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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-TIO-3195</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы оценки нормативных диапазонов показателей основных субпопуляций лимфоцитов крови у детей разного возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The issues of assessing reference ranges for the main subpopulations of blood lymphocytes in children at different ages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-4652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семикина</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semikina</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая лабораторным отделом; профессор кафедры педиатрии и детской ревматологии педиатрического факультета </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory Department; Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semikinaelena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топтыгина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toptygina</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель лаборатории цитокинов; профессор кафедры иммунологии биологического факультета </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Cytokines; Professor, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">toptyginaanna@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копыльцова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopyltsova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач клинико-диагностической лаборатории </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Physician, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kopyltsova@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петричук</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrichuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virusology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cito@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии, заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virusology, Head of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docsvetlana@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virusology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">putintseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ноздрачева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nozdracheva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., руководитель лаборатории неспецифической профилактики инфекционных заболеваний</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Nonspecific Prophylaxis of Infection Diseases</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nozdracheva@gamaleya.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1339</fpage><lpage>1354</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семикина Е.Л., Топтыгина А.П., Копыльцова Е.А., Петричук С.В., Акулова С.С., Курбатова О.В., Ноздрачева А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семикина Е.Л., Топтыгина А.П., Копыльцова Е.А., Петричук С.В., Акулова С.С., Курбатова О.В., Ноздрачева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semikina E.L., Toptygina A.P., Kopyltsova E.A., Petrichuk S.V., Akulova S.S., Kurbatova O.V., Nozdracheva A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3195">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3195</self-uri><abstract><p>Возрастная динамика состава основных субпопуляций лимфоцитов крови у детей изучена достаточно хорошо, но вопрос о границах нормы, особенно в раннем возрасте, остается актуальным. В работе проанализированы данные прямой выборки из 624 образцов крови здоровых детей возраста от 1 недели жизни до 17 лет 11 мес., жителей Москвы и центральных регионов России, которым при проведении профилактических осмотров выполнялся общий клинический анализ крови. Основным критерием включения ребенка в исследование была достоверная информации об отсутствии у него острых и хронических заболеваний. Абсолютное число лимфоцитов определялось в комплексе показателей автоматизированного анализа крови, применялась 5 Diff-технология проточной гемоцитометрии с флюоресцентным окрашиванием нуклеиновых кислот. Из остаточного объема крови методом проточной цитофлюорометрии с 3-4-цветным окрашиванием определены процентные и абсолютные показатели Т-лимфоцитов, Т-хелперов, Т-цитотоксических клеток, соотношение хелперы:цитотоксические лимфоциты, а также процент и абсолютные числа В-лимфоцитов и естественных киллеров. Сформировано 14 возрастных групп с числом наблюдений в каждой от 40 до 64. Методом Колмогорова–Смирнова подтверждено нормальное распределение полученных показателей как в общей группе, так и в отдельных возрастных группах. В статье приведены подробные результаты обработки полученных данных методами непараметрической (медиана, межквартильный интервал, диапазон от 10 до 90 центиля) и параметрической статистики (средняя и стандартное отклонение). На основании оценки интервала 10-90 центилей рассчитаны границы нормы для процентных и абсолютных показателей перечисленных субпопуляций лимфоцитов. Подтверждена известная динамика постепенного снижения по мере взросления детей абсолютного числа лимфоцитов и абсолютных показателей для всех основных субпопуляций, а также относительно более высокие показатели соотношения хелперы : цитотоксические лимфоциты у детей раннего возраста. Подтвержден более высокий процентный уровень В-лимфоцитов у детей в возрастном диапазоне от 2 мес. до 2 лет, что вместе с высоким общим числом лимфоцитов определило достаточно высокие абсолютные показатели В-клеток в этих возрастных группах. Предложенные нормы валидированы на независимой группе 75 детей возраста от 2 до 18 лет. Индивидуальные показатели детей группы валидации вышли за границы нормы в 4 случаях (5,3% при допустимом уровне расхождений до 10%), что позволяет считать нормы валидированными. Наиболее дискуссионные результаты об относительно высоком абсолютном уровне В-лимфоцитов у детей раннего возраста хорошо согласуются с пулированными данными мета-анализа мировой литературы. Предлагаемые нормы оформлены в виде, удобном для практического использования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The age-related dynamics of main subsets of blood lymphocytes in children has been studied quite well, but the issue of the limits of reference values, especially at an early age, remains actual and important. The paper analyzes results of a direct study dataset of 624 blood samples of healthy children aged 1 week to 17 years and 11 months, residents of Moscow and the central Russian regions who underwent a clinical blood count during routine checkups. The main criterion for the complete inclusion of a child into the study was reliable information about the absence of acute and chronic health disorders. The absolute number of lymphocytes was determined as a complex of indices obtained of automated blood analysis, using 5 Diff technology of flow hemocytometry with fluorescent staining of nucleic acids. The percentage and absolute values of T lymphocytes, T helper cells, T cytotoxic cells, the ratio of helper/cytotoxic lymphocytes, as well as percentages and absolute numbers of B lymphocytes and natural killers were determined in residual blood samples by flow cytometry with 3-4 color staining. 14 age groups were formed with the number of cases from 40 to 64 in each group. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov method confirmed the normal distribution of the obtained numerical indicators, both in the general group and in all distinct age groups. The article provides detailed results of processing the data obtained using nonparametric (median, interquartile range, range from 10 to 90 centiles) and parametric (mean and standard deviation) statistics methods. Based on an estimate of the range of 10-90 centiles, the normal limits for the percentages and absolute values of the main lymphocyte subpopulations were calculated. We have been confirmed the well-known trend for a gradual decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes and absolute values for all major subpopulations, as well as relatively higher indices of helper/cytotoxic ratio in early age groups. A higher percentage of B lymphocytes was detected in children in the age groups from 2 months to 2 years, which, together with a high total number of lymphocytes, determined fairly high absolute B cell counts in these age groups. The proposed normal ranges were validated on an independent group of 75 children aged 2 to 18 years. The individual indexes of the children in the validation group exceeded the reference values in 4 cases (5.3%, with acceptable level of discrepancies &lt; 10%), which allows us to consider the norms validated. The most debatable findings concern a relatively high absolute level of В lymphocytes in young children which is, however, in good agreement with the pooled data of the world-wide meta-analysis data. The proposed normal ranges are designed in a form that is convenient for practical use.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты крови</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>нормальные показатели</kwd><kwd>Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>В-лимфоциты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>blood lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes subpopulations</kwd><kwd>normal indexes</kwd><kwd>T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>B lymphocytes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маянский Н.А., Балабанов А.С., Копыльцова Е.А., Лукоянова О.Л., Мельничук О.С., Блинова Т.А., Семикина Е.Л. Референсные интервалы лейкоцитов и тромбоцитов у детей, полученные с помощью автоматического гематологического анализатора // Вопросы диагностики в педиатрии, 2011. Т. 3, № 6. 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