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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-SAP-3157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение адъювантных свойств клеточно-проникающих катионных дендримерных пептидов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studying adjuvant properties of cell-penetrating cationic dendrimeric peptides</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатилов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatilov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шатилов А.А. – научный сотрудник лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shatilov A.A., Researcher, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатилова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatilova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шатилова А.В. – научный сотрудник лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shatilova A.V., Researcher, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асанбаева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asanbaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асанбаева А.А. – лаборант лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов; аспирант </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asanbaeva A.A., Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens; PhD student </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopylova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копылова А.Д. – лаборант лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kopylova A.D., Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черченко</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherchenko</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черченко Н.Г. – к.б.н., технолог лаборатории моделирования иммунологических процессов </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cherchenko N.G., PhD (Biology), Technologist, Laboratory of Modeling of Immunological Processes </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миславский</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mislavskii</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миславский О.В. – к.фарм.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакологии и фармацевтической разработки </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mislavskii O.V., PhD (Pharmacy), Senior Researcher, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреев С.М. – к.х.н., заведующий лабораторией пептидных иммуногенов </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andreev S.M., PhD, (Chemistry), Head, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов В.В. – д.фарм.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией фармакологии и фармацевтической разработки; профессор кафедры фармацевтической и токсикологической химии им. А.П. Арзамасцева Института фармации имени А.П. Нелюбина </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smirnov V.V., PhD, MD (Pharmacy), Associate Professor, Head, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory; Professor, A. Arzamastsev, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, A. Neliubin Institute of Pharmacy </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаитов М.Р. – д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии медико-биологического факультета </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khaitov M.R., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director; Head, Department of Immunology </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Highway Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии” Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии” Федерального медико-биологического агентства»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency;&#13;
I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии” Федерального медико-биологического агентства»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1033</fpage><lpage>1042</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шатилов А.А., Шатилова А.В., Асанбаева А.А., Копылова А.Д., Черченко Н.Г., Миславский О.В., Андреев С.М., Смирнов В.В., Хаитов М.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шатилов А.А., Шатилова А.В., Асанбаева А.А., Копылова А.Д., Черченко Н.Г., Миславский О.В., Андреев С.М., Смирнов В.В., Хаитов М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shatilov A.A., Shatilova A.V., Asanbaeva A.A., Kopylova A.D., Cherchenko N.G., Mislavskii O.V., Andreev S.M., Smirnov V.V., Khaitov M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3157">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3157</self-uri><abstract><p>Адъюванты являются важными компонентами вакцинных препаратов, в том числе аллерговакцин, позволяющими повысить их эффективность и безопасность. В настоящее время интерес мирового научного сообщества вызывает подход, основанный на включение адъюванта в состав молекулы иммуногена. Такие ковалентные адъюванты могут быть представлены веществами разных химических классов и, в частности, пептидами. Пептиды обладают такими преимуществами перед веществами других классов, как высокая эффективность и биодеградация, при этом дендримерные катионные пептиды зачастую способны к усиленной по сравнению с линейными пептидами транспортной способностью. В рамках данной работы была изучена способность усиливать индукцию IgG двух катионных дендримерных клеточно-проникающих пептидов с показанной ранее трансмембранной активностью: LTP и SA-40. Пептиды были получены твердофазным синтезом, охарактеризованы методами масс-спектрометрии и зонного капиллярного электрофореза. Для изучения адъювантной активности пептиды были конъюгированы с рекомбинантным протеином Bet v 1, представляющим собой мажорный аллерген пыльцы березы, полученным биотехнологически с использованием продуцента E. coli и очищенным хелатной хроматографией. Конъюгация проводилась по реакции Михаэля после модификации протеина малеимидной функцией. Очистка конъюгатов производилась гелевой хроматографией и диализом, эффективность конъюгации оценивалась электрофорезом в полиакриламидном геле. Конъюгаты и чистый rBet v 1 использовались для иммунизации лабораторных мышей BALB/c для сравнения уровней IgG к rBet v 1 после четырех инъекций без использования иных адъювантов. Сыворотки крови мышей изучались иммуноферментным анализом на уровне IgG против rBet v 1, что было целевым показателем, а также против самих конъюгатов и свободных пептидов LTP и SA-40. Установлено, что оба конъюгата ощутимо повышали уровень IgG к исходному протеину, при этом один из них, LTP-rBet v 1, также вызывал реактивность сыворотки как к самому себе, так и к свободному пептиду LTP. Повышение уровня IgG к rBet v 1 в случае LTP-rBet v 1 было приблизетльно четырехкратным, в случае SA-40-rBet v 1 – трехкратным. По результатам исследования сделаны выводы о наличии у исследуемых пептидов адъювантной активности, о возможных причинах наблюдаемых явлений и о перспективности дальнейших работ в данном направлении, при этом мы считаем, что структуры пептидов LTP и SA-40 могут быть впоследствии использованы в качестве референтных при разработке новых пептидных адъювантов, и в качестве ковалентного адъюванта может быть использован сам SA-40. В свою очередь, LTP, вероятно, может иметь перспективы использования также в качестве нековалентного адъюванта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The adjuvant agents represent important components of vaccines, including medications for specific immunotherapy, which improve their efficacy and safety. Current scope of vaccines development includes approaches based on inclusion of adjuvant into the immunogenic molecule. Such covalent adjuvants vary greatly in chemical structure, and are found among particular peptides. Peptides have distinct advantages over substances of other chemical classes, e.g., high efficiency and biodegradability, whereas dendrimeric cationic peptides are often capable of enhanced translocation ability when compared to linear peptides. In this work, the ability to enhance IgG induction was studied for two cationic dendrimeric cell-penetrating peptides with previously reported transmembrane activity, i.e., LTP and SA-40. The peptides were obtained by solidphase synthesis and characterized by mass-spectrometry and zone capillary electrophoresis. To study adjuvant activity, the peptides were conjugated with recombinant protein Bet v 1, a major birch pollen allergen, produced as biotechnology product, using E. coli. Chemical conjugation was carried out with Michael reaction after maleimide functionalization of the protein. The conjugates were purified by gel chromatography and dialysis, followed by estimation of conjugation efficiency with SDS-PAGE. Conjugates and pure rBet v 1 were used to immunize BALB/c mice to compare IgG levels to rBet v 1 after 4 injections without using other adjuvants. Mouse blood sera were studied with ELISA for IgG levels against rBet v 1, being the target criterion of the study, as well as against the conjugates and free LTP and SA-40. It was found that both conjugates significantly increased the IgG level to the initial protein, while one of them, LTP-rBet v 1, also induced serum reactivity both to itself and to free LTP. The increase in IgG level to rBet v 1 was approximately four-fold in the case of LTP-rBet v 1, and three-fold with SA-40-rBet v 1. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that both LTP and SA-40 possess adjuvant activity. We believe that LTP and SA-40 structures can be used as reference agents in development of new peptide adjuvants, and SA-40 itself may be used as a covalent adjuvant. Moreover, LTP may be considered a prospective non-covalent adjuvant.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катионные дендримерные пептиды</kwd><kwd>конъюгаты пептидов</kwd><kwd>пептидные адъюванты</kwd><kwd>аллергены</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантные белки</kwd><kwd>Bet v 1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cationic dendrimer peptides</kwd><kwd>peptide conjugates</kwd><kwd>peptide adjuvants</kwd><kwd>allergens</kwd><kwd>recombinant proteins</kwd><kwd>Bet v 1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках задания ФМБА России «Адъювант-24».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожихова К.В., Андреев С.М., Успенская Д.В., Шатилова А.В., Турецкий Е.А., Шатилов А.А., Лушникова А.А., Вишнякова Л.И., Шиловский И.П., Смирнов В.В., Кудлай Д.А., Хаитов М.Р. 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