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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-SCT-3214</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Транскриптомика единичных клеток в исследовании рака простаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Single cell transcriptomics in prostate cancer research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1289-9365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акрамова</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akramova</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акрамова Элина Ринатовна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории иммунологии Института урологии и клинической онкологии; магистрант Института развития образования по направлению «Биология» </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akramova E.R., Laboratory Research Assistant, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology; Master's Student in Biology, Institute for Education Development </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erakramova@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8184-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарифьянова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharifyanova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарифьянова Юлия Вакилевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии Института урологии и клинической онкологии </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sharifyanova Yu.V., Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuvsharifyanova@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9174-4824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнуллина</surname><given-names>Д. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainullina</surname><given-names>D. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнуллина Диана Халиловна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории иммунологии Института урологии и клинической онкологии; студент педиатрического факультета </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gainullina D.Kh., Laboratory Research Assistant, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology; Student, Pediatric Faculty </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaynullina_d@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3298-3895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмелькова</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmelkova</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмелькова Полина Николаевна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории иммунологии Института урологии и клинической онкологии; студент педиатрического факультета </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shmelkova P.N., Laboratory Research Assistant, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology; Student, Pediatric Faculty </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shmelkova_polina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-9623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калимуллина</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalimullina</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калимуллина Лилия Ильгизовна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии Института урологии и клинической онкологии </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kalimullina L.I., Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilia.kalim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Валентин Николаевич – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, ректор </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavlov V.N., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlov@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-2124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еникеева</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Enikeeva</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еникеева Кадрия Ильдаровна – к.фарм.н., заведующая лабораторией иммунологии Института урологии и клинической онкологии </p><p>450083, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Шафиева, 2, корп. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Enikeeva K.I., PhD (Pharmacy), Head, Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology </p><p>2 Shafiev St, Bldg 5 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450083 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kienikeeva@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>935</fpage><lpage>944</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Акрамова Э.Р., Шарифьянова Ю.В., Гайнуллина Д.Х., Шмелькова П.Н., Калимуллина Л.И., Павлов В.Н., Еникеева К.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акрамова Э.Р., Шарифьянова Ю.В., Гайнуллина Д.Х., Шмелькова П.Н., Калимуллина Л.И., Павлов В.Н., Еникеева К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akramova E.R., Sharifyanova Y.V., Gainullina D.K., Shmelkova P.N., Kalimullina L.I., Pavlov V.N., Enikeeva K.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3214">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3214</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – проанализировать современные достижения в области транскриптомных технологий, ориентированных на анализе единичных клеток с акцентом на их применение в исследовании опухолевого микроокружения и иммунного ландшафта при раке предстательной железы (РПЖ). Были проанализированы научные базы данных PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase. РПЖ – злокачественное новообразование, зависящее от гормонов андрогенного происхождения, которое поражает мочеполовую систему мужчин. Данные показывают, что у мужчин младше 40 лет РПЖ встречается крайне редко, в то время как наибольшее количество случаев наблюдается в возрастной группе от 50 до 70 лет. На сегодняшний день РПЖ является одним из наиболее распространенных онкологических заболеваний среди мужчин и представляет собой одну из основных причин смертности от рака. Согласно данным Глобальной онкологической обсерватории (GCO), в 2022 году по всему миру было зарегистрировано 1467854 новых случая РПЖ, что привело к 397430 летальным исходам, связанным с этим заболеванием. РПЖ занимает четвертое место по заболеваемости и второе по смертности среди всех онкологических заболеваний у мужчин. В России РПЖ занимает вторую позицию по заболеваемости среди всех видов рака у мужчин, с зарегистрированными 52712 случаями на 2022 год, и четвертую по смертности, с 14635 случаями. Глубокое понимание механизмов патогенеза и прогрессирования РПЖ имеет ключевое значение для эффективной диагностики и разработки методов лечения. В обзоре представлен анализ транскриптомных техологий в разрешении единичных клеток в изучении клеточной гетерогенности при РПЖ. Также подробно представлена методология анализа, охарактеризована клеточная гетерогенность при РПЖ, описаны современные исследования в области транскриптомики единичных клеток при раке простаты, а также обозначены перспективные направления применения полученных результатов в клинической практике. Результаты исследований в этой области имеют значительный потенциал для использования в качестве как прогностических, так и диагностических маркеров опухолевых процессов. Таким образом, работа подчеркивает важность изучения клеточной гетерогенности для совершенствования методов диагностики и терапии рака простаты. Технологии исследования транскриптома единичных клеток предоставляют уникальные возможности для углубленного понимания молекулярных и клеточных механизмов, лежащих в основе иммунного ответа при онкологических заболеваниях. Полученные данные могут стать основой для развития новых направлений в фундаментальной иммунологии, разработки инновационных терапевтических стратегий и внедрения персонализированного подхода к лечению рака простаты, что открывает перспективы для повышения эффективности терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of our study was to review current advances in transcriptome technologies focused on single cell analysis with emphasis on their application in the study of the tumor microenvironment and immune landscape in prostate cancer (PCa). PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase scientific databases were analyzed. PCa is an androgen hormone-dependent malignant neoplasm that affects the male genitourinary system. Evidence shows that, in men under 40 years of age, PCa is extremely rare, while the highest number of cases occurs in the 50 to 70 age group. Today, PCa is one of the most common cancers among men and represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), there were 1,467,854 new cases of cancer worldwide in 2022, resulting in 397,430 deaths associated with the disease. PCa ranks fourth in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality among all cancers in men. In Russia, PCa ranks second in incidence among all cancers in men, with 52,712 cases registered as of 2022, and fourth in mortality, with 14,635 cases. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of PCa is key to effective diagnosis and treatment development. This review presents an analysis of transcriptome-based techniques in single-cell resolution for studying cellular heterogeneity in PCa. The methodology of the analysis is also presented in detail, cellular heterogeneity in PCa is characterized, current research in the field of single cell transcriptomics in PCa is described, and promising applications of the results in clinical practice are also outlined. The results of research in this area have significant potential for use as both prognostic and diagnostic markers of tumor processes. Thus, the work emphasizes the importance of studying cellular heterogeneity to improve the methods of PCa diagnostics and therapy. Technologies for studying the transcriptome of single cells provide unique opportunities for in-depth understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the immune response in cancer. The data obtained may become the basis for the development of new directions in fundamental immunology, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and a personalized approach to prostate cancer treatment, which opens prospects for improving the efficiency of treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>простата</kwd><kwd>транскриптомика</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>scRNAseq</kwd><kwd>РНК</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>prostate</kwd><kwd>transcriptomics</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>single-cell RNA</kwd><kwd>RNA</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Программа стратегического академического лидерства БГМУ ПРИОРИТЕТ-2030</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">BSMU Strategic Academic Leadership Program PRIORITY-2030</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azizi E., Carr A.J., Plitas G., Cornish A.E., Konopacki C., Prabhakaran S., Nainys J., Wu K., Kiseliovas V., Setty M., Choi K., Fromme R.M., Dao P., McKenney P.T., Wasti R.C., Kadaveru K., Mazutis L., Rudensky A.Y., Pe’er D. 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