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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ICO-3264</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3264</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунные корреляты постковидного синдрома при различных уровнях глюкокортикоидов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immune correlates of post-COVID syndrome at different glucocorticoid levels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зурочка</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zurochka</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунопатофизиологии ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории трансмиссивных вирусных инфекций ФБУН ФНИИВИ «ВИРОМ» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Transmissible Viral Diseases, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections "Virome", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">av_zurochka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрынина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Добрынина Мария Александровна – д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунопатофизиологии ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории трансмиссивных вирусных инфекций ФБУН ФНИИВИ «ВИРОМ» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p> 620049, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Dobrynina - PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Transmissible Viral Diseases, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections "Virome", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</p><p>106 Pervomaiskaya St Yekaterinburg 620049 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mzurochka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарапульцев</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarapultsev</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, FInstitute of Immunology and Physiology</p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sarapultsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комелькова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komelkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунопатофизиологии ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук», г. Екатеринбург; старший научный сотрудник НИЛ системной патологии и перспективных лекарственных средств научно-образовательного Российскокитайского центра системной патологии ФГАОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)»; профессор кафедры биохимии имени Р.И. Лифшица, ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</p><p>Екатеринбург, Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg; Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Systemic Pathology and Promising Medicines of Russian-Chinese Center, South Ural State University (National Research University); Professor, Department of Biochemistry named after R.I. Lifshits, South Ural State Medical University</p><p>Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkomelkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зурочка</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zurochka</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунопатофизиологии ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории трансмиссивных вирусных инфекций и клещевого энцефалита ФБУН ФНИИВИ «ВИРОМ» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Transmissible Viral Diseases and Tick-borne Encephalitis, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections "Virome", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_zurochka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студента</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markelova_03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарапульцев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarapultsev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией иммунопатофизиологии ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, г. Екатеринбург; директор научно-образовательного Российско-Китайского центра системной патологии ФГАОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)», </p><p>Екатеринбург, Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg; Director, RussianChinese Center, South Ural State University (National Research University), </p><p>Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.sarapultsev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФБУН ФНИИВИ «ВИРОМ» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institution of Science Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections "Virome", Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institution of Science Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; South Ural State University (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institution of Science Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; South Ural State University (National Research University); South Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institution of Science Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences&#13;
South Ural State University (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>463</fpage><lpage>468</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зурочка А.В., Добрынина М.А., Сарапульцев Г.П., Комелькова М.В., Зурочка В.А., Маркелова А.А., Сарапульцев А.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зурочка А.В., Добрынина М.А., Сарапульцев Г.П., Комелькова М.В., Зурочка В.А., Маркелова А.А., Сарапульцев А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zurochka A.V., Dobrynina M.A., Sarapultsev G.P., Komelkova M.V., Zurochka V.A., Markelova A.A., Sarapultsev A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3264">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3264</self-uri><abstract><p>Длительные последствия COVID-19 включают нарушения в работе иммунной и эндокринной систем. Особый интерес вызывает роль кортизола как ключевого гормона стресс-реакции, потенциально влияющего на восстановление иммунного гомеостаза у пациентов с постковидным синдромом. Изменения в регуляции гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой оси могут формировать различные иммунные фенотипы, затрудняющие адаптацию организма после перенесенной инфекции. Целью исследования являлось оценить параметры иммунной системы у пациентов с постковидным синдромом в зависимости от уровня кортизола крови, с акцентом на натуральные киллеры, Т-лимфоциты и тромбоцитарные показатели. Обследованы 109 пациентов, перенесших COVID-19 не менее 6 месяцев назад. Уровень кортизола в утренней сыворотке использовался для стратификации пациентов на три группы: с нормальным, повышенным и пониженным значением. Иммунный статус оценивался методом проточной цитометрии. Анализировались уровни NK-клеток, Т-лимфоцитов и их субпопуляций (хелперы, цитотоксические) – как по CD45+, так и по CD46+ панлейкоцитарным маркерам, а также показатели общего анализа крови, включая средний объем тромбоцитов. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась непараметрическими методами. У пациентов с пониженным уровнем кортизола выявлено достоверное снижение как абсолютного, так и относительного количества NK-клеток, а также уменьшение среднего объема тромбоцитов. В этой группе одновременно наблюдалось повышение числа Т-лимфоцитов. У пациентов с гиперкортизолемией зафиксировано снижение уровня Т-цитотоксических клеток. Иммунные различия четко коррелировали с уровнем кортизола. Полученные данные демонстрируют наличие по меньшей мере двух иммунных фенотипов у постковидных пациентов: один ассоциирован с гиперкортизолемией и снижением цитотоксических Т-клеток, другой – с гипокортизолемией, дефицитом NK-клеток и тромбоцитарной активности. Эти различия подчеркивают необходимость учета гормонального статуса при оценке и лечении постковидных состояний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 include disturbances in the immune and endocrine systems. Of particular interest is the role of cortisol as a key stress response hormone, potentially affecting restoration of immune homeostasis in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Altered regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may form various immune phenotypes that complicate individual adaptation after infection. Our objective was to assess the parameters of immune response in patients with post-COVID syndrome depending on the blood cortisol level, emphasizing the indices on natural killers, T-lymphocytes and platelets. Materials and methods: We have examined 109 patients who had COVID-19 at least 6 months ago. Blood serum samples were collected in the morning time. Serum cortisol levels were measured in order to stratify patients into three groups: with normal, elevated and reduced values. Immune status of the patients was assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of NK cells, T lymphocytes and their subpopulations (helpers, cytotoxic cells) were analyzed both by CD45+ and CD46+ panleukocyte markers, as well as general blood test parameters, including the mean platelet volume. Statistical evaluation was performed by means of nonparametric methods. Results: Patients with low cortisol levels showed a significant reduction in both absolute and relative number of NK cells, as well as a decrease in the average platelet volume. In this group, an increased number of T lymphocytes was also observed. In patients with hypercortisolemia, a decreased level of T cytotoxic cells was recorded. The immune differences clearly correlated with individual cortisol levels. Conclusions: The obtained data demonstrate presence of at least two immune phenotypes in post-COVID patients: (1) a pattern associated with hypercortisolemia and decreased cytotoxic T cells; (2) phenotype with hypocortisolemia, NK cell deficiency and platelet activity. These differences suggest a need for taking the hormonal status into account when assessing and treating post-COVID conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>long COVID</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>натуральные киллеры</kwd><kwd>Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>Тс-клетки</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2-инфекция</kwd><kwd>кортизол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>long COVID</kwd><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>natural killer</kwd><kwd>T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>Tc cells</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 infection</kwd><kwd>cortisol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зурочка А.В., Хайдуков С.В., Кудрявцев И.В., Черешнев В.А. Проточная цитометрия в биомедицинских исследованиях. 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