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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-TRO-3307</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ ТРЕХЛОКУСНЫХ HLA-ГАПЛОТИПОВ (HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1) В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ АЛЛОИММУНИЗАЦИИ, АТОПИИ И ВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF THREE-LOCUS HLA HAPLOTYPES (HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1) IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALLOIMMUNIZATION, ATOPY, AND VIRAL INFECTION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-7559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, руководитель научного направления</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. Med.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">butinalena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суетина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suetina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. Med., associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitasphere@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9529-4365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любезнова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubeznova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. Med., associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyubolga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО “Остеосинтез”, Киров, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osteosintez LLC, Kirov, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Кировский ГМУ Минздрава России, Киров, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Kirov, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>3307</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бутина О.В., Суетина И.Г., Любезнова О.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бутина О.В., Суетина И.Г., Любезнова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Butina E.V., Suetina I.G., Lyubeznova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3307">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3307</self-uri><abstract><p>HLA-аллоиммунизация, аллергический ринит/ атопический дерматит и клещевой энцефалит являются релевантными моделями для изучения генетически детерминированного иммунного ответа на три различных типа антигенов – аллоантигенов (антигенов других людей), аллергенов (сенсибилизирующих веществ природного или искусственного происхождения) и инфекционных, в данном случае вирусных, антигенов. До настоящего времени поиск генетических маркеров риска развития этих патологий был сосредоточен на исследовании отдельных аллелей HLA без анализа гаплотипов и, соответственно, без оценки возможного синергического взаимодействия HLA-генов между собой. Цель работы - установить ассоциативные связи между трехлокусными гаплотипами HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 и риском развития HLA-аллоиммунизации, аллергического ринита, атопического дерматита и клещевого энцефалита. Проанализирована частота встречаемости 12 распространенных среди европейцев трехлокусных гаплотипов HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 у 215 пациентов и 317 здоровых людей. Вероятность возникновения HLA-аллоиммунизации в зависимости от HLA-гаплотипов исследовали у 61 реципиента компонентов крови. Взаимосвязь между типом атопической реакции и HLA-генотипом изучили у 50 больных с атопическим дерматитом и с персистирующим аллергическим ринитом. Корреляцию между HLA-гаплотипами и вариантом течения вирусной инфекции рассмотрели у 104 больных клещевым энцефалитом. Типирование генов HLA II класса выполнено в лаборатории иммуногематологии ФГБУН КНИИГиПК ФМБА России методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени (ДНК-технология, Россия). Статистический анализ осуществляли с помощью критерия хи-квадрат. Установлено, что HLA-DRB1*04-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 и HLA-DRB1*03-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 гаплотипы ассоциированы с развитием HLA-аллоиммунизации в результате трансфузий компонентов крови. Совпадение данных гаплотипов с генетическими маркерами аутоиммунных заболеваний свидетельствует об универсальном механизме участия молекул HLA в презентации человеческих аутоантигенов и аллоантигенов. Показано, что разные HLA-гаплотипы соответствуют разным клиническим фенотипам атопии: гаплотипы HLA-DRB1*12-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*15-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02 ассоциированы с избирательной предрасположенностью к респираторной сенсибилизации, а гаплотип HLA-DRB1*01-DQA1*01:01-DQB1*05:01 – к системной атопии с кожным компонентом. Иммуногенетические различия свидетельствуют о том, что аллергический ринит и атопический дерматит не являются последовательными стадиями одного процесса, а представляют собой разные эндотипы в рамках «атопического континуума». Выявлено, что относительно благоприятная форма клещевого энцефалита – лихорадочная, при которой не повреждается противовирусный гуморальный иммунный ответ, ассоциирована с HLA-DRB1*09-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:03. В то время как формы, протекающие с поражением ЦНС и нарушениями в обоих звеньях иммунитета, ассоциированы с гаплотипами HLA-DRB1*08-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:01/*0402 (менингеальная форма) и HLA-DRB1*16-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*05:02/*0504 (очаговая форма). Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при проведении стратификации пациентов, прогнозировании течения патологического процесса, выборе методов профилактики и терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>HLA alloimmunization, allergic rhinitis/atopic dermatitis, and tick-borne encephalitis serve as relevant models for investigating genetically determined immune responses to three types of antigens: alloantigens, allergens, and viral antigens. Previous research has primarily focused on individual HLA alleles, without considering haplotype-level interactions and potential synergistic effects among HLA genes. This study aimed to identify associations between three-locus HLA haplotypes (HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1) and the risk of developing HLA alloimmunization, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and tick-borne encephalitis. Twelve common European haplotypes were analyzed in 215 patients and 317 healthy controls. Alloimmunization risk was assessed in 61 recipients of blood components, atopic conditions were evaluated in 50 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, and the clinical course of tick-borne encephalitis was examined in 104 patients. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR (DNA Technology, Russia) at the Laboratory of Immunohematology, Kirov Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. Statistical analyses included chi-square. The haplotypes HLA-DRB104-DQA103:01-DQB1*03:02 and HLA-DRB103-DQA105:01-DQB1*02:01 were significantly associated with the development of HLA alloimmunization. Their complete overlap with genetic markers of autoimmune diseases suggests a shared mechanism by which HLA molecules mediate the presentation of both autoantigens and alloantigens. It has been shown that distinct HLA haplotypes are associated with specific clinical phenotypes of atopy. Specifically, HLA-DRB112-DQA105:01-DQB1*03:01 and HLA-DRB115-DQA101:02-DQB1*06:02 are linked to a selective predisposition toward respiratory sensitization, whereas HLA-DRB101-DQA101:01-DQB1*05:01 is associated with systemic atopy that includes a cutaneous component. These findings support the immunogenetic heterogeneity of atopic disorders, indicating that allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are distinct endotypes within the broader “atopic continuum.” The analysis revealed that a prognostically favorable form of tick-borne encephalitis—the fever form, characterized by an intact humoral antiviral immune response—was found to be associated with the HLA-DRB109-DQA103:01-DQB1*03:03 haplotype. More severe forms involving central nervous system damage and dysfunction in both humoral and cellular immunity were linked to distinct haplotypes: the meningeal form was associated with HLA-DRB108-DQA104:01-DQB1*04:01/04:02, while the focal form correlated with HLA-DRB116-DQA101:02-DQB1*05:02/05:04. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, particularly in guiding patient stratification, forecasting disease progression, and informing the selection of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>HLA-гаплотип</kwd><kwd>HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1</kwd><kwd>аллоиммунизация</kwd><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>персистирующий ринит</kwd><kwd>клещевой энцефалит</kwd><kwd>относительный риск.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HLA haplotype</kwd><kwd>HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1</kwd><kwd>alloimmunization</kwd><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>persistent allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>tick-borne encephalitis</kwd><kwd>relative risk.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко А.Л., Контякова Е.Л., Тихомолова Е.Г., Зыкова И.В., Зянчурина Г.М.. 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