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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-AOI-3163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка иммунологических параметров в индуцированной мокроте у детей с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of immunological parameters in induced sputum in children with severe bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-808X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туровская</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turovskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туровская Алина Андреевна – ассистент кафедры аллергологии и иммунологии с курсом дерматовенерологии и косметологии </p><p>440060, г. Пенза, ул. Стасова, 8a </p><p>Тел.: 8 (963) 111-58-22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina A. Turovskaya, Assistant Professor, Department of Allergology and Immunology with a Course of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology </p><p>8a Stasov St Penza 440060 </p><p>Phone: +7 (963) 111-58-22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alinaziboreva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-8040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры аллергологии и иммунологии с курсом дерматовенерологии и косметологии </p><p> г. Пенза </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Allergology and Immunology with a Course of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elmihkostina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-6598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левашова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levashova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н., доцент кафедры медицинской микробиологии и лабораторной медицины, начальник лаборатории молекулярной и персонализированной медицины </p><p> г. Пенза </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Сan. of Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of the department of Medical Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular and Personalized Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.lewashowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-2815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молотилов</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molotilov</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор кафедры аллергологии и иммунологии с курсом дерматовенерологии и косметологии </p><p> г. Пенза </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doc. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Allergology and Immunology with a course of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borismolotilov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-2018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой аллергологии и иммунологии с курсом дерматовенерологии и косметологии </p><p> г. Пенза </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doc. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Allergology and Immunology with a course of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lisaorl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5673-9195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушина</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushina</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., доцент кафедры пульмонологии и фтизиатрии </p><p> г. Пенза </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trushina.lena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-7006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Специалист по клиническим исследованиям</p><p> г. Пенза   </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Research Specialist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stash-line@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Пензенский институт усовершенствования врачей – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Penza Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education, a branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница № 4»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 4<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>589</fpage><lpage>602</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Туровская А.А., Костина Е.М., Левашова О.А., Молотилов Б.А., Орлова Е.А., Трушина Е.Ю., Соколов С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Туровская А.А., Костина Е.М., Левашова О.А., Молотилов Б.А., Орлова Е.А., Трушина Е.Ю., Соколов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Turovskaya A.A., Kostina E.M., Levashova O.A., Molotilov B.A., Orlova E.A., Trushina E.Y., Sokolov S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3163">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3163</self-uri><abstract><p>Тяжелая бронхиальная астма у детей – актуальная проблема современности, в связи с высоким риском тяжелых и/или частых обострений, снижением качества жизни пациентов и их семьи, а также существенными расходами социально-экономических и медицинских ресурсов. Персонализированная медицина диктует необходимость поиска специфических объективных показателей тяжести бронхиальной астмы у детей. Биомаркеры, характеризующие воспалительный процесс, могут служить индикаторами степени тяжести бронхиальной астмы. Цель исследования – изучить уровни продукции сурфактантного белка А (SpA), белка клеток Клара (БКК), интерлейкина-4 (IL-4), интерлейкина-6 (IL-6) и трансформирующего фактора роста β1 (TGF-β1) в индуцированной мокроте у детей с бронхиальной астмой тяжелой степени тяжести. В исследовании приняли участие 70 детей. Больные были разделены на группы: 1-я группа – бронхиальная астма тяжелой степени тяжести (n = 24), 2-я группа сравнения – бронхиальная астма легкой степень тяжести (n = 26). Контрольную группу составили 20 здоровых детей – 3-я группа. Сбор индуцированной мокроты выполняли по стандартной методике. Концентрацию пневмопротеинов и цитокинов определяли в индуцированной мокроте методом иммуноферментного анализа. В группе пациентов с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой выявлено статистически достоверное повышение концентрации SpA, БКК, IL-6 и TGF-β1 в индуцированной мокроте, но достоверно значимое снижение уровня IL-4 в сравнении с группами сравнения и контроля (критерий Краскела–Уоллиса, р &lt; 0,05). Обнаружены сильные положительные корреляционные связи показателей со степенью тяжести бронхиальной астмы: SpA (коэффициент Спирмена, r = 0,893814, p &lt; 0,05), IL-6 (r = 0,827230, p &lt; 0,05) и TGF-β1 (r = 0,886062, p &lt; 0,05). Выявлены умеренные прямые корреляционные связи между продукцией SpA и IL-6 (r = 0,717138, p &lt; 0,05), между уровнем SpA и TGF-β1 (r = 0,850716, p &lt; 0,05), а также между концентрацией IL-6 и TGF-β1 (r = 0,707546, p &lt; 0,05). Изученные пневмопротеины и цитокины отражают выраженность воспалительного процесса респираторного тракта у детей с бронхиальной астмой. Полученные данные продукции цитокинов IL-4 и IL-6 в группе тяжелой бронхиальной астмы демонстрируют участие других видов иммунного ответа в рамках аллергического воспаления. Обнаруженные корреляционные связи указывают на совместное действие SpA и цитокинов в рамках аллергического воспаления и его интенсивность. Исследованные иммунологические параметры могут служить биомаркерами тяжести бронхиальной астмы у детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Severe bronchial asthma in children is an actual current problem, due to high risk of severe and/ or frequent exacerbations, decreased quality of life in patients and their families, as well as significant costs of socio-economic and medical resources. Personalized medicine suggests the need to search for specific objective indexes of the bronchial asthma severity in children. Biomarkers characterizing the inflammatory process may serve as indexes of the bronchial asthma severity. Aim of the study was to examine the amounts of surfactant protein A (SpA), Clara cell protein (CCP), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in induced sputum in children with severe bronchial asthma. 70 children took part in the study. The patients were grouped as follows: group 1, severe bronchial asthma (n = 24); comparison group 2 with mild bronchial asthma (n = 26). The control group 3 consisted of 20 healthy children. IS collection was performed according to standard methods. The concentrations of pneumoproteins and cytokines were determined in the induced sputum using ELISA techniques. In the group of patients with severe bronchial asthma, a statistically significant increase of SpA, CCP, IL-6 and TGF-β1 concentrations in induced sputum and a significant decrease of IL-4 levels was detected, when compared with mild asthma group and healthy persons (Kruskal-Wallis test, p &lt; 0.05). Strongly positive correlations have been found between bronchial asthma severity and sputum proteins: for SpA (Spearman quotient r = 0.893814, p &lt; 0.05); IL-6 (r = 0.827230, p &lt; 0.05), and TGF-β1 (r = 0.886062, p &lt; 0.05). The contents of studied pneumoproteins and cytokines reflect the severity of respiratory inflammatory process in children with bronchial asthma. The data on the IL-4 and IL-6 cytokine production in the group with severe bronchial asthma demonstrate involvement of other immune response types into allergic inflammation. The studied immunological parameters can serve as biomarkers of the asthma severity in children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сурфактантный белок А</kwd><kwd>белок клеток Клара</kwd><kwd>пневмопротеины</kwd><kwd>IL-4</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>TGF-β1</kwd><kwd>индуцированная мокрота</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>surfactant protein A</kwd><kwd>Clara cell protein</kwd><kwd>pneumoproteins</kwd><kwd>IL-4</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>TGD-β1</kwd><kwd>induced sputum</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барановская Т.В., Белевский А.С., Восканян А.Г., Гаджиев К.М., Давлеталиева Н.Э., Емельянов А.В., Курбачева О.М., Княжеская Н.П., Мукатова И.Ю., Ненашева Н.М. Тяжелая бронхиальная астма-2018. 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