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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-DAV-3188</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3188</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка и валидация методики определения нейтрализующих антител к пембролизумабу в сыворотке крови человека на основе ингибирования связывания пембролизумаба с его мишенью PD-1 методом ИФА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development and validation of an ELISA-based method for determining neutralizing antibodies to pembrolizumab in human serum based on inhibition of the drug binding to its PD-1 target</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-5476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской биотехнологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2238250@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-8000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенкин</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenkin</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н., заведующий лабораторией исследований биотехнологических препаратов </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Pharmacy), Head, Laboratory for Research of Biotechnological Drugs</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrii.grebenkin@exactelabs.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7721-5059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., директор медицинского департамента </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Director, Medical Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samsonov@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-7429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филон</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filon</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор департамента доклинической и клинической разработки </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director, Department of Preclinical and Clinical Development</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-9937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разживина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razzhivina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., руководитель отдела клинических исследований </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head, Clinical Research Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4909-598X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернобровкин</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernobrovkin</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., заведующий лабораторией </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Head of the Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikeoch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-2945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., заведующая лабораторией медицинской биотехнологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Head, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Экзактэ Лабс»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Exakte Labs LLC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">АО «Р-Фарм»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">R-Pharm JSC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Рисерч лаб»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Lab LLC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1423</fpage><lpage>1434</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудряшова А.М., Гребенкин Д.Ю., Самсонов М.Ю., Филон О.В., Разживина В.А., Чернобровкин М.Г., Борисова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудряшова А.М., Гребенкин Д.Ю., Самсонов М.Ю., Филон О.В., Разживина В.А., Чернобровкин М.Г., Борисова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryashova A.M., Grebenkin D.Y., Samsonov M.Y., Filon O.V., Razzhivina V.A., Chernobrovkin M.G., Borisova O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3188">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3188</self-uri><abstract><p>Гуманизированные моноклональные антитела могут вызывать нежелательный гуморальный иммунный ответ у пациентов – образование антител к терапевтическому белковому препарату. Нейтрализующие антилекарственные антитела являются одним из основных факторов, влияющих на безопасность и эффективность проводимой терапии. При невозможности использовать тесты для определения нейтрализующих антител на основе клеточных культур альтернативой могут служить методы конкурентного связывания лекарственного средства и его лиганда. Пембролизумаб относится к противоопухолевым препаратам широкого спектра и представляет собой гуманизированное IgG4 каппа-антитело к рецептору запрограммированной клеточной смерти-1 (PD-1), которое блокирует взаимодействие рецептора с его лигандами PD-L1 и PD-L2. В связи со сложностью проведения анализа применение культурального клеточного теста для пембролизумаба невозможно, так как высок риск получения недостоверных результатов. Цель – разработка и валидация методики определения нейтрализующих антител к пембролизумабу в сыворотке крови человека на основе ингибирования связывания пембролизумаба с его мишенью PD-1. В исследовании был использован экспериментальный препарат пембролизумаб RPH-075 (АО «Р-Фарм», Россия). В качестве положительного контрольного образца на нейтрализующие антитела использовали Anti-Pembrolizumab антитела KRIBIOLISATM Anti-Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA ® ) ELISA, Индия). Определение антител проводили методом ИФА с применением кислотной диссоциации иммунного комплекса и с использованием техники ACE (Affinity capture elution). Была разработана и валидирована методика выявления нейтрализующих антител к пембролизумабу, основанная на ингибировании пембролизумаба с его мишенью PD-1 в сочетании с техникой ACE. Разработанная методика была валидирована по показателям: селективность, чувствительность, специфичность, «хук»-эффект, толерантность к присутствию лекарственного препарата, прецизионность. Благодаря применению подходов предварительной обработки образцов (кислотная диссоциация, техника ACE) для анализа нейтрализующих антител, была достигнута чувствительность 100 нг/мл в присутствии циркулирующего пембролизумаба 40 мкг/мл. Также в данной работе был обоснован метод расчета предела исключения, чувствительности и селективности на основании ROC-анализа и плавающего предела исключения (PSCP) через средние арифметические значения оптической плотности NC и LPC в каждом индивидуальном аналитическом планшете. Разработанная методика определения нейтрализующих антител к пембролизумабу может быть использована для оценки нежелательной иммуногенности препарата пембролизумаба на стадии клинических испытаний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are potentially able to trigger undesired humoral immune responses in the patients and develop ADA (anti-drug antibody) to the protein drugs. Neutralizing anti-drug antibodies are among the main factors affecting safety and effectiveness of the therapy. If it is impossible to apply cell-based tests to determine neutralizing antibodies, competitive ligand binding assay may be used as an alternative. Pembrolizumab (Pembro) is a broad-spectrum antitumor drug, being a humanized IgG4 kappa antibody to the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) that blocks interaction of this receptor with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Due to some technical issues, cell culture test is not feasible for Pembro, due to high risk of obtaining unreliable results. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a method for detection of neutralizing antibodies to Pembro in human serum based on inhibition of pembrolizumab binding to its PD-1 target. The experimental drug pembrolizumab RPH-075 (R-Pharm) was used in the study. Anti-Pembrolizumab antibodies KRIBIOLISATM Anti-Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA®) ELISA, India) were used as a positive control sample for neutralizing antibodies. Determination of antibodies was carried out by ELISA technique using acid dissociation of the immune complex and the Affinity capture elution (ACE) technique. The ELISA method was validated by the following characteristics: selectivity, sensitivity, specificity, “hook” effect, drug tolerance, precision. Due to the use of sample pretreatment approaches (ACE technique) for analysis of neutralizing antibodies, a sensitivity level of 100 ng/mL was achieved in the presence of pembrolizumab at 40 μg/mL. In this paper, a method was substantiated by calculating the cutoff point, sensitivity, and selectivity based on ROC analysis and floating exclusion limit (PSCP) through the average values of optical density NC and LPC in each individual analytical cycle. The developed method for determining neutralizing antibodies to pembrolizumab may be used to assess the undesirable immunogenicity of pembrolizumab at the stage of clinical trials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ИФА</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>нейтрализующие антитела</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>лекарственная толерантность</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ELISA</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>neutralizing antibodies</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>clinical trials</kwd><kwd>drug tolerance</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решение Совета ЕЭК от 03.11.2016 № 89 «Об утверждении Правил проведения исследований биологических лекарственных средств Евразийского экономического союза» [Электронный ресурс]. 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