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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-BAO-3235</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биоинформатический анализ однонуклеотидных вариантов гена F12, ассоциированных с наследственным ангиоотеком</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bioinformatic analysis of single nucleotide variants in the F12 gene associated with hereditary angioedema</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0613-0383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седых</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedykh</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ann_sedykh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the of the Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection, Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Junior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно- исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт- Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Director; Head, Department of Immunology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1369</fpage><lpage>1384</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Седых А.В., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Тотолян А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Седых А.В., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sedykh A.V., Ostankova Y.V., Schemelev A.N., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3235">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3235</self-uri><abstract><p>Наследственный ангиоотек – генетически детерминированное заболевание, которое относится к первичным иммунодефицитам с нарушением системы комплемента. Чаще всего у пациентов заболевание характеризуется дефицитом С1-ингибитора (НАО I типа) или нарушением функциональной активности С1-ингибитора (НАО II типа). В таких случаях ставят диагноз на основании лабораторных показателей. При НАО с нормальным уровнем и активностью С1-ингибитора диагноз может быть поставлен только на основе семейного анамнеза и/или генетического анализа. У пациентов с НАО с нормальным С1-ингибитором наиболее часто встречаются мутации в гене F12, особенно у женщин. Однако нередко выявляются мутации, которые не имеют точного клинического значения. Учитывая ограниченное количество больных НАО, невозможно экспериментально определить клиническое значение вновь обнаруживаемых полиморфных вариантов. Решением этой проблемы может стать анализ in silico каждого нового полиморфизма. Целью нашей работы было оценить предсказательную возможность методов биоинформатического анализа при оценке полиморфных вариантов в гене F12. Материалом служили четыре полиморфных варианта NC_000005.9:g.176831285C&gt;G, NC_000005.9:g.176831258C&gt;G, NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;C, NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;T с разным статусом клинической значимости. Для предсказания эффекта полиморфных вариантов на белок F12 были использованы различные веб-ресурсы, основанные на разных алгоритмах (SIFT, Polyрhen-2, FATHMM-XF, MutationTaster2021, MutPred2, MUpro и I-Mutant 2, HOPE, СhimeraX). In silico анализ показал, что мутации NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;C (p.Thr328Arg) и NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;T (p.Thr328Lys) обладают патогенным эффектом, что полностью соответствует их ранее установленному клиническому статусу. В то же время полиморфные варианты NC_000005.9:g.176831258C&gt;G (p.Gln319His) и NC_000005.9:g.176831285C&gt;G (p.Arg310Ser), по-видимому, не являются самостоятельной причиной заболевания, однако не исключается их возможное участие в модификации клинического фенотипа. Биоинформатический анализ играет ключевую роль в предварительной оценке значимости вновь выявленных мутаций в гене F12, способствует более точному поиску патогенных вариантов. Включение биоинформатических методов в диагностику необходимо при выявлении причины заболевания у пациентов с НАО с нормальным уровнем и функциональной активностью С1-ингибитора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a genetically determined disorder, a primary immunodeficiency involving complement system dysfunction. In most patients, the disease is characterized by a deficiency of C1 inhibitor (type I HAE) or impaired functional activity of the C1 inhibitor (type II HAE). In such cases, the diagnosis is based on laboratory findings. In HAE with normal C1 inhibitor levels and activity, the diagnosis can only be based on family history and/or genetic testing. Among patients with HAE with normal C1 inhibitor, mutations in the F12 gene are most frequently observed, particularly in females. However, mutations with uncertain clinical significance are often identified. Given the limited number of HAE cases, it is not feasible to experimentally determine the clinical relevance of newly discovered polymorphic variants. A potential solution to this problem is the in silico analysis of each novel polymorphism. Hence, the aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive potential of bioinformatic methods in assessing polymorphic variants in the F12 gene. The study was focused on four polymorphic variants: NC_000005.9:g.176831285C&gt;G, NC_000005.9:g.176831258C&gt;G, NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;C, and NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;T, with varying clinical significance statuses. To predict the effect of these polymorphic variants on the F12 protein, we used various Web-based tools employing different algorithms, including SIFT, PolyPhen-2, FATHMM-XF, MutationTaster2021, MutPred2, MUpro, I-Mutant 2, HOPE, and ChimeraX. The in silico approach demonstrated that the NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;C (p.Thr328Arg), and NC_000005.9:g.176831232G&gt;T (p.Thr328Lys) mutations have a pathogenic effect, which is fully consistent with their previously established clinical status. At the same time, the polymorphic variants NC_000005.9:g.176831258C&gt;G (p.Gln319His), and NC_000005.9:g.176831285C&gt;G (p.Arg310Ser) do not appear to be independent causes of the disease. However, their potential role in modifying the clinical phenotype cannot be excluded. Bioinformatic analysis plays a key role in preliminary assessment of clinical significance of newly detected mutations in the F12 gene and provides a more precise identification of pathogenic variants. Integration of bioinformatic tools into diagnostic workflows is essential for determining the cause of disease in patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with normal levels and functional activity of the C1 inhibitor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>наследственный ангиоотек</kwd><kwd>биоинформатический анализ</kwd><kwd>F12</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>hereditary angioedema</kwd><kwd>bioinformatic analysis</kwd><kwd>F12 gene</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Манто И.А., Латышева Е.А., Сорокина Л.Е., Латышева Т.В. Место шкал и опросников в оценке тяжести течения и подборе долгосрочной профилактики у пациентов с наследственным ангиоотеком // Терапевтический архив, 2021. 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