mimmunМедицинская иммунологияMedical Immunology (Russia)1563-06252313-741XSPb RAACI10.15789/1563-0625-ASI-3166mimmun-3248Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESАллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия снижает клинические проявления аллергического ринитаAllergen specific immunotherapy attenuates allergic rhinitis clinical manifestationsХашеми МохаддамС. А.Hashemi MoghaddamS. A.

Сейед Алиреза Махдавиани – отдел педиатрии, Госпиталь Шохадае 

1956944413, Тегеран, Ниаваран, Даар-Абад 

 Тел.: +982127123000 

Тегеран 

Department of Pediatrics, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital 

Tehran 

mahdavini@yahoo.comМахдавианиС. А.MahdavianiS. A.

Центр детских респираторных болезней, Национальный институт туберкулеза и болезней легких 

Тегеран 

Pediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center (PRDRC) 

 Tehran 

РекабиМ.RekabiM.

Центр детских респираторных болезней, Национальный институт туберкулеза и болезней легких 

Тегеран 

Bone Joint and Related Tissues Research Center 

 Tehran 

Шакиба МарамГ.Shakiba MaramG.

Центр детских респираторных болезней, Национальный институт туберкулеза и болезней легких 

Тегеран 

 Bone Joint and Related Tissues Research Center

 Tehran  

ДолиханиМ.DolikhaniM.

Центр детских респираторных болезней, Национальный институт туберкулеза и болезней легких 

Тегеран 

Bone Joint and Related Tissues Research Center 

 Tehran 

Медицинский университет Шахид БехештиИранShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesIslamic Republic of Iran202506062025273603612Copyright © Хашеми Мохаддам С., Махдавиани С.А., Рекаби М., Шакиба Марам Г., Долихани М., 20252025Хашеми Мохаддам С., Махдавиани С.А., Рекаби М., Шакиба Марам Г., Долихани М.Hashemi Moghaddam S., Mahdaviani S., Rekabi M., Shakiba Maram G., Dolikhani M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3248

Распространенность аллергических заболеваний, включая ринит и аллергическую астму, растет в современном мире, что можно объяснить «теорией гигиены». Избегание воздействия аллергенов и лекарственная терапия для облегчения клинических симптомов у этих пациентов недостаточны и малоэффективны. В настоящее время единственным стабильным методом лечением считается аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия. Предыдущие исследования в Иране в некоторой степени касались эффективности этого лечения, однако при этом не проводилось дальнейшее наблюдение за состоянием пациентов, как в плане клинического улучшения, так и побочных эффектов, и в настоящем исследовании мы рассматривали эти вопросы одновременно. После получения информированного личного согласия для выбранных пациентов была заполнена стандартная форма анкеты в соответствии с условиями включения в исследование. Результаты были проанализированы с помощью статистической программы SPSS. В настоящем исследовании участвовали 64 пациента в возрасте 34,5 (±10,5) года; в том числе 25 женщин. Иммунотерапия против деревьев, травы, сорняков и клещей была проведена соответственно, у 57, 49, 53 и 1 пациентов. Медианный (межквартильный) балл по астме у этих людей до и после иммунотерапии составил 8 (5-9) и 2 (1-3) соответственно. После иммунотерапии отмечено значительное снижение оценок в баллах по симптомам астмы, наличию хрипов, одышки и кашля у исследуемых субъектов (p < 0,0001 в общей группе). Медианный (межквартильный) балл по аллергическому риниту у этих людей до и после иммунотерапии составил 16 (12-20) и 2 (1-4) соответственно. Оценки по симптомам аллергического ринита – чиханию, насморку, назальному зуду, заложенности носа, зуду в глазах, слезотечению и покраснению глаз у этих пациентов значительно снизились после иммунотерапии (p < 0,0001 для всех случаев). Местные, распространенные и системные осложнения были зарегистрированы в 10, 2 и 3 случаях соответственно. Это исследование показало, что стандартная иммунотерапия с использованием обычных нативных аллергенов может улучшить значительные клинические симптомы у пациентов с умеренным или тяжелым аллергическим ринитом и легкой или умеренной аллергической астмой, которые не отреагировали адекватно на медикаментозное лечение. Для этих пациентов можно применить данный эффективный метод лечения.

The prevalence of allergic diseases, including rhinitis and allergic asthma, is increasing in the modern world based on the Hygiene theory. Avoidance of allergens and using drugs to relieve clinical symptoms in these patients are not sufficient and efficient. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only stable treatment approach. Previous studies in Iran have investigated the efficiency of this treatment. However, they had not performed a simultaneous follow-up of treatment status, with respect to patients’ recovery and side effects. In the present study, we addressed these issues together. After obtaining informed personal consent, a standard questionnaire form was completed for the selected patients according to the study’s entry conditions. The results were analyzed using SPSS, a statistical software program. Of the 64 patients in the present study with an average age of 34.48 (±10.46) years, 25 were women. Immunotherapy against antigens from trees, grass, weeds, and mites was performed, respectively for 57, 49, 53, and 1 allergy cases in the study, The median (IQR) asthma score in these persons before and after immunotherapy was 8 (5-9) and 2 (1-3), respectively. After immunotherapy, the scores of asthma, wheezing, shortness of breath, and cough in the studied subjects were shown to be significantly decreased (p < 0.0001 for entire group). The median (IQR) score of allergic rhinitis in these people before and after immunotherapy was 16 (12-20) and 2 (1-4), respectively. The scores of allergic rhinitis, sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and red eyes in these patients were significantly decreased after immunotherapy (p < 0.0001 for the total group). Local, extensive, and systemic complications were reported in 10, 2, and 3 cases, respectively. This study demonstrated that standard immunotherapy using common native allergens can improve significant clinical symptoms in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis and mild-to-moderate allergic asthma who have not responded adequately to conventional therapy. An effective treatment approach should be suggested for these patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.