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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-AUP-3440</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый взгляд на иммунопатогенез генитального эндометриоза сквозь призму γδТ-клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An updated perspective on the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis through the prism of γδT cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7208-3575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкашина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkashina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела гинекологии и эндокринологии, врач акушер-гинеколог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research assistant, obstetrician-gynecologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sonyach@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-2531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент, заведующий отделом иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">falcojugger@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-4147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмолинская</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmolinskaya</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>проф. РАН, з.д.н. Российской Федерации, д.м.н., проф., заведующая отделом гинекологии и эндокринологии, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Gynecology and Endocrinology, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.yarmolinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ Акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта», Россия, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott", Russia, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ Акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта», Россия, Санкт-Петербург;&#13;
ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера», Россия, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott", Russia, Saint Petersburg;&#13;
Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution "St. Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology", Russia, St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ Акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта», Россия, Санкт-Петербург;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова», Россия, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott", Russia, Saint Petersburg;&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov", Russia, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>3440</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черкашина С.А., Соколов Д.И., Ярмолинская М.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черкашина С.А., Соколов Д.И., Ярмолинская М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherkashina S.A., Sokolov D.I., Yarmolinskaya M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3440">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3440</self-uri><abstract><p>Генитальный эндометриоз остаётся сложной клинической проблемой из‑за недостаточной диагностики и ограниченного арсенала методов лечения. Существующие научные концепции не позволяют в полной мере объяснить причины и механизмы развития этого заболевания, что подчёркивает актуальность углублённого изучения его патогенеза. Всё большую значимость приобретает исследование иммунных механизмов, поскольку они играют ключевую роль в формировании и прогрессировании патологических изменений при эндометриозе. Особое внимание уделяется γδТ‑клеткам — важным участникам иммунных реакций, задействованным как во врождённом, так и в адаптивном иммунитете. Разнообразие субпопуляций γδТ‑лимфоцитов обуславливает их вовлечённость в широкий спектр биологических процессов: отдельные субпопуляции могут проявлять как синергические, так и антагонистические функции, что потенциально влияет на течение заболевания. Эти клетки способны секретировать различные цитокины, участвовать в цитотоксических реакциях и регулировать активность других иммунных клеток, создавая сложную сеть взаимодействий в микроокружении эндометриоидного очага. В обзоре детально анализируется клеточный состав эндометриоидного очага с акцентом на экспрессии поверхностных рецепторов и молекулах, обеспечивающих межклеточные взаимодействия. Проводится сравнительная оценка иммунопатогенеза трёх групп патологий репродуктивного тракта — генитального эндометриоза, миомы матки и опухолевых процессов. Такой подход позволяет выявить общие и специфические иммунологические механизмы, лежащие в основе данных заболеваний, и уточнить роль отдельных клеточных популяций в их развитии. Кроме того, систематизированы данные о ключевых субпопуляциях γδТ‑клеток, включая их распределение и соотношение в различных тканях организма, возрастные изменения этих показателей, фенотипические характеристики и функциональные особенности, а также экспрессию контрольных точек иммунитета, которые играют роль в регуляции иммунного ответа. Отмечается, что баланс активирующих и ингибирующих сигналов, опосредованных контрольными точками иммунитета, может определять направленность иммунного ответа и влиять на прогрессирование эндометриоидных поражений. Приводятся актуальные сведения о роли γδТ‑лимфоцитов в развитии генитального эндометриоза и опухолевых заболеваний репродуктивной системы, которые могут послужить основой для изучения и дальнейшей разработки новых диагностических маркеров, поиска перспективных терапевтических мишеней и совершенствования стратегий лечения эндометриоза с учётом иммунологических механизмов его патогенеза. Обзор расширяет понимание роли иммунных клеток в патофизиологии эндометриоза и смежных патологий, открывая новые направления для клинических и фундаментальных работ в этой области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Endometriosis remains a complex clinical problem due to underdiagnosis and limited treatment options. Current scientific theories do not fully explain the causes and mechanisms of this disease, highlighting the importance of in-depth study of its pathogenesis. Immune mechanisms are increasingly recognized as key drivers of pathological changes in endometriosis. Particular focus is placed on γδT-cells, which participate in both innate and adaptive immunity. The diversity of γδT-lymphocyte subpopulations determines their participation in a wide range of biological processes with individual subpopulations exhibiting both synergistic and antagonistic functions, potentially influencing the course of the disease. These cells secrete cytokines, execute cytotoxic reactions, and modulate other immune cells, forming a complex interaction network within the endometriotic lesion microenvironment. This review provides a detailed analysis of the cellular composition of endometriotic lesions, focusing on the expression of surface receptors and molecules providing intercellular interactions. It also compares the immunopathogenesis of three reproductive tract disorders: endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and tumours. This comparative approach helps distinguish common and disease‑specific immunological mechanisms and clarifies the contribution of particular cell populations. Systematized data on γδT‑cell subpopulations cover their tissue distribution and ratios, age‑related variations, phenotypic and functional traits, and expression of immune control points. It is noted that the balance of activating and inhibitory signals mediated by immune checkpoints can determine the direction of the immune response and influence the progression of endometriotic lesions. Current insights into γδT‑lymphocytes’ role in endometriosis and reproductive tumors provide a foundation for identifying diagnostic markers, discovering therapeutic targets, and refining endometriosis treatment strategies by accounting for its immunological underpinnings. The review enhances understanding of immune cells’ involvement in endometriosis and related conditions, pointing to new avenues for clinical and basic research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генитальный эндометриоз</kwd><kwd>γδТ-клетки</kwd><kwd>иммунопатогенез</kwd><kwd>Vδ1</kwd><kwd>Vδ2</kwd><kwd>иммунные контрольные точки.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometriosis</kwd><kwd>γδT cells</kwd><kwd>immunopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>Vδ1</kwd><kwd>Vδ2</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoints.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках ПНИ "Неинвазивная диагностика эндометриоза на основе иммунологических и молекулярно-генетических маркеров" № 1025032300077-4</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted as part of exploratory scientific research entitled «Non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis based on immunological and molecular genetic markers» № 1025032300077-4</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адамян Л.В., Азнаурова Я.Б. 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