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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CEA-3301</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3301</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная эпидемиолого-иммунологическая характеристика пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ/ХГС из числа потребителей инъекционных наркотиков и пациентов без наркотического анамнеза в Республике Татарстан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative epidemiological and immunological characteristics of patients with HIV/HCV coinfection among injection drug users, and patients without drug history in Tatarstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пакина</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakina</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пакина Зоя Александровна – младший научный сотрудник кафедры инфнеционных болезней, иммунологии и эпидемиологии, студент 6-го курса медико-профилактического факультета </p><p>420012, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya A. Pakina - Junior Research Associate, Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Epidemiology, 6th year Student, Faculty of Preventive Medicine</p><p>49 Butlerov St Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zoya.pakina01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент педиатрического факультета </p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dancer.xenia.2002@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanova</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент лечебного факультета </p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alsuuuuu02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перевозчикова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perevozchikova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент лечебного факультета, младший научный сотрудник кафедры эпидемиологии и инфекционных заболеваний </p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Faculty of Medicine, Junior Research Associate, Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alinazalya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочеваткиа</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochevatkina</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент педиатрического факультета </p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Tver </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mks1702002@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саматова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samatova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник кафедры инфекционных болезней с курсом эпидемиологии, студент 6-го курса педиатрического факультета</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Department of Infectious Diseases with a Course in Epidemiology; 6th year Student, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samatova.aisha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седуд</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedoud</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник кафедры внутренней медицины с курсом иммунологии и аллергологии, студент педиатрического факультета </p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Department of Internal Medicine with a Course in Immunology and Allergology, Student, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dilyara.khayrullina9@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>395</fpage><lpage>404</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пакина З.А., Ефремова К.А., Курбанова А.А., Перевозчикова А.И., Кочеваткиа К.С., Саматова А.Г., Седуд Д.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пакина З.А., Ефремова К.А., Курбанова А.А., Перевозчикова А.И., Кочеваткиа К.С., Саматова А.Г., Седуд Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pakina Z.A., Efremova K.A., Kurbanova A.А., Perevozchikova A.I., Kochevatkina K.S., Samatova A.G., Sedoud I.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3301">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3301</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокая распространенность коинфекции ВИЧ/ХГС среди потребителей инъекционных наркотиков (ПИН) в Республике Татарстан определяет необходимость изучения влияния поведенческого фактора на иммунопатологию. Цель – провести сравнительный анализ иммунологических показателей у пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ/ХГС из числа ПИН и пациентов без наркотического анамнеза. В одноцентровое сравнительное исследование включены 38 пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ/ХГС, употреблявших инъекционные наркотики, и 36 пациентов с ВИЧ/ХГС без наркотического анамнеза. Размер выборки рассчитан для достижения мощности 80% при уровне значимости p &lt; 0,05. Проведена оценка субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов и уровня циркулирующих иммунных комплексов. В группе ПИН выявлено достоверно более выраженное снижение уровня CD4+ лимфоцитов (26,2±0,7% vs 30,1±0,8%; p &lt; 0,001) и абсолютного числа CD4+ клеток (0,43±0,04 vs 0,61±0,04×109/л; p &lt; 0,01). Иммунорегуляторный индекс был значимо ниже в группе ПИН (0,60±0,02 vs 0,75±0,02; p &lt; 0,001). Уровень ЦИК был существенно выше в группе ПИН (568,3±30,5 vs 402,3±28,0 у.е.; p &lt; 0,001). На III клинической стадии ВИЧ-инфекции у ПИН отмечалось наибольшее снижение абсолютного числа лимфоцитов (24,1±0,9% vs 31,3±1,6% на II стадии; p &lt; 0,001). Инъекционная наркомания является независимым фактором, усугубляющим иммунную дисфункцию при коинфекции ВИЧ/ХГС. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость разработки дифференцированных подходов к мониторингу и лечению данной категории пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection among injection drug users (IDUs) in the Republic of Tatarstan requires studies on the influence of behavioral factors on immunopathology. Objective of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of immunological parameters in IDUs with HIV/HCV coinfection and those without a history of drug use. This single-center comparative study included 38 patients with HIV/HCV coinfection who used injection drugs and 36 patients with HIV/HCV without a history of drug use. The sample size was calculated to achieve 80% power at a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Lymphocyte subpopulation profiles and circulating immune complex levels were assessed. In the IDU group, a more pronounced decrease in the level of CD4-lymphocytes (26.2±0.7% vs 30.1±0.8%; p &lt; 0.001) and the absolute number of CD4+ cells (0.43±0.04 vs 0.61±0.04×109/L, p &lt; 0.01) was revealed. The immunoregulatory index was significantly lower in the IDU group (0.60±0.02 vs. 0.75±0.02, p &lt; 0.001). The level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was significantly higher in the IDU group (568.3±30.5 vs 402.3±28.0 arb.units, p &lt; 0.001). In cases with clinical stage III of HIV infection, IDUs demonstrated the greatest reduction in absolute lymphocyte count (24.1±0.9% vs. 31.3±1.6% in stage II patients, p &lt; 0.001). The injection drug usage is an independent factor exacerbating immune dysfunction in HIV/HCV co-infection. These findings support the need to develop differentiated approaches to monitoring and management of this cohort.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коинфекция</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>хронический гепатит С</kwd><kwd>иммунные маркеры</kwd><kwd>потребители инъекционных наркотиков</kwd><kwd>иммунодефицит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>single cell sequencing</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>tumor microenvironment</kwd><kwd>signal pathways</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жээналиева Г.М., Канатбекова А.К., Абдикеримова М.М., Абдикеримов М.М., Жолдошев С.Т. Хронический гепатит С и ВИЧ-инфекция // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований, 2021. № 6. 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