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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CAI-3260</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3260</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-иммунологические особенности экспрессии PD-1 и Tim-3 на моноцитах при аксиальном спондилоартрите</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and immunological features of PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on monocytes in axial spondyloarthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8997-3586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевела</surname><given-names>Е. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevela</surname><given-names>E. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevelak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3290-7910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахно</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhno</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lsahno53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2366-1667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martix59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-2017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тыринова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyrinova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyrinova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-1157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моренкова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morenkova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Research Assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morenkovasp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-6392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумасова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumasova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-ревматолог высшей категории </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chumoks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-0662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-ревматолог </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya5481@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-6166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкаруба</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkaruba</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-ревматолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezhda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-777X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курочкина</surname><given-names>Ю. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurochkina</surname><given-names>Yu. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-ревматолог </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juli_k@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3285-0568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-ревматолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedorovaav11@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-7185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельченко</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelchenko</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-ревматолог </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.o.omelchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-2924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летягина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Letyagina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая ревматологическим отделением, врач-ревматолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Rheumatology Department, Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenaletyagina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-0847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель НИИКЭЛ - филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kormax@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизиков</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий отделением ревматологии, врач-ревматолог высшей категории</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Rheumatology Department, Rheumatologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">depaidici@online.nsk.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, заведующая лабораторией клеточной иммунотерапии НИИФКИ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ct_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр “Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymрhology, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1311</fpage><lpage>1322</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевела Е.Я., Сахно Л.В., Тихонова М.А., Тыринова Т.В., Моренкова А.Ю., Чумасова О.А., Ильина Н.А., Шкаруба Н.С., Курочкина Ю.Д., Федорова А.В., Омельченко В.О., Летягина Е.А., Королев М.А., Сизиков А.Э., Черных Е.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевела Е.Я., Сахно Л.В., Тихонова М.А., Тыринова Т.В., Моренкова А.Ю., Чумасова О.А., Ильина Н.А., Шкаруба Н.С., Курочкина Ю.Д., Федорова А.В., Омельченко В.О., Летягина Е.А., Королев М.А., Сизиков А.Э., Черных Е.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevela E.Y., Sakhno L.V., Tikhonova M.A., Tyrinova T.V., Morenkova A.Y., Chumasova O.A., Ilina N.A., Shkaruba N.S., Kurochkina Y.D., Fedorova A.V., Omelchenko V.O., Letyagina E.A., Korolev M.A., Sizikov A.E., Chernykh E.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3260">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3260</self-uri><abstract><p>Регулирование воспаления при воспалительных/аутоиммунных ревматических заболеваниях, в частности аксиальном спондилоартрите, критически важно для купирования симптомов заболевания. Недавними исследованиями продемонстрирована важная роль ингибиторных рецепторов PD-1 и Tim-3 в регуляции функционального фенотипа моноцитов при воспалительных/аутоиммунных заболеваниях. Целью данной работы явилось исследование экспрессии ингибиторных рецепторов PD-1 и Tim-3 в субпопуляциях моноцитов пациентов с аксиальным спондилоартритом (аксCпА) и оценка их связи с клиническими параметрами заболевания и толерогенным маркером тирозинкиназой Мер (MerTK). Экспрессию PD-1 и Tim-3 в классических, промежуточных и неклассических моноцитах оценивали методом многоцветной проточной цитофлюриметрии в мононуклеарных клетках периферической крови 60 пациентов с аксиальным спондилоартритом и 40 условно здоровых доноров. Анализ субпопуляционного состава циркулирующих моноцитов выявил повышенное содержание классических моноцитов, что положительно коррелировало с параметрами системного воспаления: скорости оседания эритроцитов и уровня C-реактивного белка. Как и у доноров, у больных аксCпА наиболее высокая экспрессия PD-1 и Tim-3 регистрировалась в промежуточных и неклассических моноцитах. В то же время относительное содержание PD-1+ и PD-1+Tim-3+ клеток в популяциях пМо и нМо больных анкСпА было значимо снижено, в то время как уровень экспрессии Tim-3 у больных не отличался от показателей доноров. Примечательно, что содержание PD-1+ клеток прямо коррелировало с экспрессией MerTK (молекулой, опосредующей противовоспалительную активность моноцитов/макрофагов) во всех субпопуляциях моноцитов. Статистически значимое снижение экспрессии PD-1 и коэкспрессии PD-1 и Tim-3 выявлялось у пациентов-носителей антигена HLA-B27, у пациентов с развернутой и поздней стадиями заболевания, периферической формой аксCпА, в том числе с поражением тазобедренных суставов. Напротив, при отсутствии носительства HLA-B27 и у пациентов на ранней/нерентгенологической стадии экспрессия PD-1 была сопоставима с донорскими показателями, в то время как содержание Tim-3+ было повышено в популяции классических моноцитов. Следует отметить, что у больных, получавших первую линию терапии, снижение экспрессии PD-1 и коэкспрессии PD-1 и Tim-3 прямо коррелировало с активностью заболевания. Полученные данные о снижении экспрессии PD-1 и коэкспрессии PD-1 и Tim-3 в субпопуляциях промежуточных и неклассических моноцитов у пациентов с наличием генетической предрасположенности, продвинутыми стадиями заболевания и вовлечением периферических суставов, а также данные о сопряженности количества PD-1+ клеток во всех субпопуляциях моноцитов с экспрессией MerTK указывают на нарушение регуляции экспрессии ингибиторных чекпойнт-рецепторов в условиях воспаления и могут свидетельствовать о сниженном противовоспалительном потенциале моноцитов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Regulation of inflammation events in inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases, particularly axial spondyloarthritis, is critically important for alleviating clinical symptoms. Recent studies have shown the key role of PD-1 and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors in regulating the functional phenotype of monocytes in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the PD-1 and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors in different subsets of monocytes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and to evaluate their association with clinical features, as well as with tolerogenic marker Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK). The expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 in classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes was determined by means of multicolor flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 60 patients with axial spondyloarthritis and 40 healthy donors. The analysis of circulating monocyte subpopulations revealed an increased proportion of classical monocytes in patients, which positively correlated with systemic inflammation markers: erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Like as in donor group, the highest expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 in axSpA patients was observed in intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets. However, the relative proportions of PD-1+ and PD-1+Tim-3+ cells in intermediate and non-classical monocytes were significantly decreased in axSpA patients, whereas Tim-3 expression levels did not differ from the donor values. Notably, the proportion of PD-1+ cells directly correlated with expression of MerTK, a factor mediating the anti-inflammatory activity of monocytes/macrophages in all monocyte subsets. A statistically significant decrease in PD-1 expression and co-expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 was detected in HLA-B27 antigen carriers, patients with advanced and late-stage disease, and those with peripheral axSpA, including hip joint involvement. On the contrary, in HLA-B27-negative patients and those with early/non-radiographic stage disease, PD-1 expression was comparable to donor levels, while Tim-3+ cell contents were increased among classical monocytes. In patients receiving first-line therapy, the decreased PD-1 expression and PD-1+Tim-3+ co-expression directly correlated with disease activity. The obtained data that include a reduced PD-1 expression and PD-1+Tim-3+ co-expression in intermediate and non-classical monocytes in patients with genetic predisposition, advanced disease stages, and peripheral joint involvement, as well as the association between PD-1+ cell number and MerTK expression in all monocyte subsets, suggest a dysregulation of inhibitory checkpoint receptor expression under inflammatory conditions. These findings could presume a diminished anti-inflammatory capacity of monocytes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аксиальный спондилоартрит</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции моноцитов</kwd><kwd>иммунные чек-пойнт-рецепторы</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>Tim-3</kwd><kwd>MerTK</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>axial spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>monocyte subsets</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint receptors</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>Tim-3</kwd><kwd>MerTK</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhtari M., Vojdanian M., Javinani A., Ashraf-Ganjouei A., Jamshidi A., Mahmoudi M. Activation of adenosine A2A receptor induced interleukin-23 mRNA expression in macrophages of ankylosing spondylitis patients. 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