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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ISO-3291</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногистохимическое исследование различных типов птеригиумов у пациентов Южного Урала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunohistochemical study of various types of pterygium in patients of the Southern Urals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Анна Ивановна – д.б.н., заведующая отделом морфологии Всероссийского центра глазной и пластической хирургии </p><p>450075, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Р. Зорге, 67/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Lebedeva - PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Morphology Department</p><p>67/1 R. Zorge St Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450075 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Jeol02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-9084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадыров</surname><given-names>Р. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrov</surname><given-names>R. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., заместитель директора по лечебной работе, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Deputy Director for Medicine, Ophthalmologist</p><p>Ufa</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radkad@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-9284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела морфологии </p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Morphology Research Department</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morphoplant@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9667-1516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела морфологии </p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Morphology Research Department</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shershakov2015a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0829-1651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач офтальмолог </p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guzelka-garipova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский центр глазной и пластической хирургии ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Center, Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>374</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедева А.И., Кадыров Р.З., Мусина Л.А., Хакимов А.Р., Юсупова Г.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева А.И., Кадыров Р.З., Мусина Л.А., Хакимов А.Р., Юсупова Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva A.I., Kadyrov R.Z., Musina L.A., Khakimov A.R., Yusupova G.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3291">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3291</self-uri><abstract><p>Птеригиум - это фиброзное новообразование конъюнктивы, которое может иметь различные патоморфологические характеристики в зависимости от региона проживания. Необходимо учитывать региональные факторы, служащие локальными предикторам риска возникновения, течения заболевания и рецидива заболевания. К факторам риска относят инсоляцию, вредные условия труда, климатические условия. Цель исследования изучение морфологических особенностей птеригиума, определение спектра цитокинов и факторов роста в биопсийных тканях больных пациентов птеригиумом Южного Урала. Было прооперировано 68 глаз с диагнозом первичный птеригиум за период 2005 до 2025 г.г. пациентов обоего пола в возрасте от 41 до 80 лет. Проводили морфологические (окраска гематоксилином и по ван-Гизону), иммуногистохимические (Fgf-b, Nf-h, PCNA, TGF-b, Mmp-9, Timp-2, c-kit, Pro-col3, Col 1, Hla dr, Cd206, ТNF-а, VEGF-R, р-53) исследования биоптатов. Статистический анализ численности клеток производили с использованием непараметрических методов в программе Statistica 10.0. Выявлено, что соотношение фиброзного компонента к сосудисто-клеточному было различным. В ряде тканей первичного птеригиума выявлялись признаки активного коллагеногенеза, в других – активной пролиферативной деятельности. Так, в ряде тканей птеригиума соотношение стромальных элементов к сосудисто-клеточному смещалось в сторону последнего. В строме наблюдалось большое количество кровеносных и лимфатических сосудов с расширенными просветами, интенсивная инфильтрация тканей стромальными (фибробластические) и воспалительными (макрофаги, лейкоциты, лимфоциты) клетками, тонкие пучки коллагеновых волокон с большим количеством аморфного вещества. Морфологически птеригиумы подразделялись на три типа: пролиферативные, фиброматозные и атрофическо-склеротические. Пролиферативная группа птеригиумов содержала больше макрофагов М2 фенотипа CD206, мезенхимных стволовых клеток c-kit, MMP-9+ и VEGF-R+ клеток, чем в фиброматозных и атрофическо-склеротических типах. Экспрессия клетками FGF-b, HLA-DR, p-53 наблюдалась во всех типах птеригиума в одинаково равной степени. В пролиферативном птеригиуме количество зрелого коллагена 1 типа превосходило количественные значения фиброматозного и атрофическо-склеротического типов. А количество незрелого ретикулярного коллагена III типа и профиброгенного фактора роста TGF-b в клетках, напротив, значимо статистически значимо возрастало по мере фиброзирования ткани. Поэтому, следует нивелировать или провести коррекцию иммунодефицита, элиминацию аутоимунных комплексов, перепрофилирование макрофагов с ростстимулирующих M2 на провоспалительные M1, стимулировать TIMP-2, ингибировать васкулогенез конъюнктивы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pterygium is a fibrous neoplasm of the conjunctiva, which may have different pathomorphological characteristics depending on the region of residence. It is necessary to take into account regional factors that serve as local predictors of the risk of occurrence, course of the disease and relapse of the disease. Risk factors include insolation, harmful working conditions, climatic conditions. The purpose of the study was to study the morphological features of pterygium, determine the spectrum of cytokines and growth factors in biopsy tissues of patients with pterygium in the Southern Urals. A total of 68 eyes with a diagnosis of primary pterygium were operated for the period 2005 to 2025. Patients of both sexes aged 41 to 80 years. Morphological (hematoxylin and van Gieson staining) and immunohistochemical (FGF-b, Nf-h, PCNA, TGF-b, MMP-9, Timp-2, c-kit, Pro-col3, Col 1, HLA-DR, CD206, TNFa, VEGF-R, p-53) studies of biopsy specimens were performed. Statistical analysis of cell counts was performed using nonparametric methods in Statistica 10.0 software. It was found that the ratio of the fibrous component to the vascular-cellular component varied. In some tissues of the primary pterygium, signs of active collagenogenesis were detected, while in others, active proliferative activity was observed. Thus, in some pterygium tissues, the ratio of stromal elements to the vascular-cellular component shifted towards the latter. The stroma contained a large number of blood and lymphatic vessels with dilated lumens, intense tissue infiltration by stromal (fibroblastic) and inflammatory (macrophages, leukocytes, lymphocytes) cells, thin bundles of collagen fibers with a large amount of amorphous substance. Morphologically, pterygia were divided into three types: proliferative, fibromatous and atrophic-sclerotic. The proliferative group of pterygia contained more M2 macrophages of the CD206 phenotype, mesenchymal stem cells c-kit, MMP-9+ and VEGF-R+ cells than in fibromatous and atrophic-sclerotic types. Expression of FGF-b, HLA-DR, p-53 by cells was observed in all types of pterygium to the same equal extent. In proliferative pterygium, the amount of mature collagen type 1 exceeded the quantitative values of fibromatous and atrophic-sclerotic types. And the amount of immature reticular collagen type III and profibrogenic growth factor TGF-b in cells, on the contrary, significantly statistically significantly increased as tissue fibrosis progressed. Therefore, it is necessary to level or correct immunodeficiency, eliminate autoimmune complexes, reprofile macrophages from growthstimulating M2 to proinflammatory M1, stimulate TIMP-2, and inhibit conjunctival vasculogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролиферативный</kwd><kwd>фиброматозный</kwd><kwd>атрофическо-склеротический птеригиум</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proliferative</kwd><kwd>fibromatous</kwd><kwd>atrophic-sclerotic pterygium</kwd><kwd>growth factors</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ращупкин И.М., Максимова А.А., Сахно Л.В., Останин А.А., Шевела Е.Я., Черных Е.Р. Влияние растворимых факторов макрофагов м2-фенотипа на пролиферацию и апоптоз клеток линии sh-sy5y // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины, 2021. Т. 171, № 1. 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