<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-EOT-3198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3198</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние полиморфизма TGF-b Arg25Pro на маркеры системного воспаления, кишечной проницаемости и сосудистой регуляции у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой в постковидном периоде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of TGF-b Arg25Pro polymorphism on the markers of systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability, and vascular regulation in patients with bronchial asthma during post-COVID period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatskov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яцков Игорь Анатольевич – к.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренней медицины № 2 </p><p>295051, Республика Крым, г. Симферополь, бул. Ленина, 5/7 </p><p>Тел.: 8 (978) 709-40-15 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2 </p><p>Simferopol </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egermd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-754X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоглазов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beloglazov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой внутренней медицины № 2 </p><p>г. Симферополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2 </p><p>Simferopol </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biloglazov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4590-3580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агеева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ageeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой биологии медицинской </p><p>г. Симферополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Medical Biology </p><p>Simferopol </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ageevaeliz@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-4516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумельский</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumelsky</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший преподаватель кафедры общественного здоровья и организации здравоохранения </p><p>г. Симферополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization </p><p>Simferopol </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekum.rk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-6388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попенко</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popenko</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренней медицины № 2 </p><p>г. Симферополь </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No. 2 </p><p>Simferopol </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juska_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинский институт имени С.И. Георгиевского ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Georgievsky Medical Institute, V. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>671</fpage><lpage>676</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яцков И.А., Белоглазов В.А., Агеева Е.С., Кумельский Е.Д., Попенко Ю.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яцков И.А., Белоглазов В.А., Агеева Е.С., Кумельский Е.Д., Попенко Ю.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatskov I.A., Beloglazov V.A., Ageeva E.S., Kumelsky E.D., Popenko Y.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3198">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3198</self-uri><abstract><p>Состояние после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) сопровождается рядом патофизиологических изменений, утяжеляющих течение уже имеющейся у пациента патологии, что особенно выражено при заболеваниях кардиоваскулярной и респираторной систем. Так, по данным литературы, кардиоваскулярный риск после перенесенной НКИ возрастает кратно по сравнению с группой пациентов, не перенесших данную инфекцию. Известно о снижении уровня контроля у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой (БА) в постковидном периоде. Многие изменения остаются скрытыми долгое время, не имея клинических проявлений, однако увеличивая риск неблагоприятных событий. Ранее лабораторное выявление данных нарушений позволило бы существенно ускорить принятие клинических решений, направленных на снижение вероятности развития тяжелых изменений в будущем. Наибольшую роль в регуляции и разрешении воспалительных процессов играет трансформирующий фактор роста-beta (TGF-β). По данным литературы, именно полиморфизм гена, кодирующего TGF-β, ассоциирован с развитием БА и атопии, развитием и прогрессированием отдаленных последствий НКИ. Целью исследования было изучение влияния полиморфизма TGF-β Arg25Pro на лабораторные маркеры системного воспаления, кишечной проницаемости и сосудистой регуляции у пациентов с БА, перенесших НКИ. В исследование было включено 72 пациента с БА (52 женщины (72,22%) и 20 (27,78%) мужчин, средний возраст 64,9±6,86 года), перенесших НКИ по данным анамнеза. Всем пациентам проведено исследование периферической крови для определения генотипа полиморфизма TGF-β Arg25Pro методом аллельспецифической полимеразной цепной реакции (ООО НПФ «ЛИТЕХ», Россия). Для определения концентрации в плазме крови C-реактивного белка (CRP) (мг/л), зонулина (нг/мл), ангиотензина-2 (пг/мл) и TGF-β использовались наборы для иммуноферментного анализа (Cloud Clone corp., Китай). У пациентов с AA генотипом полиморфизма TGF-β Arg25Pro выявлен статистически значимо более высокий уровень CRP – 3,59 (2,95-3,88) мг/л по сравнению с генотипами PP – 1,91 (0,54-3,37) мг/л (p1-2 = 0,028) и AP – 2,45 (0,48-2,88) мг/л (p1-3 = 0,005). Показатель зонулина плазмы также был достоверно выше в группе с генотипом AA, по сравнению с 2-й и 3-й группами исследования (p1-2 = 0,023 и p1-3 = 0,032). В группе с AA генотипом зарегистрирован более высокий уровень TGF-β по сравнению с группой с генотипом PP (p1-2 = 0,009). Наименьшая концентрация ангиотензина-2 выявлена в группе №1 с AA генотипом полиморфизма TGF-β Arg25Pro. Полиморфизм TGF-β Arg25Pro может быть ассоциирован с развитием системного воспаления и повышенной кишечной проницаемости у пациентов с БА в постковидном периоде.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The condition of patients following new coronavirus infection (NCI) is accompanied by a number of pathophysiologic changes that aggravate the course of the patient’s existing pathology, which is especially manifesting by cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Cardiovascular risk after NCI is increased many-fold as compared to the patients who did not suffer with this infection. A decreased bronchial asthma (BA) control was reported in patients within post-NCI period. Many changes remain latent for a long time without clinical manifestations but increase the risk of adverse events. Earlier laboratory detection of these abnormalities would significantly accelerate clinical decision-making to reduce the likelihood of severe changes in the future. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays role in the regulation and resolution of inflammatory processes. Polymorphism of the gene encoding TGF-β is known to be associated with the development of BA and atopy, development and progression of remote NCI consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of TGF-β Arg25Pro polymorphism on laboratory markers of systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and vascular regulation in patients with BA who underwent NCI. The study included 72 patients with BA including 52 women (72.22%) and 20 males (27.78%), at a mean age of 64.9±6.86 years) who had a history of NCI. All patients underwent testing to determine the genotype of TGF-β Arg25Pro polymorphism by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (Litech, Russia). Immunoassay kits (Cloud Clone Corp., China) were used to determine plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L), zonulin (ng/mL), angiotensin-2 (pg/mL), and TGF-β. Patients with AA genotype of TGF-β Arg25Pro polymorphism had higher level of CRP (3.59; 2.95-3.88) mg/l compared to PP genotypes (1.91; 0.54-3.37) mg/l (p1-2 = 0.028) and AP (2.45; 0.48-2.88) mg/l (p1-3 = 0.005). Plasma zonulin levels were also higher in the group with AA genotype, compared to study groups 2 and 3 (p1-2 = 0.023 and p1-3 = 0.032). The group with AA genotype displayed higher TGF-β levels compared to PP genotype (p1-2 = 0.009). The lowest angiotensin-2 concentration was found in group 1. Conclusion: TGF-β Arg25Pro polymorphism may be associated with development of systemic inflammation and increased intestinal permeability in patients with BA over the post-COVID period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>Arg25Pro</kwd><kwd>TGF-β</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>СРБ</kwd><kwd>проницаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>new coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>TGF-β</kwd><kwd>Arg25Pro</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>CRP</kwd><kwd>permeability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-15-20021, https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-20021/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant no. 23-15-20021, https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-20021/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яцков И.А., Белоглазов В.А., Агеева Е.С. Полиморфизм Arg25Pro гена TGFβ как фактор дифференцированного подхода к профилактике у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа // Физиотерапевт, 2024. № 6. С. 114-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatskov I.A., Beloglazov V.A., Ageeva E.S. Arg25Pro polymorphism of TGFβ gene as a factor in differentiated approach to prophylaxis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Fizioterapevt = Physiotherapist, 2024, no. 6, pp. 114-120. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agondi R.C., Menechino N., Marinho A.K.B.B., Kalil J., Giavina-Bianchi P. Worsening of asthma control after COVID-19. Front. Med. (Lausanne), 2022, Vol. 9, 882665. doi: org/10.3389/fmed.2022.882665.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agondi R.C., Menechino N., Marinho A.K.B.B., Kalil J., Giavina-Bianchi P. Worsening of asthma control after COVID-19. Front. Med. (Lausanne), 2022, Vol. 9, 882665. doi: org/10.3389/fmed.2022.882665.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crowley S.D., Rudemiller N.P. Immunologic effects of the renin-angiotensin system. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2017, Vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1350-1361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crowley S.D., Rudemiller N.P. Immunologic effects of the renin-angiotensin system. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2017, Vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1350-1361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Z., Fan T., Xiao C., Tian H., Zheng Y., Li C., He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 2024, Vol. 9, no. 1, 61. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Z., Fan T., Xiao C., Tian H., Zheng Y., Li C., He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 2024, Vol. 9, no. 1, 61. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goerlich E., Chung T.H., Hong G.H., Metkus T.S., Gilotra N.A., Post W.S., Hays A.G. Cardiovascular effects of the post-COVID-19 condition. Nat. Cardiovasc. Res., 2024, Vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118-129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goerlich E., Chung T.H., Hong G.H., Metkus T.S., Gilotra N.A., Post W.S., Hays A.G. Cardiovascular effects of the post-COVID-19 condition. Nat. Cardiovasc. Res., 2024, Vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118-129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Majidpour M., Azizi S.G., Davodabadi F., Sabeti Akbar-Abad M., Abdollahi Z., Sargazi S., Shahriari H. Recent advances in TGF-β signaling pathway in COVID-19 pathogenesis: A review. Microb. Pathog., 2025, Vol. 199, 107236. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majidpour M., Azizi S.G., Davodabadi F., Sabeti Akbar-Abad M., Abdollahi Z., Sargazi S., Shahriari H. Recent advances in TGF-β signaling pathway in COVID-19 pathogenesis: A review. Microb. Pathog., 2025, Vol. 199, 107236. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michał P., Konrad S., Piotr K. TGF-β gene polimorphisms as risk factors for asthma control among clinic patients. J. Inflamm. (Lond.), 2021, Vol. 18, no. 1, 28. doi: 10.1186/s12950-021-00294-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michał P., Konrad S., Piotr K. TGF-β gene polimorphisms as risk factors for asthma control among clinic patients. J. Inflamm. (Lond.), 2021, Vol. 18, no. 1, 28. doi: 10.1186/s12950-021-00294-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rönnbäck C., Hansson E. The importance and control of low-grade inflammation due to damage of cellular barrier systems that may lead to systemic inflammation. Front. Neurol., 2019, Vol. 10, 533. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rönnbäck C., Hansson E. The importance and control of low-grade inflammation due to damage of cellular barrier systems that may lead to systemic inflammation. Front. Neurol., 2019, Vol. 10, 533. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholkmann F., May C.A. COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences. Pathol. Res. Pract., 2023, Vol. 246, 154497. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholkmann F., May C.A. COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and postCOVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences. Pathol. Res. Pract., 2023, Vol. 246, 154497. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharif S., Van der Graaf Y., Cramer M.J., Kapelle L.J., de Borst G.J., Visseren F.L.J., Westerink J.; SMART study group. Low-grade inflammation as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2021, Vol. 20, no. 1, 220. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01409-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharif S., Van der Graaf Y., Cramer M.J., Kapelle L.J., de Borst G.J., Visseren F.L.J., Westerink J.; SMART study group. Low-grade inflammation as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2021, Vol. 20, no. 1, 220. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01409-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Travis M.A., Sheppard D. TGF-β activation and function in immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 32, pp. 51-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Travis M.A., Sheppard D. TGF-β activation and function in immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 32, pp. 51-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao K., Cao S., Jiao L., Song Z., Lu J., Hu C. TGF-β1 protects intestinal integrity and influences Smads and MAPK signal pathways in IPEC-J2 after TNF-α challenge. Innate Immun., 2017, Vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 276-284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao K., Cao S., Jiao L., Song Z., Lu J., Hu C. TGF-β1 protects intestinal integrity and influences Smads and MAPK signal pathways in IPEC-J2 after TNF-α challenge. Innate Immun., 2017, Vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 276-284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
