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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IDS-3345</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3345</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИММУННЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ ПРИ СИНДРОМЕ ЭДВАРДСА У ДЕТЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IMMUNE DISORDERS IN EDWARDS SYNDROME IN CHILDREN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-2217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishkina</surname><given-names>Anastasiia Alexandrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий отделением детской патологии ГАУЗ СО «Свердловское областное патологоанатомическое бюро» (ГАУЗ СО «СОПАБ»), доцент кафедры патологической анатомии и судебной медицины ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD (PhD), pathologist, Head of the Department of Pediatric Pathology, State Autonomous Health Care Institution «Sverdlovsk Regional Pathology Bureau» (SRPAB), Ekaterinburg, Russia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xumukyc.ru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-0950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тузанкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuzankina</surname><given-names>Irina Alexandrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, главный научный сотрудник Института иммунологии и физиологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, Екатеринбург, Россия, главный внештатный детский иммунолог МЗ СО.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Principal Researcher at the Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Chief External Pediatric Immunologist of the Ministry of Health of Sverdlovsk Region.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ituzan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3576-2427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крохалева</surname><given-names>Ярослава Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krokhaleva</surname><given-names>Yaroslava Mikhailovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник ГАУЗ СО «СОПАБ», Екатеринбург, Россия, главный внештатный специалист детский патологоанатом Свердловской области.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of State Autonomous Health Care Institution «Sverdlovsk Regional Pathology Bureau» (SRPAB)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakobeleva@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0200-541X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоголева</surname><given-names>Евгения Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogoleva</surname><given-names>Evgenia Mikhailovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом отделения детской патологии ГАУЗ СО «СОПАБ»</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pathologist of the Department of Pediatric Pathology, State Autonomous Health Care Institution «Sverdlovsk Regional Pathology Bureau» (SRPAB).</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">derven42@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Свердловское областное патологоанатомическое бюро» (ГАУЗ СО «СОПАБ»), Екатеринбург, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Autonomous Health Care Institution «Sverdlovsk Regional Pathology Bureau» (SRPAB), Ekaterinburg, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт иммунологии и физиологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, Екатеринбург, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>3345</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гришкина А.А., Тузанкина И.А., Крохалева Я.М., Гоголева Е.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришкина А.А., Тузанкина И.А., Крохалева Я.М., Гоголева Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishkina A.A., Tuzankina I.A., Krokhaleva Y.M., Gogoleva E.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3345">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3345</self-uri><abstract><p>Синдром Эдвардса (трисомия по хромосоме 18) является второй по частоте аутосомной трисомией после синдрома Дауна. Он сопровождается выраженной полисистемной патологией, затрагивающей практически все органы и системы, включая структуры иммунного аппарата. Несмотря на то, что иммунные нарушения при данной хромосомной аномалии встречаются достаточно часто и способны существенно влиять на клиническое течение заболевания, вопросам их морфологической диагностики в практике детской патологии традиционно уделяется недостаточное внимание. Это приводит к тому, что значимые структурные изменения иммунных органов остаются недооценёнными и редко рассматриваются как отдельный компонент патогенеза.</p><p>Целью настоящей работы являлся детальный анализ морфологических изменений в органах иммунной системы у детей с синдромом Эдвардса. Исследование выполнено на базе ГАУЗ СО «СОПАБ» (Екатеринбург, Россия) и включало анализ аутопсийного материала 10 пациентов, умерших в период с 2019 по 2025 гг. Изучение медицинской документации показало, что, несмотря на проведение полного объёма клинического обследования, прижизненно ни одному ребёнку диагноз иммунодефицита сформулирован не был, и данный компонент не отражался в заключительном клиническом диагнозе.</p><p>Посмертное морфологическое исследование выявило у 70% детей выраженные изменения иммунных органов. В тимусе отмечались гипоплазия (30%), гипопластическая дисплазия с очагами жирового перерождения и лимфоидным опустошением (10%), а также крупнокистозная гипопластическая дисплазия (10%). В селезёнке фиксировались нарушения структуры и количественных характеристик лимфоидных элементов. Инфекционные осложнения, занимавшие в структуре патологоанатомического диагноза место конкурирующего процесса или непосредственной причины смерти, были обнаружены у 6 детей (60%). В одном случае диагностирована затяжная рецидивирующая пневмония, в остальных – генерализованные инфекционные процессы. Все инфекционные осложнения сочетались с тяжёлыми врождёнными пороками развития и/или выраженными нарушениями структуры тимуса.</p><p>Полученные данные подчёркивают необходимость дальнейшего углубленного изучения иммунопатологии при хромосомных аномалиях для улучшения диагностики как на клиническом, так и на патологоанатомическом этапах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) is recognized as the second most common autosomal trisomy after Down syndrome and is characterized by pronounced multiorgan pathology affecting virtually all body systems, including the organs of the immune system. Although immune disturbances in this chromosomal anomaly occur frequently and may substantially influence the clinical course of the disease, the morphological diagnosis of these changes in pediatric pathology practice has traditionally received insufficient attention. As a result, important structural alterations in immune organs are often underestimated and rarely considered as a distinct and clinically relevant component of the underlying pathogenesis.</p><p>The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed analysis of morphological changes in the organs of the immune system in children diagnosed with Edwards syndrome. The investigation was carried out at the Sverdlovsk Regional Pathology Bureau (SOPAB) in Yekaterinburg, Russia, and included an examination of autopsy materials from ten children who died between 2019 and 2025. A review of their medical records demonstrated that, despite comprehensive clinical evaluations, none of the patients received a premortem diagnosis of immunodeficiency, and this condition was not reflected in the final clinical diagnoses.</p><p>Postmortem morphological analysis revealed significant abnormalities in immune organs in 70% of the children. The thymus showed various pathological changes, including hypoplasia (30%), hypoplastic dysplasia with areas of fatty degeneration and lymphoid depletion (10%), and large-cystic hypoplastic dysplasia (10%). The spleen also exhibited alterations in both the quantity and architecture of its lymphoid components. Infectious complications were identified in six children (60%), either as competing conditions or as the direct cause of death. One child presented only with prolonged recurrent pneumonia, while in the remaining cases the infections were generalized. In all instances, infectious processes were associated with severe congenital malformations of organs and systems and/or pronounced structural abnormalities of the thymus.</p><p>The findings highlight the importance of further research into immunopathology in patients with chromosomal abnormalities, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy at both clinical and pathological stages.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунодефициты</kwd><kwd>трисомия</kwd><kwd>18 хромосома</kwd><kwd>синдром Эдвардса</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>тимус. аутосомные трисомии</kwd><kwd>морфология органов иммунитета</kwd><kwd>гипоплазия тимуса</kwd><kwd>дисплазия тимуса.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunodeficiencies</kwd><kwd>trisomy</kwd><kwd>chromosome 18</kwd><kwd>Edwards syndrome</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>thymus. Autosomal trisomies</kwd><kwd>morphology of immune organs</kwd><kwd>thymus hypoplasia</kwd><kwd>thymus dysplasia.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИИФ УрО РАН (регистрационный номер НИОКТР № 122020900136-4)</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (registration number NIOKTR No. 122020900136-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cereda A., Carey J.C. The trisomy 18 syndrome. Orphanet J. Rare Dis., 2012, Vol. 7, p. 81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cereda A., Carey J.C. The trisomy 18 syndrome. Orphanet J. 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