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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-PHA-3456</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3456</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотипическая гетерогенность и функциональные паттерны иммунной системы у женщин репродуктивного возраста: анализ главных компонент (CATPCA)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotypic heterogeneity and functional patterns of the immune system in women of reproductive age: component analysis of the principal components (CATPCA)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савочкина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savochkina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой Микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО ЮУГМУ Минздрава России.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, Head of the department of microbiology, virology and immunology FSBEI HE SUSMU MOH Russia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina7423@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9084-0577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минасова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minasova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник НИИ иммунологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of biological sciences, senior research associate at the research institute of immunology FSBEI HE SUSMU MOH Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pandora_anna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нохрин</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nokhrin</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, доцент кафедры Микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of microbiology, immunology and general Biology FSBEI HE CSU</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nokhrin8@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батурина</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baturina</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики НИИ иммунологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics at the Research Institute of Immunology FSBEI HE SUSMU MOH Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irisha_baturina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, НИИ иммунологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "South-Ural state medical university" of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation, research institute of immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>3456</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савочкина А.Ю., Минасова А.А., Нохрин Д.Ю., Батурина И.Л., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савочкина А.Ю., Минасова А.А., Нохрин Д.Ю., Батурина И.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savochkina A.Y., Minasova A.A., Nokhrin D.Y., Baturina I.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3456">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3456</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Современная клиническая иммунология переходит к системному анализу многомерных функциональных связей, рассматривая женский организм как динамическую систему, где гомеостаз поддерживается взаимодействием метаболических факторов, барьерной резистентности и клеточного надзора. Актуальность исследования обусловлена ростом метаболических нарушений, выступающих триггерами системного воспаления низкой интенсивности, что ведет к фенотипической инверсии нейтрофилов и преждевременному истощению функционального резерва иммунитета. Цель. Целью работы стала оценка влияния метаболических и барьерных факторов на формирование индивидуальных паттернов иммунной системы женщин репродуктивного возраста с использованием нелинейного анализа главных компонент. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 84 условно-здоровые женщины, у которых анализировали расширенную иммунограмму, субпопуляции нейтрофилов методом проточной цитометрии, показатели функциональной активности нейтрофилов. Статистическая обработка проводилась методом нелинейного анализа главных компонент, что позволило осуществить оптимальное масштабирование переменных и выделить независимые векторы иммунной адаптации. Результаты. В ходе анализа выделены три главные компоненты. Первая компонента описывает механизм метаболически-ассоциированного воспаления, где рост индекса массы тела коррелирует с количественной экспансией лейкоцитов и лимфоцитов, но сопровождается снижением бактерицидного потенциала и накоплением старых и иммуносупрессорных форм нейтрофилов. Вторая компонента характеризует вектор барьерного дефицита, при котором критическое снижение уровня иммуноглобулина класса А ведет к компенсаторной мобилизации агрессивных стареющих форм нейтрофилов и активации врожденных лимфоидных клеток, создавая риск гиперэргических реакций. Третья компонента отражает модель оптимального надзора, основанную на гармоничном сочетании зрелых сегментоядерных нейтрофилов и цитотоксических лимфоцитов, что обеспечивает эффективную противовирусную защиту и поддержание клеточного гомеостаза. Установлено, что возраст после тридцати трех лет является критической точкой, за которой кумулятивное влияние метаболических факторов начинает превалировать над физиологическими механизмами, смещая профиль от стадии максимальной пластичности к формированию признаков иммунологического старения. Выводы. Проведенное исследование доказывает, что иммунная система женщин функционирует как многомерная сеть, в которой векторы метаболического напряжения, барьерной защиты и цитотоксического надзора находятся в динамическом взаимодействии. Индекс массы тела выступает ключевым модулятором, переводящим систему из состояния качественного надзора в модель функциональной хрупкости. Интегративная оценка выделенных факторов позволяет проводить прецизионный мониторинг здоровья и идентифицировать скрытые признаки иммунологической деградации задолго до появления клинических симптомов заболеваний, что открывает новые возможности для персонализированной предиктивной медицины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Modern clinical immunology is shifting towards systemic analysis of multidimensional functional interactions, viewing the female body as a dynamic system where homeostasis is sustained through interplay of metabolic factors, barrier resistance, and cellular surveillance. The growing prevalence of metabolic disorders, which act as triggers of low-intensity systemic inflammation, leads to phenotypic neutrophil inversion and premature depletion of functional immune reserve, underscoring the relevance of this study. Objective. To assess the influence of metabolic and barrier factors on formation of individual immune system patterns in reproductive-age women using nonlinear principal component analysis. Materials and Methods. A total of 84 conditionally healthy women were examined. Immunophenotyping included extended immunogram analysis and neutrophil subpopulation assessment performed by flow cytometry; additionally, functional activity of neutrophils was evaluated. Statistical processing was carried out using nonlinear principal component analysis with optimal scaling of variables to identify independent vectors of immune adaptation. Results. Three principal components were identified. The first component reflects metabolic-associated inflammation: increased body mass index correlates with quantitative expansion of leukocytes and lymphocytes but is accompanied by reduced bactericidal potential and accumulation of senescent and immunosuppressive neutrophil forms. The second component characterizes barrier deficiency, where a critical decrease in immunoglobulin A levels leads to compensatory mobilization of aging neutrophils and activation of innate lymphoid cells, creating risk of hyperergic reactions. The third component represents an optimal surveillance model based on harmonious combination of mature segmented neutrophils and cytotoxic lymphocytes, ensuring effective antiviral protection and cellular homeostasis. The age of 33 years was identified as a critical threshold beyond which cumulative metabolic influences override physiological mechanisms, shifting the immune profile from maximum plasticity towards immunological aging. Conclusions. The immune system of women functions as a multidimensional network in which metabolic stress, barrier protection, and cytotoxic surveillance dynamically interact. Body mass index serves as key modulator that transforms the system from state of qualitative surveillance to functional fragility. Integrative assessment of these factors enables precision health monitoring and detection of hidden signs of immunological degradation long before clinical symptom onset, opening new avenues for personalized predictive medicine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иммунный статус</kwd><kwd>иммунофенотипирование</kwd><kwd>старение нейтрофилов</kwd><kwd>гетерогенность</kwd><kwd>CATPCA</kwd><kwd>репродуктивный возраст</kwd><kwd>пластичность.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune status</kwd><kwd>immunophenotyping</kwd><kwd>neutrophil aging</kwd><kwd>heterogeneity</kwd><kwd>CATPCA</kwd><kwd>reproductive age</kwd><kwd>plasticity.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО ЮУГМУ</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "South-Ural state medical university" of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушин И. 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