mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-IIA-3388mimmun-3388Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESIMMUNO-INFLAMMATORY ASSESSMENT OF TNF-Α, RANKL, AND CALPROTECTIN IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUShttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7302TalibE. Q.

Assistant Lecturer in Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, 

ehab.q.t@aliraqia.edu.iqhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9103-2365MohammedH. A.

Assistant Lecturer in Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

haneen.ahmed@nahrainuniv.edu.iqDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq.ИракDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, IraqIraqDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqIraq20190608202600Online First3388Copyright © Talib E.Q., Mohammed H.A., 20192019Talib E.Q., Mohammed H.A.Talib E.Q., Mohammed H.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3388Objectives

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and calprotectin in GCF, as well as serum C-reactive protein (CRP), in periodontitis patients with and without T1DM compared with periodontally healthy controls.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: A total of 90 participants were enrolled and divided into three groups (n = 30 each): healthy controls, periodontitis patients without diabetes, and periodontitis patients with T1DM. Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded. GCF samples were analyzed for TNF-α, RANKL, and calprotectin using ELISA, while serum CRP and HbA1c levels were measured using automated analyzers. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA and post-hoc tests.

Results

Results: Periodontal clinical parameters were significantly worse in both periodontitis groups compared with controls (PD: 3.00 ± 0.00 vs. 4.53 ± 0.51 and 4.63 ± 0.49 mm; CAL: 2.00 ± 0.00 vs. 3.53 ± 0.51 and 3.63 ± 0.49 mm; p < 0.0001). TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in periodontitis patients with T1DM (15.11 ± 2.98 pg/mL) and without diabetes (13.90 ± 2.91 pg/mL) compared with controls (8.72 ± 2.35 pg/mL; p = 0.000). RANKL levels were highest in the diabetic periodontitis group (314.98 ± 74.65 pg/mL) compared with controls (270.46 ± 35.89 pg/mL; p = 0.021). Calprotectin levels showed a significant increase in periodontitis patients with T1DM (0.285 ± 0.149 ng/mL) compared with controls (0.223 ± 0.018 ng/mL; p = 0.017). A strong positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and RANKL in both periodontitis groups (r = 0.812, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Conclusion: Periodontitis is associated with significant elevations in local inflammatory and bone-resorptive biomarkers, with T1DM further amplifying neutrophil-mediated inflammation and osteoclastogenic activity. GCF biomarkers, particularly TNF-α, RANKL, and calprotectin, may serve as valuable adjunctive tools for periodontal disease assessment in diabetic patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.