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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕРПЕТИФОРМНЫЙ ДЕРМАТИТ ДЮРИНГА: КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИММУНОПАТОГЕНЕЗА И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ВЫБОР ТАКТИКИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DUHRING'S HERPETIFORM DERMATITIS: KEY ASPECTS OF IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT TACTICS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-8350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрождина</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozhdina</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии Кировского ГМУ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drozhdina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-1212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой дерматовенерологии и косметологии Кировского ГМУ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koshkin_sergei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-3122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Введенская</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vvedenskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры кожных и венерических болезней ФГБОУ ВО ЯГМУ Минздрава России </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ellavved@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-1423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазвиашвили</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazviashvili</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии Кировского ГМУ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazviashvili.va@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1019-498X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запивахина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zapivakhina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент Вятского государственного университета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of Vyatka State University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zapivahinavlada@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4040-3012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Декусар</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dekusar</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент Вятского государственного университета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of Vyatka State University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dekusar05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Кировский ГМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov state medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ярославский ГМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl state medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Kirov state medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Вятский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vyatka State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>3347</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дрождина М.Б., Кошкин С.В., Введенская Э.В., Лазвиашвили В.А., Запивахина Л.А., Декусар Н.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дрождина М.Б., Кошкин С.В., Введенская Э.В., Лазвиашвили В.А., Запивахина Л.А., Декусар Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drozhdina M.B., Koshkin S.V., Vvedenskaya E.V., Lazviashvili V.A., Zapivakhina L.A., Dekusar N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3347">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3347</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор представляет собой комплексный анализ современных научных данных, посвященных герпетиформному дерматиту Дюринга. Основное внимание уделено углубленному пониманию иммунопатогенеза заболевания, в котором ключевую роль играют аутоантитела класса IgA, в первую очередь, направленные против трансглутаминазы эпидермиса. Дерматит Дюринга является специфическим кожным проявлением глютен-зависимой энтеропатии, что объясняет его неразрывную связь с целиакией. Даже при наличии классической клинической картины, включающей полиморфные зудящие высыпания, верификация диагноза требует обязательного морфологического подтверждения. «Золотым диагностическим стандартом» является прямая иммунофлуоресценция биоптата пораженной кожи, позволяющая выявить отложения IgA в сосочковом слое дермы. Серологическая диагностика, включающая определение антител к трансглутаминазе и эндомизию класса IgA, является высокочувствительным и специфичным неинвазивным методом. Она имеет ключевое значение не только для подтверждения дерматита Дюринга, но и для выявления сопутствующей целиакии, которая часто протекает малосимптомно или латентно. В этой связи, в обзоре подчеркивается необходимость обязательного обследования всех пациентов с дерматитом Дюринга на целиакию, включая, при наличии показаний, проведение эзофагогастродуоденоскопии с биопсией слизистой оболочки тонкой кишки. Акцент в работе сделан на актуальных алгоритмах терапии, которые базируются на двух основных стратегиях: строгая безглютеновая диета и назначение медикаментозной терапии. Безглютеновая диета - патогенетический метод лечения, приводящий к ремиссии кожного процесса, снижению уровня аутоантител и разрешению кишечной патологии. Однако ее эффект может быть отсрочен, что требует назначения медикаментозной терапии. Препаратом первой линии для контроля кожных проявлений остается дапсон, эффективность которого обусловлена подавлением активности нейтрофилов. В обзоре детально анализируются схемы его назначения, мониторинг безопасности, включающий контроль общего анализа крови, уровня глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы и метгемоглобина, а также потенциальные побочные эффекты. Для пациентов с рефрактерным течением или непереносимостью дапсона в статье проанализированы общепринятые методики и принципиально новые терапевтические стратегии. Среди них рассмотрены моноклональное антитело к CD20 – ритуксимаб, ингибиторы JAK-киназ и блокатор интерлейкинов-4 и -13 – дупилумаб. Особую практическую ценность обзора представляет систематизированный пошаговый алгоритм ведения пациентов, объединяющий все рассмотренные аспекты – от первичной диагностики с использованием высокоспецифичных серологических маркеров до долгосрочного контроля ремиссии. Этот алгоритм служит готовым инструментом для врача-клинициста, позволяя оптимизировать диагностику и лечение на основе последних достижений доказательной медицины, минимизировать риски терапии и существенно улучшить качество жизни пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review is a comprehensive analysis of current scientific data on Duhring's dermatitis herpetiformis. The main attention is paid to an in-depth understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease, in which autoantibodies of the IgA class play a key role, primarily directed against epidermal transglutaminase. Duhring's dermatitis is a specific skin manifestation of gluten-dependent enteropathy, which explains its inextricable link with celiac disease. Even in the presence of a classic clinical picture, including polymorphic itchy rashes, verification of the diagnosis requires mandatory morphological confirmation. The "gold diagnostic standard" is the direct immunofluorescence of a biopsy of the affected skin, which makes it possible to detect IgA deposits in the papillary layer of the dermis. Serological diagnostics, including the determination of antibodies to transglutaminase and endomyelium of the IgA class, is a highly sensitive and specific noninvasive method. It is of key importance not only for the confirmation of Duhring's dermatitis, but also for the detection of concomitant celiac disease, which is often asymptomatic or latent. In this regard, the review highlights the need for mandatory screening of all patients with Duhring's dermatitis for celiac disease, including, if indicated, esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of the small intestine mucosa. The work focuses on current therapy algorithms, which are based on two main strategies.: strict gluten-free diet and prescription of drug therapy. A gluten-free diet is a pathogenetic treatment method that leads to remission of the skin process, a decrease in autoantibody levels, and resolution of intestinal pathology. However, its effect may be delayed, which requires the appointment of drug therapy. The first-line drug for the control of skin manifestations remains dapsone, the effectiveness of which is due to the suppression of neutrophil activity. The review analyzes in detail the schemes of its administration, safety monitoring, including monitoring of the total blood count, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and methemoglobin levels, as well as potential side effects. For patients with refractory course or dapsone intolerance, the article analyzes generally accepted methods and fundamentally new therapeutic strategies. Among them, rituximab, a monoclonal antibody to CD20, JAK kinase inhibitors, and the interleukin–4 and -13 blocker dupilumab were considered. Of particular practical value of the review is a systematic step–by-step algorithm for patient management that combines all the aspects considered, from primary diagnosis using highly specific serological markers to long-term remission control. This algorithm serves as a ready-made tool for the clinician, allowing him to optimize diagnosis and treatment based on the latest achievements of evidence-based medicine, minimize the risks of therapy and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>герпетиформный дерматит Дюринга</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный буллезный дерматоз</kwd><kwd>трансглутаминаза эпидермиса</kwd><kwd>безглютеновая диета</kwd><kwd>дапсон</kwd><kwd>IgA</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>дупилумаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Duhring's dermatitis herpetiformis</kwd><kwd>autoimmune bullous dermatosis</kwd><kwd>epidermal transglutaminase</kwd><kwd>gluten-free diet</kwd><kwd>dapsone</kwd><kwd>IgA</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>dupilumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Быкова С.В., Сабельникова Е.А., Носкова К.К. и др. 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