<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-2011-2-3-237-246</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-455</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕХАНИЗМЫ АНТИПРОЛИФЕРАТИВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАССЕЯННЫМ СКЛЕРОЗОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MECHANISMS OF ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECT PRODUCED BY MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зафранская</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zafranskaya</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p><p>220136, Беларусь, г. Минск, а/я 57.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нижегородова</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizhegorodova</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юркевич</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurkevich</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багатка</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagatka</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванчик</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanchyk</surname><given-names>H. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммунологическая группа, Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мотузова</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Motuzova</surname><given-names>Yana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра нервных и нейрохирургических болезней</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федулов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedulov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра нервных и нейрохирургических болезней</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_zafr@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Белорусская медицинская академия последипломного образования, г. Минск</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, г. Минск</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2-3</issue><fpage>237</fpage><lpage>246</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зафранская М.М., Нижегородова Д.Б., Юркевич М.Ю., Багатка С.С., Иванчик Г.И., Мотузова Я.М., Федулов А.С., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зафранская М.М., Нижегородова Д.Б., Юркевич М.Ю., Багатка С.С., Иванчик Г.И., Мотузова Я.М., Федулов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zafranskaya M.M., Nizhegorodova D.B., Yurkevich M.Y., Bagatka S.S., Ivanchyk H.I., Motuzova Y.M., Fedulov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/455">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/455</self-uri><abstract><p>Резюме.  Изучена  способность  аутологичных  и  аллогенных  мезенхимальных  стволовых  клеток ранних  пассажей,  выделенных  из  костного  мозга  пациентов  с  рассеянным  склерозом,  ингибировать пролиферацию митоген/миелин-стимулированных Т-клеток памяти. Установлено, что степень выраженности  иммуносупрессивного  действия  мезенхимальных  стволовых  клеток  на  миелининдуцированную  пролиферацию  Т-лимфоцитов  достоверно  превышает  аналогичный  показатель по отношению к митоген-стимулированной пролиферации, что свидетельствует о возможной патогенетической  способности  мезенхимальных  стволовых  клеток  супрессировать  пролиферацию миелин-специфических  эффекторных  лимфоцитов.  Определены  механизмы  иммунорегуляторного  эффекта  мезенхимальных  стволовых  клеток.  Показано,  что  как  растворимые  факторы,  так и клеточно-опосредованное взаимодействие могут быть вовлечены в супрессивную активность мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. При этом растворимые посредники иммунорегуляторных свойств мезенхимальных стволовых клеток – простагландин Е2 и индолеамин 2,3-диоксигеназа – конститутивно ими не продуцируются, а требуют паракринного сигнала от Т-лимфоцитов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для индивидуального подхода к оценке иммуномодулирующих свойств мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и дальнейшего применения клеточных культур в патогенетической терапии рассеянного склероза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>простагландин Е2</kwd><kwd>индолеамин 2</kwd><kwd>3-диоксигеназа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune suppression</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>prostaglandin E2</kwd><kwd>indoleamine 2</kwd><kwd>3-dioxygenase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зафранская М.М., Федулов А.С., Нижегородова Д.Б., Мотузова Я.М., Юркевич М.Ю., Багатка С.С., Миланович Н.Ф. Влияние мезенхимальных стволовых клеток на пролиферацию Т-клеток памяти у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом // Вести Нац. Акад. Наук Беларуси. – 2010. – № 3. – C. 24-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зафранская М.М., Федулов А.С., Нижегородова Д.Б., Мотузова Я.М., Юркевич М.Ю., Багатка С.С., Миланович Н.Ф. Влияние мезенхимальных стволовых клеток на пролиферацию Т-клеток памяти у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом // Вести Нац. Акад. Наук Беларуси. – 2010. – № 3. – C. 24-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нижегородова Д.Б., Эберль М., Зафранская М.М. Современные аспекты иммунопатогенеза рассеянного склероза // Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология. – 2005. – № 2. – С. 44-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нижегородова Д.Б., Эберль М., Зафранская М.М. Современные аспекты иммунопатогенеза рассеянного склероза // Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология. – 2005. – № 2. – С. 44-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai L., Lennon D., Eaton V., Maier K., Caplan A., Miller S., Miller R. Human bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells induce Th2-polarized immune response and promote endogenous repair in animal models of multiple sclerosis // Glia. – 2009. – Vol. 57, N 11. – P. 1192-1203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai L., Lennon D., Eaton V., Maier K., Caplan A., Miller S., Miller R. Human bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells induce Th2-polarized immune response and promote endogenous repair in animal models of multiple sclerosis // Glia. – 2009. – Vol. 57, N 11. – P. 1192-1203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Nicola M., Carlo-Stella C., Magni M., Milanesi M., Lonqoni P., Matteucci P., Grisanti S., Gianni A. Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli // Blood. – 2002. – Vol. 99. – P. 3838-3843.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Nicola M., Carlo-Stella C., Magni M., Milanesi M., Lonqoni P., Matteucci P., Grisanti S., Gianni A. Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli // Blood. – 2002. – Vol. 99. – P. 3838-3843.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">English R., Ryan J., Tobin L., Murphy M., Barry F., Mahon B. Cell contact, PGE2 and TGF beta 1 play non-redundant roles in human mesenchymal stem cell induction of CD4+CD25HighFOXP3+ regulatory T cеlls // Clinical and Experimental Immunology. – 2009. – Vol.156. – P. 149-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">English R., Ryan J., Tobin L., Murphy M., Barry F., Mahon B. Cell contact, PGE2 and TGF beta 1 play non-redundant roles in human mesenchymal stem cell induction of CD4+CD25HighFOXP3+ regulatory T cеlls // Clinical and Experimental Immunology. – 2009. – Vol.156. – P. 149-160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerdoni E., Gallo B., Casazza S., Musio S., Bonanni I., Pedemonte E., Manteqazza R., Frassoni F., Mancardi G., Pedotti R., Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells effectively modulate pathogenic immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis // Ann. Neurol. – 2007. – Vol. 61, N 3. – P. 219-227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerdoni E., Gallo B., Casazza S., Musio S., Bonanni I., Pedemonte E., Manteqazza R., Frassoni F., Mancardi G., Pedotti R., Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells effectively modulate pathogenic immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis // Ann. Neurol. – 2007. – Vol. 61, N 3. – P. 219-227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glenie S., Soeiro I., Dyson P., Lam E., Dazzi F. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induce division arrest anergy of activated T cells. Blood 2005; 105:2821-2827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glenie S., Soeiro I., Dyson P., Lam E., Dazzi F. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induce division arrest anergy of activated T cells. Blood 2005; 105:2821-2827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hafler D. Multiple sclerosis // The journal of clinical investigation. – 2004. – Vol. 113, N 6. – Р. 788-794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hafler D. Multiple sclerosis // The journal of clinical investigation. – 2004. – Vol. 113, N 6. – Р. 788-794.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmoy T. Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: concepts and controversies // Acta Neurol. Scand. – 2007. – N 115. – Р. 39-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmoy T. Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: concepts and controversies // Acta Neurol. Scand. – 2007. – N 115. – Р. 39-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwu P., Du M., Lapointe R., Do M., Taylor M., Young H. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase production by human dendritic cells results in the inhibition of T-cell proliferation // J. Immunol. – 2000. – Vol. 164, N 7. – P. 3596-3599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwu P., Du M., Lapointe R., Do M., Taylor M., Young H. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase production by human dendritic cells results in the inhibition of T-cell proliferation // J. Immunol. – 2000. – Vol. 164, N 7. – P. 3596-3599.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karussis D., Kassis I., Kurkalli B., Slavin S. Immunomodulation and neuroprotection with mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (MSCs): a proposed treatment for multiple sclerosis and other neuroimmunological/neurodegenerative diseases // J. Neurol. Sci. – 2008. – Vol. 265, N 1-2. – Р. 131-135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karussis D., Kassis I., Kurkalli B., Slavin S. Immunomodulation and neuroprotection with mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (MSCs): a proposed treatment for multiple sclerosis and other neuroimmunological/neurodegenerative diseases // J. Neurol. Sci. – 2008. – Vol. 265, N 1-2. – Р. 131-135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koehler N., Genain C., Giesser B., Hauser S. The human T cell response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: a multiple sclerosis family-based study // J. Immunol. – 2002. – № 168. – Р. 5920-5927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koehler N., Genain C., Giesser B., Hauser S. The human T cell response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: a multiple sclerosis family-based study // J. Immunol. – 2002. – № 168. – Р. 5920-5927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krampera M., Franchini M., Pizzolo G., Aprili G. Mesenchymal stem cells: from biology to clinical use // Blood Transfus. – 2007. – Vol. 5. – P. 120-129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krampera M., Franchini M., Pizzolo G., Aprili G. Mesenchymal stem cells: from biology to clinical use // Blood Transfus. – 2007. – Vol. 5. – P. 120-129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meisel R., Zibert A., Laryea M., Gobel U., Daubener W., Dilloo D. Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation // Blood. – 2004. – Vol. 103, N 12. – Р. 4619-4621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meisel R., Zibert A., Laryea M., Gobel U., Daubener W., Dilloo D. Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation // Blood. – 2004. – Vol. 103, N 12. – Р. 4619-4621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellor A. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and regulation of T cell immunity // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. – 2005. – Vol. 338. – P. 20-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellor A. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and regulation of T cell immunity // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. – 2005. – Vol. 338. – P. 20-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller A., Prendergast G.C. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in immune suppression and cancer // Current Cancer Drug Targets. – 2007. – Vol. 7. – P. 31-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muller A., Prendergast G.C. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in immune suppression and cancer // Current Cancer Drug Targets. – 2007. – Vol. 7. – P. 31-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nauta А., Fibbe W. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells // Blood. – 2007. – Vol. 110. – P. 3499-3506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nauta А., Fibbe W. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells // Blood. – 2007. – Vol. 110. – P. 3499-3506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pender M., Wolfe N. Prevention of autoimmune attack and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: current therapies and future prospects // Intern. Med. J. – 2002. – Vol. 32, N 11. – Р. 554-563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pender M., Wolfe N. Prevention of autoimmune attack and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: current therapies and future prospects // Intern. Med. J. – 2002. – Vol. 32, N 11. – Р. 554-563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevosto C., Zancolli M., Canevali P., Zocchi M., Poggi A. Generation of CD4+/CD8+ regulatory T cells upon mesenchymal stem cell-lymphocyte interaction // Нaematologica. – 2007. – Vol. 92. – Р. 321-326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevosto C., Zancolli M., Canevali P., Zocchi M., Poggi A. Generation of CD4+/CD8+ regulatory T cells upon mesenchymal stem cell-lymphocyte interaction // Нaematologica. – 2007. – Vol. 92. – Р. 321-326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasmusson I., Ringden O., Sundberg B., Le Blank K. Mesenchymal stem cell inhibit lymphocytes proliferation by mitogens and alloantigens by different mechanisms // Exp. Cell. Res. – 2005. – Vol. 305. – Р. 33-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasmusson I., Ringden O., Sundberg B., Le Blank K. Mesenchymal stem cell inhibit lymphocytes proliferation by mitogens and alloantigens by different mechanisms // Exp. Cell. Res. – 2005. – Vol. 305. – Р. 33-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan J., Barry F., Murphy J., Mahon B. Interferon-γ does not break, but promotes the immunosuppressive capacity of adult human mesenchymal stem cells // Clin. Exp. Immunol. – 2007. – Vol. 149. – P. 353-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan J., Barry F., Murphy J., Mahon B. Interferon-γ does not break, but promotes the immunosuppressive capacity of adult human mesenchymal stem cells // Clin. Exp. Immunol. – 2007. – Vol. 149. – P. 353-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Y., Hu G., Su J., Li W., Chen Q., Shou P., Xu C., Chen X., Huang Y., Zhu Z., Huang X., Han X., Xie N., Ren G. Mesenchymal stem cells: a new strategy for immunosuppression and tissue repair // Cell Research. – 2010. – Vol. 20. – P. 510-518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Y., Hu G., Su J., Li W., Chen Q., Shou P., Xu C., Chen X., Huang Y., Zhu Z., Huang X., Han X., Xie N., Ren G. Mesenchymal stem cells: a new strategy for immunosuppression and tissue repair // Cell Research. – 2010. – Vol. 20. – P. 510-518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sospedra M., Martin R. Immunology of multiple sclerosis // Annual review immunology. – 2005. – N 23. – Р. 683-747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sospedra M., Martin R. Immunology of multiple sclerosis // Annual review immunology. – 2005. – N 23. – Р. 683-747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steinman L. Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis: the end of the beginning // Curr. Opin. Immunol. – 2001. – Vol. 13, N 5. – Р. 597-600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steinman L. Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis: the end of the beginning // Curr. Opin. Immunol. – 2001. – Vol. 13, N 5. – Р. 597-600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tilley S., Coffman T., Koller B. Mixed message: modulation of inflamation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxane // J. Clin. Invest. – 2001. – Vol. 108. – P. 15-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilley S., Coffman T., Koller B. Mixed message: modulation of inflamation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxane // J. Clin. Invest. – 2001. – Vol. 108. – P. 15-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tyndall A., Uccelli A. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for autoimmune diseases: teaching new dogs old tricks // Bone Marrow Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 43, N 11. – Р. 821-828.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyndall A., Uccelli A. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for autoimmune diseases: teaching new dogs old tricks // Bone Marrow Transplant. – 2009. – Vol. 43, N 11. – Р. 821-828.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uccelli A., Moretta L., Pistoia V. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease // Nat. Rev. Immunol. – 2008. – Vol. 8, N 9. – P. 726-736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uccelli A., Moretta L., Pistoia V. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease // Nat. Rev. Immunol. – 2008. – Vol. 8, N 9. – P. 726-736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zafranskaya M., Oschmann P., Engel R., Weishaupt A., van Noort J., Jomaa H., Eberl M. Interferon-β therapy reduce CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reactivity in multiple sclerosis // Immunology. – 2007. – Vol. 121, N 1. – P. 29-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zafranskaya M., Oschmann P., Engel R., Weishaupt A., van Noort J., Jomaa H., Eberl M. Interferon-β therapy reduce CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reactivity in multiple sclerosis // Immunology. – 2007. – Vol. 121, N 1. – P. 29-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zappia E., Casazza S., Pedemonte E., Benvenuto F., Bonanni I., Gerdoni E., Giunti D., Ceravolo A., Cazzanti F., Frassoni F., Mancardi G., Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inducing T cell anergy // Blood. – 2005. – Vol. 106, N 5. – P. 1755-1761.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zappia E., Casazza S., Pedemonte E., Benvenuto F., Bonanni I., Gerdoni E., Giunti D., Ceravolo A., Cazzanti F., Frassoni F., Mancardi G., Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inducing T cell anergy // Blood. – 2005. – Vol. 106, N 5. – P. 1755-1761.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Li Y., Chen J., Cui Y., Lu M., Elias S., Mitchell J. Human bone marrow stromal cell treatment improves neurological functional recovery in EAE mice // Exp. Neurol. – 2005. – Vol. 195. – P. 16-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Li Y., Chen J., Cui Y., Lu M., Elias S., Mitchell J. Human bone marrow stromal cell treatment improves neurological functional recovery in EAE mice // Exp. Neurol. – 2005. – Vol. 195. – P. 16-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
