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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-MCA-3197</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3197</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром активации тучных клеток: проблемы гипердиагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mast cell activation syndrome: The overdiagnosis problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микрюкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikryukova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Микрюкова Наталья Васильевна – заведующая отделением профилактики и экспертизы профессиональной пригодности поликлиники </p><p>197345, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Оптиков, 54 </p><p>Тел.: 8 (812) 702-6-345 (доб. 3331) </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department of Prevention and Expertise of Professional Suitability of the Polyclinic </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya@mikryukov.info</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1752-6888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела лабораторной диагностики научно-исследовательского центра;  профессор кафедры иммунологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics; Professor, Department of Immunology </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya@mikryukov.info</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>651</fpage><lpage>656</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Микрюкова Н.В., Калинина Н.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Микрюкова Н.В., Калинина Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikryukova N.V., Kalinina N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3197">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3197</self-uri><abstract><p>Частота выявления синдрома активации тучных клеток (САТК) увеличилась с тех пор, как это заболевание было впервые описано как фенотип, схожий с мастоцитозом. Несмотря на то, что критерии, разработанные консорциумом САТК, хорошо описаны, этот рост наблюдается на фоне появления множества альтернативных критериев для диагностики САТК. Венский консенсус установил четкие диагностические критерии для САТК, которые включают, во-первых, клинический критерий, характеризующийся тяжелыми рецидивирующими симптомами, затрагивающими две и более системы органов, и соответствующими критериям анафилаксии. Во-вторых, лабораторный критерий, где наиболее специфичным маркером и золотым стандартом является значительное увеличение уровня триптазы, определяемое в сыворотке крови течение нескольких часов (до 4 часов) после произошедшего события, рассчитываемое по формуле: 120% от базального уровня плюс 2 нг/мл. Определение других биомаркеров в настоящее время не рекомендуется из-за их меньшей специфичности и отсутствия четко установленных пороговых значений. В-третьих, критерий терапевтического ответа, который подразумевает, что лекарственные препараты, направленные на тучные клетки, должны уменьшать частоту и тяжесть эпизодов САТК. Существует классификация САТК, которая делит его на первичный (клональный), вторичный (неклональный) и идиопатический САТК. Первичный САТК определяется клональной экспансией тучных клеток и протекает с подтвержденным системным мастоцитозом или двумя второстепенными критериями мастоцитоза. Вторичный САТК возникает при активации тучных клеток известными триггерами, чаще всего опосредованными IgE или другими реакциями гиперчувствительности (например, анафилаксия, вызванная лекарственными средствами, пищей или укусами насекомых). Если не удается выявить ни клональную экпансию, ни триггер активации тучных клеток, состояние классифицируется как идиопатический САТК. Клинические критерии Консенсуса 2 не обладают достаточной специфичностью для диагностики САТК и использование менее специфических (или неспецифических) лабораторных тестов, может привести к гипердиагностике этого состояния. Недавние исследования подтверждают, что САТК встречается довольно редко. Тем не менее пациенты с неуточненным САТК испытывают неспецифические симптомы без ясного патогенетического объяснения, не отвечают на стандартную терапию, направленную на тучные клетки, что приводит не только к ухудшению качества жизни, но и социальной стигматизации. Однако важно понимать, что неверная диагностика САТК может привести к тому, что будет пропущено основное заболевание, не связанное с активацией тучных клеток и не назначено адекватное лечение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) has increased since first definition as a mastocytosis-like phenotype. Despite well-described criteria developed by the MCAS consortium, its growing rates have occurred in the context of multiple alternative criteria for MCAS diagnostics. The Vienna Consensus has defined clear diagnostic criteria for MCAS, which include, first of all, a clinical criterion characterized by severe recurrent symptoms involving two or more organs and meeting the criteria for anaphylactic response. Secondly, a laboratory criterion, has been established where the most specific and golden standard marker is a significant increase in tryptase levels, determined in blood serum for several hours (up to 4 h) after the event, being calculated as 120% of the basal tryptase level plus 2 ng/mL. Determination of other biomarkers is currently not recommended due to their lower specificity and lack of clearly set cut-off values. Third, the therapeutic response criterion, which implies that the drugs targeting mast cells, should reduce the frequency and severity of MCAS episodes. There is a classification of MCAS, which discriminates primary (clonal) and secondary (non-clonal) response from idiopathic MCAS. Primary MCAS is defined by clonal expansion of mast cells and proceeds in confirmed systemic mastocytosis, or two minor criteria for mastocytosis. Secondary MCAS is diagnosed when the mast cells are activated by known triggers. Most often, it is associated with IgE-mediated or other hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., drug-, food-, or insect-induced anaphylaxis). If neither clonal expansion, nor a trigger event for mast cell activation can be identified, the condition is classified as idiopathic MCAS. Consensus 2 clinical criteria are not specific enough to diagnose MCAS, and the use of less specific (or non-specific) laboratory tests may lead to overdiagnosis of this condition. Recent studies confirm that MCAS is quite rare. However, patients with unspecified MCAS exhibit non-specific symptoms without a clear pathogenic significance, do not respond to standard mast cell-targeted therapy, thus leading to a reduced quality of life, as well as to social stigmatization. However, it is important to understand that false diagnostics of MCAS may lead to missing the diagnosis of underlying disease not associated with mast cell activation, and appropriate treatment will be not administered to the patient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром активации тучных клеток</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>триптаза</kwd><kwd>системный мастоцитоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mast cell activation syndrome</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>tryptase</kwd><kwd>systemic mastocytosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afrin L.B., Ackerley M.B., Bluestein L.S., Brewer J.H., Brook J.B., Buchanan A.D., Cuni J.R., Davey W.P., Dempsey T.T., Dorff S.R., Dubravec M.S., Guggenheim A.G., Hindman K.J., Hoffman B., Kaufman D.L., Kratzer S.J., Lee T.M., Marantz M.S., Maxwell A.J., McCann K.K., McKee D.L., Menk Otto L., Pace L.A., Perkins D.D., Radovsky L., Raleigh M.S., Rapaport S.A., Reinhold E.J., Renneker M.L., Robinson W.A., Roland A.M., Rosenbloom E.S., Rowe P.C., Ruhoy I.S., Saperstein D.S., Schlosser D.A., Schofield J.R., Settle J.E., Weinstock L.B., Wengenroth M., Westaway M., Xi S.C., Molderings G.J. 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