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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-RWS-3143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3238</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повторное заражение вариантами вируса SARS-CoV-2: к вопросу об эффективности гибридного иммунитета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variants: The issues of hybrid immunity efficiency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Побожая</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pobozhaya</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Побожая Ирина Андреевна – врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, заведующая лабораторией микробиологии и молекулярно-биологических методов исследования </p><p>197373, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Плесецкая, 4, стр. 1, кв. 284 </p><p>Тел.: 8 (967) 433-27-03 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Pobozhaya, Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Head </p><p>St. Petersburg City Hospital No. 40 4 </p><p>Plesetskaya St, Bldg 1, Apt 284 St. Petersburg 197373 </p><p>Phone: +7 (967) 433-27-03 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.a.pobozhaja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела лабораторной диагностики научно-исследовательского центра; профессор кафедры иммунологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics; Professor, Department of Immunology </p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела</p><p>Санкт-Петербург  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physics and Mathematics), Senior Researcher, Research Department “Medical Registry” </p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница № 40 Курортного района»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg City Hospital No. 40</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Nikiforov All-Russian Center for Emergency and Radiation Medicine; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Nikiforov All-Russian Center for Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>685</fpage><lpage>692</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Побожая И.А., Калинина Н.М., Макарова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Побожая И.А., Калинина Н.М., Макарова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pobozhaya I.A., Kalinina N.M., Makarova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3238">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3238</self-uri><abstract><p>Новые знания о вакцинопрофилактике дают исследователям и практикующим врачам почву для поиска путей к разгадке причин неудачных исходов заболевания и повторного заражения COVID-19, как в случаях с естественным, так и с гибридным иммунитетом у пациентов, перенесших инфицирование вариантами вируса SARS-CoV-2. Цель – изучить влияние вакцинации на срок повторного заражения вариантами вируса SARS-CoV-2, выявить различия Ct (пороговое число циклов) между случаями первичного заражения и реинфекции COVID-19. В исследование были включены 67 пациентов, проходившие лечение в СПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница № 40» в период с апреля 2020 г. по август 2023 г. в возрасте от 22 до 75 лет, которые были повторно инфицированы вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Критериями включения больных в исследование явились: подтвержденный диагноз «COVID-19» первично и повторно инфицированных вирусом SARS-CoV-2, возраст от 22 до 75 лет, наличие информации о вакцинации между первичным и повторным эпизодами заболевания новой коронавирусной инфекции. В исследование не включены беременные, пациенты с психическими, онкологическими заболеваниями и инфекциями дыхательных путей, вызванные другими респираторными вирусами. В качестве тест-системы для определения Ct (пороговое число циклов) был использован набор для выявления РНК коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 методом ОТ-ПЦР в режиме реального времени «РеалБест РНК SARS-CoV-2» (АО «Вектор-Бест», Россия). Статистическая обработка полученных данных проведена с использованием программы STATISTICA 13.0. Различия групп считались статистически значимыми при p &lt; 0,05. Анализ полученных данных выявил статистически значимое различие (p &lt; 0,05) группы А от остальных групп В, С, D по количеству дней между первичной и повторной заболеваемостью COVID-19. В группах А, В, С, D первично перенесших вирусное заболевание Ct не имело статистически значимых отличий (p &gt; 0,05). При сравнении полученных результатов в каждой группе по Ct при первичном и повторном заражении COVID-19 найдено статистически значимое отличие в группе B (p &lt; 0,05). При сравнении Ct при первичном и повторном заражении группы A с остальными группами статистически значимых отличий не найдено (p &gt; 0,05). Вакцинопрофилактика COVID-19 – основная стратегическая задача на ближайшую перспективу, но применение для этих целей различных вакцин требует постоянного анализа со стороны медицинского сообщества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current knowledge about vaccine prevention provides the basis for searching a way to unravel the causes of unfavorable disease outcomes and reinfection with COVID-19, both in cases with natural and hybrid immunity observed in patients infected with genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our aim was study the effect of vaccination on the timing of reinfection with variant strains of the SARS-CoV-2, and to evaluate the differences in Ct values (threshold cycles in PCR test) between primary COVID-19 infection and reinfection cases. The study included 67 patients treated at the St. Petersburg City Hospital No. 40, aged 22-75 years, from April 2020 to August 2023, who were repeatedly infected with the SARS-CoV-2. The criteria for including patients in the study were as follows: a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in the initially and repeatedly infected persons with SARS-CoV-2 virus, age from 22 to 75 years, availability of vaccination data between the primary and repeated episodes of the new coronavirus infection. The study did not include pregnant women, patients with mental disorders, cancer, and respiratory infections caused by other respiratory viruses. As a test system for determining Ct values (threshold number of PCR cycles), we used a diagnostic real-time PCR kit for detecting SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA (RealBest RNA SARS-CoV-2, Vector-Best JSC, Russia). Statistical evaluation was carried out using the STATISTICA 13.0 program. The group differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05. Analysis of the data obtained revealed a statistically significant difference between (p &lt; 0.05) group A and other groups (B, C, D) in the number of days between the primary and repeated incidence of COVID-19. In the groups A, B, C, D who had a primary viral infection, the Ct levels had no statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). When comparing the results obtained in each group for Ct during primary disease and reinfection with COVID-19, a statistically significant difference was found in group B (p &lt; 0.05). When comparing Ct values during primary and reinfection between group A and other groups, no statistically significant differences were found (p &gt; 0.05). Vaccine prevention is the main strategic task for the near future, but the use of various vaccines for these purposes requires continuous analysis by the medical community.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>реинфекция</kwd><kwd>повторное заражение</kwd><kwd>вакцинопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>reinfection</kwd><kwd>vaccine prevention</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуев В. 6 новых побочных для привитых и не привитых [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://dzen.ru/a/ZfWHWI0sgS3_51MA. (Дата обращения: 12.10.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuev V. 6 new side effects for vaccinated and unvaccinated [Electronic resource]. Available at: http://dzen.ru/a/ZfWHWI0sgS3_51MA. 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