune evasion by human cytomegalovirus: lessons in immunology and cell biology // Semin. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.13. - N 1. - P.41-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loenen W., Bruggeman C., Wiertz E. Immune evasion by human cytomegalovirus: lessons in immunology and cell biology // Semin. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.13. - N 1. - P.41-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu C., Sheu B., Chen T., Yang H., Hung K., Kao A., Chuang C., Wu J. Host TNF-alpha-1031 and -863 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms determine the risk of benign ulceration after H. pylory infection // Am. J. Gastroenterol. - 2005. - Vol.100. - N 6. - P. 1274-1284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu C., Sheu B., Chen T., Yang H., Hung K., Kao A., Chuang C., Wu J. Host TNF-alpha-1031 and -863 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms determine the risk of benign ulceration after H. pylory infection // Am. J. Gastroenterol. - 2005. - Vol.100. - N 6. - P. 1274-1284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonald A., Duffy M., Brady T.M., McKiernan S., Hall W., Hegarty J., Curry M., Mills K. CD4 T helper type 1 and regulatory T cells induced against the same epitopes on the core protein in HCV-infected persons // J. Infect. Dis. - 2002. - Vol.185. - P.720-727.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonald A., Duffy M., Brady T.M., McKiernan S., Hall W., Hegarty J., Curry M., Mills K. CD4 T helper type 1 and regulatory T cells induced against the same epitopes on the core protein in HCV-infected persons // J. Infect. Dis. - 2002. - Vol.185. - P.720-727.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGuirk P., McCann C., Mills K. Pathogenspecific T regulatory 1 cells induced in the respiratory tract by a bacterial molecule that stimulates IL-10 production by dendritic cells: a novel strategy for evasion of protective T helper type 1 responses by Bordetella pertussis // J. Exp. Med. - 2002. - Vol.195. - N 2. - P.221-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGuirk P., McCann C., Mills K. Pathogenspecific T regulatory 1 cells induced in the respiratory tract by a bacterial molecule that stimulates IL-10 production by dendritic cells: a novel strategy for evasion of protective T helper type 1 responses by Bordetella pertussis // J. Exp. Med. - 2002. - Vol.195. - N 2. - P.221-231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGuirk P., Mills K. Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells provoke a shift in the Th1/Th2 paradigm in immunity to infectious diseases // Trends Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.23. - N 9. - P.450-455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGuirk P., Mills K. Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells provoke a shift in the Th1/Th2 paradigm in immunity to infectious diseases // Trends Immunol. - 2002. - Vol.23. - N 9. - P.450-455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer C., May J., Luty A., Lell B., Kremsner P. TNFalpha-308A associated with shorter intervals of Plasmodium falciparum reinfections // Tissue antigens. - 2002. - Vol.59. - P.287-292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer C., May J., Luty A., Lell B., Kremsner P. TNFalpha-308A associated with shorter intervals of Plasmodium falciparum reinfections // Tissue antigens. - 2002. - Vol.59. - P.287-292.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moraham G., Boutlis C., Huang D., Pain A., Saunders J., Hobbs M., Granger D., Weinberg J., Peshu N., Mwaikambo E., Marsh K., Roberts D., Anstey N. A promoter polymorphism in the gene encoding IL-12p40 (IL12B) is associated with mortality from cerebral malaria and with reduced nitric oxide production // Genes Immunol.- 2002.- Vol.3. - P.414-418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moraham G., Boutlis C., Huang D., Pain A., Saunders J., Hobbs M., Granger D., Weinberg J., Peshu N., Mwaikambo E., Marsh K., Roberts D., Anstey N. A promoter polymorphism in the gene encoding IL-12p40 (IL12B) is associated with mortality from cerebral malaria and with reduced nitric oxide production // Genes Immunol.- 2002.- Vol.3. - P.414-418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosmann T., Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more // Immunol. Today. - 1996. - Vol.17.- N 3. - P.138-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosmann T., Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more // Immunol. Today. - 1996. - Vol.17.- N 3. - P.138-146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muhl H., Pfeilschifter J. IL-18 bioactivity: a novel target for immunopharmacological anti-inflammatory intervention // Eur. J. Parmacol. - 2004. - Vol.500. – N 1-3. - P.63-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muhl H., Pfeilschifter J. IL-18 bioactivity: a novel target for immunopharmacological anti-inflammatory intervention // Eur. J. Parmacol. - 2004. - Vol.500. – N 1-3. - P.63-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nash P., Barrett J., Cao J.-X., Hota-Mitchell Sh., Labani A. Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story // Immunol. Rev. - 1999. - Vol.168. - P.103-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nash P., Barrett J., Cao J.-X., Hota-Mitchell Sh., Labani A. Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story // Immunol. Rev. - 1999. - Vol.168. - P.103-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Netea M., Sutmuller R., Hermann C., Van der Graaf C., Van der Meer J., van Krieken J., Hartung T., Adema G., Kullberg B. Toll-like receptor 2 suppresses immunity against Candida albicans through induction of IL-10 and regulatory T cells // J. Immunol. - 2004. - Vol.172. - N 6. - P.3712-3718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Netea M., Sutmuller R., Hermann C., Van der Graaf C., Van der Meer J., van Krieken J., Hartung T., Adema G., Kullberg B. Toll-like receptor 2 suppresses immunity against Candida albicans through induction of IL-10 and regulatory T cells // J. Immunol. - 2004. - Vol.172. - N 6. - P.3712-3718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noone C., Lewis E., Frawely A., Newman R., Mahon B., Mills K., Johnson P. Novel mechanism of immunosuppression by influenza virus haemagglutinin: selective suppression of IL-12 p35 transcription in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells // J. Gen. Virol. - 2005. - Vol.86 (Pt 7). - P.1885-1890.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noone C., Lewis E., Frawely A., Newman R., Mahon B., Mills K., Johnson P. Novel mechanism of immunosuppression by influenza virus haemagglutinin: selective suppression of IL-12 p35 transcription in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells // J. Gen. Virol. - 2005. - Vol.86 (Pt 7). - P.1885-1890.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novick D., Schwartsburd B., Pinkus R., Suissa D., Belzer I., Sthoeger Z., Keane W., Chvatchko Y., Kim S., Fantuzzi G., Dinarello C., Rubinstein M. A novel IL-18BP ELISA shows elevated serum IL-18BP in sepsis and extensive decrease of free IL-18 // Cytokine. - 2001. - Vol.14. - N 6. - P.334-342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novick D., Schwartsburd B., Pinkus R., Suissa D., Belzer I., Sthoeger Z., Keane W., Chvatchko Y., Kim S., Fantuzzi G., Dinarello C., Rubinstein M. A novel IL-18BP ELISA shows elevated serum IL-18BP in sepsis and extensive decrease of free IL-18 // Cytokine. - 2001. - Vol.14. - N 6. - P.334-342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palosaari H., Parisien J., Rodriguez J., Ulane C., Horvath C. STAT protein interference and suppression of cytokine signal transduction by measles virus V protein // J. Virol. - 2003. - Vol.77. - N 13. - P.7635-7644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palosaari H., Parisien J., Rodriguez J., Ulane C., Horvath C. STAT protein interference and suppression of cytokine signal transduction by measles virus V protein // J. Virol. - 2003. - Vol.77. - N 13. - P.7635-7644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papiernik M. Natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Their role in the control of superantigen responses // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.180-189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papiernik M. Natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Their role in the control of superantigen responses // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.180-189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasare Ch., Medzhitov R. Toll-dependent control mechanisms of CD4 T cell activation // Immunity. - 2004. - Vol.21. - N 5. - P.733-741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasare Ch., Medzhitov R. Toll-dependent control mechanisms of CD4 T cell activation // Immunity. - 2004. - Vol.21. - N 5. - P.733-741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Portnoy D. Manipulation of innate immunity by bacterial pathogens // Curr. Opin. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.17. - N 1. - P.25-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Portnoy D. Manipulation of innate immunity by bacterial pathogens // Curr. Opin. Immunol. - 2005. - Vol.17. - N 1. - P.25-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Redmond W., Sherman L. Peripheral tolerance of CD8 T lymphocytes // Immunity. - 2005. - Vol.22. - P.275-284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Redmond W., Sherman L. Peripheral tolerance of CD8 T lymphocytes // Immunity. - 2005. - Vol.22. - P.275-284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roncarolo M., Bacchetta R., Bordignon C., Narula S., Levings M.K. Type 1 T regulatory cells // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.68-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roncarolo M., Bacchetta R., Bordignon C., Narula S., Levings M.K. Type 1 T regulatory cells // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.68-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sasaki K., Tsutsumi A., Wakamiya N., Ohtani K., Suzuki Y., Watanabe Y., Nakayama N., Koike T. Mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms in patients with hepatitis C virus infection // Scand. J. Gastroenterol. - 2000. - Vol. 35. - N 9. - P.960-965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sasaki K., Tsutsumi A., Wakamiya N., Ohtani K., Suzuki Y., Watanabe Y., Nakayama N., Koike T. Mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms in patients with hepatitis C virus infection // Scand. J. Gastroenterol. - 2000. - Vol. 35. - N 9. - P.960-965.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaefer G., Venkatamaran C., Schindler U. Cutting edge: FISP (IL-4-induced secreted protein), a novel cytokine-like molecule secreted by Th2 cells // J. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.166. - P.5859-5863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaefer G., Venkatamaran C., Schindler U. Cutting edge: FISP (IL-4-induced secreted protein), a novel cytokine-like molecule secreted by Th2 cells // J. Immunol. - 2001. - Vol.166. - P.5859-5863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh B., Reads S., Asseman C., Malmstrom V., Mottet C., Stephens L., Stepankova R., Tlaskalova H., Powrie F. Control of intenstinal inflammation by regulatory T cells // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.190-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh B., Reads S., Asseman C., Malmstrom V., Mottet C., Stephens L., Stepankova R., Tlaskalova H., Powrie F. Control of intenstinal inflammation by regulatory T cells // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.190-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stauffer Y., Marguerat S., Meylan F., Ucla C., Sutkowski N., Huber B., Pelet T., Conrad B. Interferon-a-induced endogenous superantigen. A model linking environment and autoimmunity // Immunity. - 2001. - Vol.15. – P.591-602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stauffer Y., Marguerat S., Meylan F., Ucla C., Sutkowski N., Huber B., Pelet T., Conrad B. Interferon-a-induced endogenous superantigen. A model linking environment and autoimmunity // Immunity. - 2001. - Vol.15. – P.591-602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutkowski N., Conrad B., Thorley-Lawson D., Huber B. Epstein-Barr virus transactivates the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K18 that encodes a superantigen // Immunity. - 2001. - Vol.15. - P.579-590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutkowski N., Conrad B., Thorley-Lawson D., Huber B. Epstein-Barr virus transactivates the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K18 that encodes a superantigen // Immunity. - 2001. - Vol.15. - P.579-590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanner J., Alfieri C. Epstein-Barr virus induces Fas(CD95) in T-cells and Fas ligand in B-cells leading to T-cell apoptosis // Blood. - 1999. - Vol.94. - N 10. - P.3439-3447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanner J., Alfieri C. Epstein-Barr virus induces Fas(CD95) in T-cells and Fas ligand in B-cells leading to T-cell apoptosis // Blood. - 1999. - Vol.94. - N 10. - P.3439-3447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tateda K., Ishii Y., Yamaguchi K. Quorumsensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - a novel target for antibacterial agents // Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi. - 2004. - Vol.59. - N 4. - P.543-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tateda K., Ishii Y., Yamaguchi K. Quorumsensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - a novel target for antibacterial agents // Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi. - 2004. - Vol.59. - N 4. - P.543-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tseng C., Klimpel G. Binding of the HVC envelope protein E2 to CD81 inhibits NK cell function // J. Exp. Med. - 2002. - Vol.195. - P.43-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseng C., Klimpel G. Binding of the HVC envelope protein E2 to CD81 inhibits NK cell function // J. Exp. Med. - 2002. - Vol.195. - P.43-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van de Vosse E., Lichtenauer-Kaligis E., van Dissel J., Ottenhoff T. Genetic variations in the IL-12/IL-23 receptor (beta1) chain, and implications for IL-12 and IL-23 receptor structure and function // Immunogenetics. - 2003. - Vol.54. - N12. - P.817-829.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van de Vosse E., Lichtenauer-Kaligis E., van Dissel J., Ottenhoff T. Genetic variations in the IL-12/IL-23 receptor (beta1) chain, and implications for IL-12 and IL-23 receptor structure and function // Immunogenetics. - 2003. - Vol.54. - N12. - P.817-829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villarino A., Hibbert L., Lieberman L., Wilson E., Mak T., Yoshida H., Kastelein R., Saris C., Hunter C. The IL-27R (WSX-1) is required to suppress T cell hyperactivity during infection // Immunity. - 2003. - Vol.19. - N5. - P.641-644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villarino A., Hibbert L., Lieberman L., Wilson E., Mak T., Yoshida H., Kastelein R., Saris C., Hunter C. The IL-27R (WSX-1) is required to suppress T cell hyperactivity during infection // Immunity. - 2003. - Vol.19. - N5. - P.641-644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vink C., Smit M., Leurs R., Bruggeman C. The role of cytomegalovirus-encoded homologs of G proteincoupled receptors and chemokines in manipulation of and evasion from the immune system // J. Clin. Virol. - 2001. - Vol.23. - N 1-2. - P.43-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vink C., Smit M., Leurs R., Bruggeman C. The role of cytomegalovirus-encoded homologs of G proteincoupled receptors and chemokines in manipulation of and evasion from the immune system // J. Clin. Virol. - 2001. - Vol.23. - N 1-2. - P.43-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiner H. Induction and mechanism of action of TGF-b-secreting Th3 regulatory cells // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.207-214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiner H. Induction and mechanism of action of TGF-b-secreting Th3 regulatory cells // Immunol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol.182. - P.207-214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wucherpfennig K. Structural basis of molecular mimicry // J. Autoimmunity. - 2001. - Vol.16. - P. 293-302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wucherpfennig K. Structural basis of molecular mimicry // J. Autoimmunity. - 2001. - Vol.16. - P. 293-302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto A., Deschamps I., Garchon H., Roussely H., Moreau N., Beaurain G., Robert J.J., Bach J.F. Young age and HLA markers enhance the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in antibody-positive siblings of diabetic children // J. Autoimmunity. - 1998. - Vol.11. - N 6. - P.643-650.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto A., Deschamps I., Garchon H., Roussely H., Moreau N., Beaurain G., Robert J.J., Bach J.F. Young age and HLA markers enhance the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in antibody-positive siblings of diabetic children // J. Autoimmunity. - 1998. - Vol.11. - N 6. - P.643-650.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
