mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-IOA-3468mimmun-3468Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSИММУНОПАТОГЕНЕЗ АЛЛЕРГИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ НОВОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ГИПЕРЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ С АКЦЕНТОМ НА РЕАКЦИИ В ЖЕНСКОМ ГЕНИТАЛЬНОМ ТРАКТЕIMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF ALLERGY IN THE CONTEXT OF A NEW HYPERSENSITIVITY CONCEPT WITH AN EMPHASIS ON REACTIONS IN THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACThttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-2817БычковаН. В.BychkovaN. V.

д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии

Dr. Sci. (Bio), Leading Researcher of Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

bnv19692007@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-3476КречетоваЛ. В.KrechetovaL. V.

д.м.н., заведующая лаборатории клинической иммунологии

 

Dr. Sci. (Med), Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

L_krechetova@oparina4.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-9065МежевитиноваЕ. А.MezhevitinovaE. A.

д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник научно-поликлинического отделения

Dr. Sci. (Med), Leading Researcher, Scientific and Outpatient Department

mejevitinova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-1360КепшаМ. А.KepshaM. A.

младший научный сотрудник, врач научно-поликлинического отделения

Junior Researcher, Physician, Scientific and Outpatient Department

m_kepsha@oparina4.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияV.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20191108202600Online First3468Copyright © Бычкова Н.В., Кречетова Л.В., Межевитинова Е.А., Кепша М.А., 20192019Бычкова Н.В., Кречетова Л.В., Межевитинова Е.А., Кепша М.А.Bychkova N.V., Krechetova L.V., Mezhevitinova E.A., Kepsha M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3468

Аллергические заболевания представляют комплексную социальную и медицинскую проблему ввиду возрастающей распространенности в популяции. Изучение их патогенеза имеет решающее значение для разработки новых методов диагностики и лечения. Трудность ведения пациентов с этой патологией усугубляется непростой диагностикой триггеров, разнообразием вероятных механизмов развития реакций, а также сложным выбором оптимальных схем терапии. Аллергические заболевания женского генитального тракта слабо освещены в литературе, несмотря на то, что представляют собой важную многоаспектную клиническую проблему, сочетающую элементы дерматологических, инфекционных и иммунологических нарушений. Целью работы стало обобщение данных об иммунопатогенезе аллергии в контексте новой концепции гиперчувствительности с акцентом на реакции в женском генитальном тракте. В статье представлен систематизированный обзор современных представлений о типах гиперчувствительности согласно расширенной классификации EAACI-2023 с указанием возможных триггеров, клеток-участников аллергического воспаления с инициирующими, дифференцировочными и эффекторными функциями, а также существенных гуморальных факторов с учетом основных стадий аллергической реакции. Акцент сделан на дополнительно выделенных типах гиперчувствительности, в которых ведущим фактором является нарушение эпителиального барьера, ожирение, дисбиоз слизистых и кожи или активация клеток-эффекторов не-IgE-опосредованными путями. Продемонстрировано, что аллергический компонент у пациенток гинекологического профиля не является редкой находкой. В развитии аллергических реакций женского генитального тракта могут быть задействованы любые типы гиперчувствительности, а также их сочетание. Проведен анализ возможных механизмов развития реакций гиперчувствительности при аллергическом контактном дерматите вульвы, аллергическом дерматите аногенитальной области и вульвовагините, ирритантном контактном дерматите вульвы, кандидозном вульвовагините. Подчеркнуто, что для эффективного лечения необходим комплексный подход – настороженность акушера-гинеколога в плане возможных причин дискомфорта аллергического характера, диагностика с использованием оптимального набора тестов для определения триггеров реакции и корректные рекомендации по устранению провоцирующих факторов и назначению терапии. В прикладном аспекте изучения патогенеза аллергических заболеваний рассмотрены возможные новые диагностические биомаркеры и мишени для купирования избыточного воспаления с помощью таргетных препаратов. Современная концепция иммунопатогенеза аллергии предлагает теоретическое обоснование для персонализации диагностики и лечения, учитывая преобладающий механизм гиперчувствительности. Применение патогенетически обоснованных лабораторных тестов позволит оптимизировать диагностику и терапию аллергических заболеваний различного, в том числе гинекологического, профиля для улучшения качества жизни пациентов.

Allergic diseases represent a complex social and medical problem due to their increasing prevalence in the population. Studying their pathogenesis is crucial for developing new diagnostic and treatment methods. The difficulty of managing patients with this pathology is exacerbated by the complexity of diagnosing triggers, the variety of possible mechanisms for developing reactions, and the difficulty of choosing optimal treatment regimens. Despite the fact that allergic diseases of the female genital tract are poorly documented in the literature, they represent an important clinical problem that combines elements of dermatological, infectious, and immunological disorders. The aim of this study was to summarize the data on the immunopathogenesis of allergies in the context of the new concept of hypersensitivity, focusing on reactions in the female genital tract. The article provides a systematic review of current knowledge about the types of hypersensitivity according to the EAACI-2023 classification, including possible triggers, cells involved in allergic inflammation with initiating, differentiating, and effector functions, as well as significant humoral factors, taking into account the main stages of an allergic reaction. Any type of hypersensitivity, as well as a combination of them, can be involved in the development of allergic reactions in the female genital tract. An analysis of possible mechanisms of development of hypersensitivity reactions in allergic contact dermatitis of the vulva, allergic dermatitis of the anogenital area and vulvovaginitis, irritant contact dermatitis of the vulva, Candida vulvovaginitis. It is emphasized that an effective treatment requires a comprehensive approach, including the obstetrician-gynecologist's awareness of potential causes of allergic discomfort, the use of an optimal set of tests to identify triggers, and appropriate recommendations for eliminating provoking factors and prescribing therapy. In the applied aspect of studying the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, possible new diagnostic biomarkers and targets for reducing excessive inflammation using targeted drugs are considered. Thus, the expanded concept of immunopathogenesis of allergy offers a theoretical basis for the personalization of diagnosis and treatment, taking into account the prevailing hypersensitivity mechanism. The use of pathogenetically justified laboratory tests will optimize the diagnosis and treatment of various allergic diseases, improving the quality of life for patients.

аллергиягиперчувствительностьвульвовагинитгенитальный контактный дерматитдиагностические биомаркеры.allergyhypersensitivityvulvovaginitisgenital contact dermatitisdiagnostic biomarkers.ReferencesЛитератураЛитератураБычкова Н.В. Новая номенклатура аллергических заболеваний и реакций гиперчувствительности // Цитокины и воспаление. – 2024. – Т.21, №1. - С.5–21.Бычкова Н.В. Новая номенклатура аллергических заболеваний и реакций гиперчувствительности // Цитокины и воспаление. – 2024. – Т.21, №1. - С.5–21.Bychkova N.V. New nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions. Cytokines and inflammation, 2024, Vol. 21, no.1, pp. 5–21.Bychkova N.V. New nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions. Cytokines and inflammation, 2024, Vol. 21, no.1, pp. 5–21.Бычкова Н.В., Кречетова Л.В., Межевитинова Е.А., Кепша М.А. Триггеры аллергических реакций в женском генитальном тракте и современные методы диагностики сенсибилизации // Акушерство и гинекология. - 2025. - №9. - С.46-55.Бычкова Н.В., Кречетова Л.В., Межевитинова Е.А., Кепша М.А. Триггеры аллергических реакций в женском генитальном тракте и современные методы диагностики сенсибилизации // Акушерство и гинекология. - 2025. - №9. - С.46-55.Bychkova N.V., Krechetova L.V., Mezhevitinova E.A., Kepsha M.A. Triggers of allergic reactions in the female genital tract and modern methods of sensitization diagnosis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, no.9, pp. 46-55.Bychkova N.V., Krechetova L.V., Mezhevitinova E.A., Kepsha M.A. Triggers of allergic reactions in the female genital tract and modern methods of sensitization diagnosis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, no.9, pp. 46-55.Клинические рекомендации. Аллергология и клиническая иммунология / Под ред. Хаитова Р.М., Ильиной Н.И. - М.:ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019. - 338с.Клинические рекомендации. Аллергология и клиническая иммунология / Под ред. Хаитова Р.М., Ильиной Н.И. - М.:ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019. - 338с.Clinical guidelines. Allergology and clinical immunology. Edited by Haitov R.M., Ilyina N.I. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019, 338 p.Clinical guidelines. Allergology and clinical immunology. Edited by Haitov R.M., Ilyina N.I. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019, 338 p.Клинические рекомендации. Пищевая аллергия. 2018. http://www.pediatr-russia.ru/kr-pa2018.pdfКлинические рекомендации. Пищевая аллергия. 2018. http://www.pediatr-russia.ru/kr-pa2018.pdfClinical guidelines. Food allergy. 2018. http://www.pediatr-russia.ru/kr-pa2018.pdfClinical guidelines. Food allergy. 2018. http://www.pediatr-russia.ru/kr-pa2018.pdfПавлова А.А., Долгушина Н.В., Латышева Е.А., Ковалева А.А., Колодько В.Г. Значение аллергии в развитии хронического вульвовагинита // Акушерство и Гинекология. - 2015. - №9. - С.68-74.Павлова А.А., Долгушина Н.В., Латышева Е.А., Ковалева А.А., Колодько В.Г. Значение аллергии в развитии хронического вульвовагинита // Акушерство и Гинекология. - 2015. - №9. - С.68-74.Pavlova A.A., Dolgushina N.V., Latysheva E.A., Kovaleva A.A., Kolodko V.G. The importance of allergy in the development of chronic vulvovaginitis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015, no. 9, pp. 68-74.Pavlova A.A., Dolgushina N.V., Latysheva E.A., Kovaleva A.A., Kolodko V.G. The importance of allergy in the development of chronic vulvovaginitis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015, no. 9, pp. 68-74.Чернова Н.И., Перламутров Ю.Н., Задорожная И.С., Носова Д.Б. Аллергия и рецидивирующий вульвовагинит // Доктор.Ру. - 2020. - Т. 19, № 8. - С.91-95.Чернова Н.И., Перламутров Ю.Н., Задорожная И.С., Носова Д.Б. Аллергия и рецидивирующий вульвовагинит // Доктор.Ру. - 2020. - Т. 19, № 8. - С.91-95.Chernova N.I., Perlamutrov Yu.N., Zadorozhnaya I.S., Nosova D.B. Allergy and recurrent vulvovaginitis. Doctor.Ru, 2020, Vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 91–95.Chernova N.I., Perlamutrov Yu.N., Zadorozhnaya I.S., Nosova D.B. Allergy and recurrent vulvovaginitis. Doctor.Ru, 2020, Vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 91–95.Abe S., Ohtsubo H. [two cases of allergic vulvovaginitis diagnosed by direct microscopic urine sediment examination]. Arerugi. 2024, Vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 201-205. Japanese.Abe S., Ohtsubo H. [two cases of allergic vulvovaginitis diagnosed by direct microscopic urine sediment examination]. Arerugi. 2024, Vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 201-205. Japanese.Admani S., Maghfour J., Jacob S.E. Localized systemic contact dermatitis: The vulva as a clue to identify allergen ingestion. Int. J. Womens Dermatol. 2021, Vol. 7(5Part B), pp. 843-844.Admani S., Maghfour J., Jacob S.E. Localized systemic contact dermatitis: The vulva as a clue to identify allergen ingestion. Int. J. Womens Dermatol. 2021, Vol. 7(5Part B), pp. 843-844.Agache I., Akdis C.A. Endotypes of allergic diseases and asthma: an important step in building blocks for the future of precision medicine. Allergol. Int. 2016, Vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 243-252.Agache I., Akdis C.A. Endotypes of allergic diseases and asthma: an important step in building blocks for the future of precision medicine. Allergol. Int. 2016, Vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 243-252.Amat-Samaranch V., López-Sánchez C., Tubau C., Puig L., Serra-Baldrich E. Vulvar allergic contact dermatitis caused by Magnolia officinalis bark extract. Contact Dermatitis. 2022, Vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 96-97.Amat-Samaranch V., López-Sánchez C., Tubau C., Puig L., Serra-Baldrich E. Vulvar allergic contact dermatitis caused by Magnolia officinalis bark extract. Contact Dermatitis. 2022, Vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 96-97.Arpaia N., Campbell C., Fan X., Dikiy S., van der Veeken J., deRoos P., Liu H., Cross J.R., Pfeffer K., Coffer P.J., Rudensky A.Y. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature. 2013, Vol. 504, no. 7480, pp. 451-455.Arpaia N., Campbell C., Fan X., Dikiy S., van der Veeken J., deRoos P., Liu H., Cross J.R., Pfeffer K., Coffer P.J., Rudensky A.Y. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature. 2013, Vol. 504, no. 7480, pp. 451-455.Assassi N., Robinson L., Zhang C., Rabin J.M. Personalized Management of Hydroxyquinoline Hypersensitivity in Pessary Care: A Case-Based Approach to Tailored Treatment. Reports (MDPI). 2025, Vol. 8, no. 3, pp.145.Assassi N., Robinson L., Zhang C., Rabin J.M. Personalized Management of Hydroxyquinoline Hypersensitivity in Pessary Care: A Case-Based Approach to Tailored Treatment. Reports (MDPI). 2025, Vol. 8, no. 3, pp.145.Bernstein J.A., Seidu L. Chronic vulvovaginal Candida hypersensitivity: An underrecognized and undertreated disorder by allergists. Allergy Rhinol. (Providence). 2015, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 44-49.Bernstein J.A., Seidu L. Chronic vulvovaginal Candida hypersensitivity: An underrecognized and undertreated disorder by allergists. Allergy Rhinol. (Providence). 2015, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 44-49.Blank S., Grosch J., Ollert M., Bilò M.B. Precision medicine in hymenoptera venom allergy: diagnostics, biomarkers, and therapy of different Endotypes and phenotypes. Front Immunol. 2020, Vol. 22, no. 11, 579409.Blank S., Grosch J., Ollert M., Bilò M.B. Precision medicine in hymenoptera venom allergy: diagnostics, biomarkers, and therapy of different Endotypes and phenotypes. Front Immunol. 2020, Vol. 22, no. 11, 579409.Blom T., Peschar T.G., Rustemeyer T., Franken S.M., Ipenburg N.A. Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Vulva. Contact Dermatitis. 2025, Vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 234-242.Blom T., Peschar T.G., Rustemeyer T., Franken S.M., Ipenburg N.A. Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Vulva. Contact Dermatitis. 2025, Vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 234-242.Bogacka E., Zemelka-Wiącek M., Agache I., Jędrzejczak-Czechowicz M., Groblewska A., Chełmińska M., Chałubiński M., Jutel M. Ocular Allergy Within the Framework of the EAACI Nomenclature of Allergic Diseases and Hypersensitivity Reactions. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2026, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 6-18.Bogacka E., Zemelka-Wiącek M., Agache I., Jędrzejczak-Czechowicz M., Groblewska A., Chełmińska M., Chałubiński M., Jutel M. Ocular Allergy Within the Framework of the EAACI Nomenclature of Allergic Diseases and Hypersensitivity Reactions. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2026, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 6-18.Brägelmann C., Wölber L., Susok L., Anemüller W., Prüßmann W., Ivanova I., Niebel D. Update vulval dermatology - diagnostics and therapy. J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 2025, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 65-86.Brägelmann C., Wölber L., Susok L., Anemüller W., Prüßmann W., Ivanova I., Niebel D. Update vulval dermatology - diagnostics and therapy. J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 2025, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 65-86.Burn M.S., Kwah J.H., Son M. Diagnosis and clinical management of drug allergies in obstetrics and gynecology: an expert review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2025, Vol. 232, no. 3, pp. 243-261.Burn M.S., Kwah J.H., Son M. Diagnosis and clinical management of drug allergies in obstetrics and gynecology: an expert review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2025, Vol. 232, no. 3, pp. 243-261.Carra S., Schatz M., Mertes P.M., Torres M.J., Fuchs F., Senna G., Castells M.C., Demoly P., Tanno L.K. Anaphylaxis and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Call for Public Health Actions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2021, Vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 4270-4278.Carra S., Schatz M., Mertes P.M., Torres M.J., Fuchs F., Senna G., Castells M.C., Demoly P., Tanno L.K. Anaphylaxis and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Call for Public Health Actions. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2021, Vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 4270-4278.Coombs P.R. and Gell P.G. Classification of Allergic Reactions Responsible for Clinical Hypersensitivity and Disease. Ed. Gell R.R. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1968, pp. 575-596.Coombs P.R. and Gell P.G. Classification of Allergic Reactions Responsible for Clinical Hypersensitivity and Disease. Ed. Gell R.R. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1968, pp. 575-596.Cornely O.A., Sprute R., Bassetti M., Chen S.C., Groll A.H., Kurzai O., Lass-Flörl C., Ostrosky-Zeichner L., Rautemaa-Richardson R., Revathi G., Santolaya M.E., White P.L., Alastruey-Izquierdo A., Arendrup M.C., Baddley J., Barac A., Ben-Ami R., Brink A.J., Grothe J.H., Guinea J., Hagen F., Hochhegger B., Hoenigl M., Husain S., Jabeen K., Jensen H.E., Kanj S.S., Koehler P., Lehrnbecher T., Lewis R.E., Meis J.F., Nguyen M.H., Pana Z.D., Rath P.M., Reinhold I., Seidel D., Takazono T., Vinh D.C., Zhang S.X., Afeltra J., Al-Hatmi A.M.S., Arastehfar A., Arikan-Akdagli S., Bongomin F., Carlesse F., Chayakulkeeree M., Chai L.Y.A., Chamani-Tabriz L., Chiller T., Chowdhary A., Clancy C.J., Colombo A.L., Cortegiani A., Corzo Leon D.E., Drgona L., Dudakova A., Farooqi J., Gago S., Ilkit M., Jenks J.D., Klimko N., Krause R., Kumar A., Lagrou K., Lionakis M.S., Lmimouni B.E., Mansour M.K., Meletiadis J., Mellinghoff S.C., Mer M., Mikulska M., Montravers P., Neoh C.F., Ozenci V., Pagano L., Pappas P., Patterson T.F., Puerta-Alcalde P., Rahimli L., Rahn S., Roilides E., Rotstein C., Ruegamer T., Sabino R., Salmanton-García J., Schwartz I.S., Segal E., Sidharthan N., Singhal T., Sinko J., Soman R., Spec A., Steinmann J., Stemler J., Taj-Aldeen S.J., Talento A.F., Thompson G.R. 3rd, Toebben C., Villanueva-Lozano H., Wahyuningsih R., Weinbergerová B., Wiederhold N., Willinger B., Woo P.C.Y., Zhu L.P. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2025, Vol. 25, no. 5, pp. e280-e293.Cornely O.A., Sprute R., Bassetti M., Chen S.C., Groll A.H., Kurzai O., Lass-Flörl C., Ostrosky-Zeichner L., Rautemaa-Richardson R., Revathi G., Santolaya M.E., White P.L., Alastruey-Izquierdo A., Arendrup M.C., Baddley J., Barac A., Ben-Ami R., Brink A.J., Grothe J.H., Guinea J., Hagen F., Hochhegger B., Hoenigl M., Husain S., Jabeen K., Jensen H.E., Kanj S.S., Koehler P., Lehrnbecher T., Lewis R.E., Meis J.F., Nguyen M.H., Pana Z.D., Rath P.M., Reinhold I., Seidel D., Takazono T., Vinh D.C., Zhang S.X., Afeltra J., Al-Hatmi A.M.S., Arastehfar A., Arikan-Akdagli S., Bongomin F., Carlesse F., Chayakulkeeree M., Chai L.Y.A., Chamani-Tabriz L., Chiller T., Chowdhary A., Clancy C.J., Colombo A.L., Cortegiani A., Corzo Leon D.E., Drgona L., Dudakova A., Farooqi J., Gago S., Ilkit M., Jenks J.D., Klimko N., Krause R., Kumar A., Lagrou K., Lionakis M.S., Lmimouni B.E., Mansour M.K., Meletiadis J., Mellinghoff S.C., Mer M., Mikulska M., Montravers P., Neoh C.F., Ozenci V., Pagano L., Pappas P., Patterson T.F., Puerta-Alcalde P., Rahimli L., Rahn S., Roilides E., Rotstein C., Ruegamer T., Sabino R., Salmanton-García J., Schwartz I.S., Segal E., Sidharthan N., Singhal T., Sinko J., Soman R., Spec A., Steinmann J., Stemler J., Taj-Aldeen S.J., Talento A.F., Thompson G.R. 3rd, Toebben C., Villanueva-Lozano H., Wahyuningsih R., Weinbergerová B., Wiederhold N., Willinger B., Woo P.C.Y., Zhu L.P. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2025, Vol. 25, no. 5, pp. e280-e293.D'Amato M., Pastore D., Lupia C., Candia C., Bruni A., Garofalo E., Longhini F., Maglio A., Petrone A., Vatrella A., Pelaia G., Pelaia C. Biologic Therapy in Severe Asthma: A Phenotype-Driven and Targeted Approach. J Clin Med. 2025, Vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 4749.D'Amato M., Pastore D., Lupia C., Candia C., Bruni A., Garofalo E., Longhini F., Maglio A., Petrone A., Vatrella A., Pelaia G., Pelaia C. Biologic Therapy in Severe Asthma: A Phenotype-Driven and Targeted Approach. J Clin Med. 2025, Vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 4749.de Bruin-Weller M.S., Boesjes C.M., Achten R.A., Beck L.A., Irvine A.D., Vestergaard C., de Graaf M., van Wijk F., Bakker D.S., Weidinger S. Biologics to Treat Atopic Dermatitis: Effectiveness, Safety, and Future Directions. Allergy. 2026, Vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 326-344.de Bruin-Weller M.S., Boesjes C.M., Achten R.A., Beck L.A., Irvine A.D., Vestergaard C., de Graaf M., van Wijk F., Bakker D.S., Weidinger S. Biologics to Treat Atopic Dermatitis: Effectiveness, Safety, and Future Directions. Allergy. 2026, Vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 326-344.Delgado Dolset M.I., Pablo-Torres C., Contreras N., Couto-Rodríguez A., Escolar-Peña A., Graña-Castro O., Izquierdo E., López-Rodríguez J.C., Macías-Camero A., Pérez-Gordo M., Villaseñor A., Zubeldia-Varela E., Barber D., Escribese M.M. Severe Allergy as a Chronic Inflammatory Condition From a Systems Biology Perspective. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 2024, Vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 550-584.Delgado Dolset M.I., Pablo-Torres C., Contreras N., Couto-Rodríguez A., Escolar-Peña A., Graña-Castro O., Izquierdo E., López-Rodríguez J.C., Macías-Camero A., Pérez-Gordo M., Villaseñor A., Zubeldia-Varela E., Barber D., Escribese M.M. Severe Allergy as a Chronic Inflammatory Condition From a Systems Biology Perspective. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 2024, Vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 550-584.Dencker A., Li H., Lyckestam Thelin I., Smith V., Nilsson C., Lundgren I., Ladfors L., Elfvin A. Health outcomes up to 5 years in children born as a second child after a previous caesarean section in a first pregnancy: a Swedish population-based register study between 1999 and 2015. B.M.J. Paediatr Open. 2025, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. e003026.Dencker A., Li H., Lyckestam Thelin I., Smith V., Nilsson C., Lundgren I., Ladfors L., Elfvin A. Health outcomes up to 5 years in children born as a second child after a previous caesarean section in a first pregnancy: a Swedish population-based register study between 1999 and 2015. B.M.J. Paediatr Open. 2025, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. e003026.Eubel J., Diepgen T.L., Weisshaar E. Allergien im Genitalbereich [Allergic diseases in the genital area]. Hautarzt. 2015, Vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 45-52. German.Eubel J., Diepgen T.L., Weisshaar E. Allergien im Genitalbereich [Allergic diseases in the genital area]. Hautarzt. 2015, Vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 45-52. German.Foote C.A., Brady S.P., Brady K.L., Clark N.S., Mercurio M.G. Vulvar dermatitis from allergy to moist flushable wipes. J. Low Genit. Tract Dis. 2014, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. E16-8.Foote C.A., Brady S.P., Brady K.L., Clark N.S., Mercurio M.G. Vulvar dermatitis from allergy to moist flushable wipes. J. Low Genit. Tract Dis. 2014, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. E16-8.Forde B., Yao L., Shaha R., Murphy S., Lunjani N., O'Mahony L. Immunomodulation by foods and microbes: Unravelling the molecular tango. Allergy. 2022, Vol. 77, no. 12, pp. 3513-3526.Forde B., Yao L., Shaha R., Murphy S., Lunjani N., O'Mahony L. Immunomodulation by foods and microbes: Unravelling the molecular tango. Allergy. 2022, Vol. 77, no. 12, pp. 3513-3526.Ghebrehiwet B., Joseph K. and Kaplan A.P. The bradykinin-forming cascade in anaphylaxis and ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema/airway obstruction. Front. Allergy 2024, Vol. 5, pp. 1302605.Ghebrehiwet B., Joseph K. and Kaplan A.P. The bradykinin-forming cascade in anaphylaxis and ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema/airway obstruction. Front. Allergy 2024, Vol. 5, pp. 1302605.Graziottin A., Murina F., Gambini D., Taraborrelli S., Gardella B., Campo M. VuNet Study Group. Vulvar pain: The revealing scenario of leading comorbidities in 1183 cases. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2020, Vol. 252, pp. 50-55.Graziottin A., Murina F., Gambini D., Taraborrelli S., Gardella B., Campo M. VuNet Study Group. Vulvar pain: The revealing scenario of leading comorbidities in 1183 cases. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2020, Vol. 252, pp. 50-55.Han Z., Fu J., Gong A., Ren W. Bacterial indole-3-propionic acid inhibits macrophage IL-1β production through targeting methionine metabolism. Sci. China Life Sci. 2025, Vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1118-1131.Han Z., Fu J., Gong A., Ren W. Bacterial indole-3-propionic acid inhibits macrophage IL-1β production through targeting methionine metabolism. Sci. China Life Sci. 2025, Vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1118-1131.Harper J., Zirwas M. Allergic contact dermatitis of the vagina and perineum: causes, incidence of, and differentiating factors. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015, Vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 153-157.Harper J., Zirwas M. Allergic contact dermatitis of the vagina and perineum: causes, incidence of, and differentiating factors. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015, Vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 153-157.Haverhoek E., Reid C., Gordon L., Marshman G., Wood J., Selva-Nayagam P. Prospective study of patch testing in patients with vulval pruritus. Australas J. Dermatol. 2008, Vol. 49, pp. 80-85.Haverhoek E., Reid C., Gordon L., Marshman G., Wood J., Selva-Nayagam P. Prospective study of patch testing in patients with vulval pruritus. Australas J. Dermatol. 2008, Vol. 49, pp. 80-85.Hildebrand J.P., Carlson K., Kansagor A.T. Vaginitis. 2025. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025.Hildebrand J.P., Carlson K., Kansagor A.T. Vaginitis. 2025. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025.Honda T. A new era in atopic dermatitis treatment and evolving therapeutic strategies. Immunol. Med. 2026, Vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 22-34.Honda T. A new era in atopic dermatitis treatment and evolving therapeutic strategies. Immunol. Med. 2026, Vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 22-34.Hui-Beckman J.W., Goleva E., Berdyshev E., Leung D.Y.M. Endotypes of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2023, Vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 26-28.Hui-Beckman J.W., Goleva E., Berdyshev E., Leung D.Y.M. Endotypes of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2023, Vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 26-28.Hutton J. Resolution of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Symptoms Following Dietary Elimination of Tomato and Nightshade Vegetables: A Case Report. Cureus. 2025, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. e91862.Hutton J. Resolution of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Symptoms Following Dietary Elimination of Tomato and Nightshade Vegetables: A Case Report. Cureus. 2025, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. e91862.Jaeger M., Carvalho A., Cunha C., Plantinga T.S., van de Veerdonk F., Puccetti M., Galosi C., Joosten L.A., Dupont B., Kullberg B.J., Sobel J.D., Romani L., Netea M.G. Association of a variable number tandem repeat in the NLRP3 gene in women with susceptibility to RVVC. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2016, Vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 797-801.Jaeger M., Carvalho A., Cunha C., Plantinga T.S., van de Veerdonk F., Puccetti M., Galosi C., Joosten L.A., Dupont B., Kullberg B.J., Sobel J.D., Romani L., Netea M.G. Association of a variable number tandem repeat in the NLRP3 gene in women with susceptibility to RVVC. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2016, Vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 797-801.Jutel M., Agache I., Zemelka-Wiacek M., Akdis M., Chivato T., Del Giacco S., Gajdanowicz P., Gracia I.E., Klimek L., Lauerma A., Ollert M., O'Mahony L., Schwarze J., Shamji M.H., Skypala I., Palomares O., Pfaar O., Torres M.J., Bernstein J.A., Cruz A.A., Durham S.R., Galli S.J., Gómez R.M., Guttman-Yassky E., Haahtela T., Holgate S.T., Izuhara K., Kabashima K., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., von Mutius E., Nadeau K.C., Pawankar R., Platts-Mills T.A.E., Sicherer S.H., Park H.S., Vieths S., Wong G., Zhang L., Bilò M.B., Akdis C.A. Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2023, Vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 2851-2874.Jutel M., Agache I., Zemelka-Wiacek M., Akdis M., Chivato T., Del Giacco S., Gajdanowicz P., Gracia I.E., Klimek L., Lauerma A., Ollert M., O'Mahony L., Schwarze J., Shamji M.H., Skypala I., Palomares O., Pfaar O., Torres M.J., Bernstein J.A., Cruz A.A., Durham S.R., Galli S.J., Gómez R.M., Guttman-Yassky E., Haahtela T., Holgate S.T., Izuhara K., Kabashima K., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., von Mutius E., Nadeau K.C., Pawankar R., Platts-Mills T.A.E., Sicherer S.H., Park H.S., Vieths S., Wong G., Zhang L., Bilò M.B., Akdis C.A. Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2023, Vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 2851-2874.Kamata M., Sun D.I., Paller A.S. Deciding Which Patients With Atopic Dermatitis to Prioritize for Biologics and Janus Kinase Inhibitors. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2025, Vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1901-1910.e1.Kamata M., Sun D.I., Paller A.S. Deciding Which Patients With Atopic Dermatitis to Prioritize for Biologics and Janus Kinase Inhibitors. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2025, Vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1901-1910.e1.Keir H.R., Chalmers J.D. Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2022, Vol. 31, no. 163, pp. 210241.Keir H.R., Chalmers J.D. Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2022, Vol. 31, no. 163, pp. 210241.Khramova R.N., Eliseeva T.I., Ovsyannikov D.Y., Tush E.V., Karpenko M.A., Shamrikova A.A., Kubysheva N.I., Bulgakova V.A., Khaletskaya O.V., Geppe N.A., Batyrshin I.Z. The Influence of Body Mass Index on Monocytes and Eosinophil Levels and Their Relationship With Spirometric Parameters in Children and Adolescents With Bronchial Asthma. Can. Respir. J. 2025, Vol. 12, pp. 7534325.Khramova R.N., Eliseeva T.I., Ovsyannikov D.Y., Tush E.V., Karpenko M.A., Shamrikova A.A., Kubysheva N.I., Bulgakova V.A., Khaletskaya O.V., Geppe N.A., Batyrshin I.Z. The Influence of Body Mass Index on Monocytes and Eosinophil Levels and Their Relationship With Spirometric Parameters in Children and Adolescents With Bronchial Asthma. Can. Respir. J. 2025, Vol. 12, pp. 7534325.Levy M., Thaiss C.A., Zeevi D., Dohnalová L., Zilberman-Schapira G., Mahdi J.A., David E., Savidor A., Korem T., Herzig Y., Pevsner-Fischer M., Shapiro H., Christ A., Harmelin A., Halpern Z., Latz E., Flavell R.A., Amit I., Segal E., Elinav E. Microbiota-Modulated Metabolites Shape the Intestinal Microenvironment by Regulating NLRP6 Inflammasome Signaling. Cell. 2015, Vol. 163, no. 6, pp. 1428-1443.Levy M., Thaiss C.A., Zeevi D., Dohnalová L., Zilberman-Schapira G., Mahdi J.A., David E., Savidor A., Korem T., Herzig Y., Pevsner-Fischer M., Shapiro H., Christ A., Harmelin A., Halpern Z., Latz E., Flavell R.A., Amit I., Segal E., Elinav E. Microbiota-Modulated Metabolites Shape the Intestinal Microenvironment by Regulating NLRP6 Inflammasome Signaling. Cell. 2015, Vol. 163, no. 6, pp. 1428-1443.Li W., Marx N., Yang Q., Fang D., Zhang Y. Obesity: Next game changer of allergic airway diseases? Clin. Transl. Med. 2025, Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. e70316.Li W., Marx N., Yang Q., Fang D., Zhang Y. Obesity: Next game changer of allergic airway diseases? Clin. Transl. Med. 2025, Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. e70316.Liu C., de Gannes G. Recurrent Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Bacitracin Used in Pocket Irrigation During Breast Reconstruction Surgery. Plast. Surg. (Oakv). 2024, Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 762-764.Liu C., de Gannes G. Recurrent Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Bacitracin Used in Pocket Irrigation During Breast Reconstruction Surgery. Plast. Surg. (Oakv). 2024, Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 762-764.Lucke T.W., Fleming C.J., McHenry P., Lever R. Patch testing in vulval dermatoses: how relevant is nickel? Contact Dermatitis. 1998, Vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 111-112.Lucke T.W., Fleming C.J., McHenry P., Lever R. Patch testing in vulval dermatoses: how relevant is nickel? Contact Dermatitis. 1998, Vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 111-112.Miraglia Del Giudice M., Dinardo G., Grella C., Perrotta A., Indolfi C., Klain A. Ultra-Processed Foods and Respiratory and Allergic Diseases in Childhood: Epidemiological Evidence and Mechanistic Insights. Nutrients. 2025, Vol. 17, no. 20, pp. 3269.Miraglia Del Giudice M., Dinardo G., Grella C., Perrotta A., Indolfi C., Klain A. Ultra-Processed Foods and Respiratory and Allergic Diseases in Childhood: Epidemiological Evidence and Mechanistic Insights. Nutrients. 2025, Vol. 17, no. 20, pp. 3269.Moraes P.S., Taketomi E.A. Allergic vulvovaginitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000, Vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 253-265; quiz 265-267.Moraes P.S., Taketomi E.A. Allergic vulvovaginitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000, Vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 253-265; quiz 265-267.Muraro A., Lemanske R.F. Jr., Castells M., Torres M.J., Khan D., Simon H.U., Bindslev-Jensen C., Burks W., Poulsen L.K., Sampson H.A., Worm M., Nadeau K.C. Precision medicine in allergic disease-food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis - PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Allergy. 2017, Vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 1006-1021.Muraro A., Lemanske R.F. Jr., Castells M., Torres M.J., Khan D., Simon H.U., Bindslev-Jensen C., Burks W., Poulsen L.K., Sampson H.A., Worm M., Nadeau K.C. Precision medicine in allergic disease-food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis - PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Allergy. 2017, Vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 1006-1021.Nguyen H.L., Yiannias J.A. Contact dermatitis to medications and skin products. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2019, Vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 41-59.Nguyen H.L., Yiannias J.A. Contact dermatitis to medications and skin products. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2019, Vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 41-59.Oliveira A.S., Rolo J., Gaspar C., Palmeira de Oliveira R., Martinez de Oliveira J, Palmeira de Oliveira A. Allergic vulvovaginitis: a systematic literature review. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022, Vol. 306, no. 3, pp. 593-622.Oliveira A.S., Rolo J., Gaspar C., Palmeira de Oliveira R., Martinez de Oliveira J, Palmeira de Oliveira A. Allergic vulvovaginitis: a systematic literature review. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022, Vol. 306, no. 3, pp. 593-622.Ozturk S., Caliskaner Z., Karaayvaz M., Dede M., Gulec M. Hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with recurrent vulvovaginitis of undetermined etiology. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2007, Vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 496-500.Ozturk S., Caliskaner Z., Karaayvaz M., Dede M., Gulec M. Hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with recurrent vulvovaginitis of undetermined etiology. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2007, Vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 496-500.Paladine H.L., Desai U.A. Vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician. 2018, Vol. 97, pp. 321–329.Paladine H.L., Desai U.A. Vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician. 2018, Vol. 97, pp. 321–329.Peckruhn M., Elsner P. Erkrankungen der Vulva [Vulvar diseases]. Hautarzt. 2015, Vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 38-44. German.Peckruhn M., Elsner P. Erkrankungen der Vulva [Vulvar diseases]. Hautarzt. 2015, Vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 38-44. German.Peer A., Samuelson D.R. The Role of the Microbiome in Allergy, Asthma, and Occupational Lung Disease. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024, Vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 415-423.Peer A., Samuelson D.R. The Role of the Microbiome in Allergy, Asthma, and Occupational Lung Disease. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024, Vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 415-423.Pichler W.J., Brüggen M.C. Viral infections and drug hypersensitivity. Allergy. 2023, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 60-70.Pichler W.J., Brüggen M.C. Viral infections and drug hypersensitivity. Allergy. 2023, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 60-70.Pichler W.J. Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions: How p-i transforms pharmacology into immunology. Allergol. Int. 2025, Vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 33-41.Pichler W.J. Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions: How p-i transforms pharmacology into immunology. Allergol. Int. 2025, Vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 33-41.Raef H.S., Elmariah S.B. Vulvar Pruritus: A Review of Clinical Associations, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2021, Vol. 8, pp.649402.Raef H.S., Elmariah S.B. Vulvar Pruritus: A Review of Clinical Associations, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2021, Vol. 8, pp.649402.Rosati D., Bruno M., Jaeger M., Ten Oever J., Netea M.G. Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: An Immunological Perspective. Microorganisms. 2020, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp.144.Rosati D., Bruno M., Jaeger M., Ten Oever J., Netea M.G. Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: An Immunological Perspective. Microorganisms. 2020, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp.144.Schacher K., Dalloul M., Muneyyirci-Delale O. Seminal plasma hypersensitivity: A systematic review of clinical presentation, diagnostics, and management options. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2024, Vol. 91, no. 5, pp. e13865.Schacher K., Dalloul M., Muneyyirci-Delale O. Seminal plasma hypersensitivity: A systematic review of clinical presentation, diagnostics, and management options. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2024, Vol. 91, no. 5, pp. e13865.Schlosser B.J. Contact dermatitis of the vulva. Dermatol. Clin. 2010, Vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 697-706.Schlosser B.J. Contact dermatitis of the vulva. Dermatol. Clin. 2010, Vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 697-706.Sheen C.H., Schleimer R.P., Kulka M. Codeine induces human mast cell chemokine and cytokine production: involvement of G-protein activation. Allergy. 2007, Vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 532-538.Sheen C.H., Schleimer R.P., Kulka M. Codeine induces human mast cell chemokine and cytokine production: involvement of G-protein activation. Allergy. 2007, Vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 532-538.Slodownik D., Bar J., Daniely D. Trends in contact sensitization, results, and implications from a contact dermatitis clinic in Israel. Contact Dermatitis. 2024, Vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 556-565.Slodownik D., Bar J., Daniely D. Trends in contact sensitization, results, and implications from a contact dermatitis clinic in Israel. Contact Dermatitis. 2024, Vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 556-565.Szebeni J., Alving C.R., Savay S., Barenholz Y., Priev A., Danino D., Talmon Y. Formation of complement-activating particles in aqueous solutions of Taxol: possible role in hypersensitivity reactions. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2001, Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 721-735.Szebeni J., Alving C.R., Savay S., Barenholz Y., Priev A., Danino D., Talmon Y. Formation of complement-activating particles in aqueous solutions of Taxol: possible role in hypersensitivity reactions. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2001, Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 721-735.Szegedi A., Komlósi Z.I., Kapitány A., Bata-Csörgő Z., Koncz G., Bácsi A. The Complex Nomenclature of Allergic Diseases and Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Addendum to the EAACI Position Paper. Allergy. 2025, Vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1162-1165.Szegedi A., Komlósi Z.I., Kapitány A., Bata-Csörgő Z., Koncz G., Bácsi A. The Complex Nomenclature of Allergic Diseases and Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Addendum to the EAACI Position Paper. Allergy. 2025, Vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1162-1165.Thakker S., Stirrat T., Brody A., Patel D., Laughter M., Benson J.E., Gray T., Pomeranz M.K. Approach to the Patient With Vulvar Disease. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2026, Feb 9.Thakker S., Stirrat T., Brody A., Patel D., Laughter M., Benson J.E., Gray T., Pomeranz M.K. Approach to the Patient With Vulvar Disease. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2026, Feb 9.Theodoropoulos D.S., Stockdale C.K., Duquette D.R., Morris M.S. Inhalant allergy compounding the chronic vaginitis syndrome: characterization of sensitization patterns, comorbidities and responses to sublingual immunotherapy. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2016, Vol. 294, no. 3, pp. 541-548.Theodoropoulos D.S., Stockdale C.K., Duquette D.R., Morris M.S. Inhalant allergy compounding the chronic vaginitis syndrome: characterization of sensitization patterns, comorbidities and responses to sublingual immunotherapy. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2016, Vol. 294, no. 3, pp. 541-548.Thompson-Souza G.A., Vasconcelos C.R.I., Neves J.S. Eosinophils: focus on DNA extracellular traps. Life Sci. 2022, Vol. 311 (Pt B), pp.121191.Thompson-Souza G.A., Vasconcelos C.R.I., Neves J.S. Eosinophils: focus on DNA extracellular traps. Life Sci. 2022, Vol. 311 (Pt B), pp.121191.Trautmann A., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Krüger K., Crameri R., Akdis M., Akkaya A., Bröcker E.B., Blaser K., Akdis C.A. T cells and eosinophils cooperate in the induction of bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002, Vol. 109, no 2, pp. 329-337.Trautmann A., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Krüger K., Crameri R., Akdis M., Akkaya A., Bröcker E.B., Blaser K., Akdis C.A. T cells and eosinophils cooperate in the induction of bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002, Vol. 109, no 2, pp. 329-337.Ückert S., Sonnenberg J.E., Albrecht K., Kuczyk M.A., Hedlund P. Expression and distribution of the transient receptor potential cationic channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the human vagina. Int. J. Impot. Res. 2015, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 16-19.Ückert S., Sonnenberg J.E., Albrecht K., Kuczyk M.A., Hedlund P. Expression and distribution of the transient receptor potential cationic channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the human vagina. Int. J. Impot. Res. 2015, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 16-19.Vandeweege S., Debaene B., Lapeere H., Verstraelen H. A systematic review of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis of the vulva: The most important allergens/irritants and the role of patch testing. Contact Dermatitis. 2023, Vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 249-262.Vandeweege S., Debaene B., Lapeere H., Verstraelen H. A systematic review of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis of the vulva: The most important allergens/irritants and the role of patch testing. Contact Dermatitis. 2023, Vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 249-262.von der Gathen Y., Sander I., Flagge A., Brüning T., Raulf-Heimsoth M. Quantification of protein and latex allergen content of various natural rubber latex products. Allergol. Select. 2017, Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 109-119.von der Gathen Y., Sander I., Flagge A., Brüning T., Raulf-Heimsoth M. Quantification of protein and latex allergen content of various natural rubber latex products. Allergol. Select. 2017, Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 109-119.Wedi B., Gehring M., Kapp A. The pseudoallergen receptor MRGPRX2 on peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils: Expression and function. Allergy. 2020, Vol. 75, no 9, pp. 2229-2242.Wedi B., Gehring M., Kapp A. The pseudoallergen receptor MRGPRX2 on peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils: Expression and function. Allergy. 2020, Vol. 75, no 9, pp. 2229-2242.Woodruff C.M., Trivedi M.K., Botto N., Kornik R. Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Vulva. Dermatitis. 2018, Vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 233-243.Woodruff C.M., Trivedi M.K., Botto N., Kornik R. Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Vulva. Dermatitis. 2018, Vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 233-243.Zelante T., Iannitti R.G., Cunha C., De Luca A., Giovannini G., Pieraccini G., Zecchi R., D'Angelo C., Massi-Benedetti C., Fallarino F., Carvalho A., Puccetti P., Romani L. Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22. Immunity. 2013, Vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 372-85.Zelante T., Iannitti R.G., Cunha C., De Luca A., Giovannini G., Pieraccini G., Zecchi R., D'Angelo C., Massi-Benedetti C., Fallarino F., Carvalho A., Puccetti P., Romani L. Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22. Immunity. 2013, Vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 372-85.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.