<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-LMA-16773</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболизм лимфоцитов и уровень циркулирующих цитокинов у детей с аутоиммунными заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lymphocyte metabolism and the level of circulatory cytokines in children with autoimmune disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыгина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radygina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радыгина Татьяна Вячеславовна – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр., 2, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: 8 (499) 134-13-98</p><p>Факс: 8 (499) 134-70-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Radygina - PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>2 Lomonosovskiy Ave, Bldg 1 Moscow 119991</p><p>Phone: +7 (499) 134-13-98</p><p>Fax: +7 (499) 134-70-01</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radigina.tv@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., старший научный сотрудник, и. о. заведующего лабораторией экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Head, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купцова</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuptsova</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петричук</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrichuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н, профессор, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мовсисян</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Movsisyan</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории редких наследственных болезней, врач-гастроэнтеролог гастроэнтерологического отделения с гепатологической группой.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Rare Hereditary Diseases, Gastroenterologist of the Gastroenterology Department with the Hepatological Group, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaeva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории редких наследственных болезней у детей Медико-генетического центра, врач-невролог отделения психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации Центра детской психоневрологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Rare Hereditary Diseases in Children of the Medical Genetic Center, Neurologist of the Department of the Psychoneurology and Neurorehabilitation, Pediatric Center of psychoneurology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории научных основ детской гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии, начальник центра воспалительных заболеваний кишечника, заведующий гастроэнтерологическим отделением с гепатологической группой ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» МЗ РФ; профессор кафедры педиатрии и детской ревматологии ФГАОУ ВО «ПМГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» МЗ РФ (Сеченовский университет).</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Scientific Foundations of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Head of the Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children, Head of Gastroenterology Department with Hepatology Group, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology, I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашкин</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashkin</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, руководитель НИИ детской дерматологии, заведующий отделением дерматологии и аллергологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» МЗ РФ; профессор кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии ФГБУ ДПО «ЦГМА» Управления делами Президента РФ; профессор кафедры педиатрии и детской ревматологии ФГАОУ ВО «ПМГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» МЗ РФ (Сеченовский университет).</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Research Institute of Pediatrics Dermatology, Head of Department of Dermatology and Allergology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs; Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology, I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парахина</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parakhina</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-педиатр гастроэнтерологического отделения.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatrician, Gastroenterology Department, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs; I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1017</fpage><lpage>1024</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Радыгина Т.В., Курбатова О.В., Купцова Д.Г., Петричук С.В., Фисенко А.П., Мовсисян Г.Б., Абдуллаева Л.М., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Парахина Д.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Радыгина Т.В., Курбатова О.В., Купцова Д.Г., Петричук С.В., Фисенко А.П., Мовсисян Г.Б., Абдуллаева Л.М., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Парахина Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radygina T.V., Kurbatova O.V., Kuptsova D.G., Petrichuk S.V., Fisenko A.P., Movsisyan G.B., Abdullaeva L.M., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Parakhina D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3115">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3115</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние десятилетия отмечен рост заболеваемостью аутоиммунными заболеваниями (АИЗ) среди взрослых и детей. В основе иммунопатогенеза АИЗ лежит дисбаланс между аутоагрессивными и регуляторными клетками (Treg), который регулируется метаболическими сигнальными путями и цитокиновым микроокружением. Понимание механизмов иммунометаболизма открывает новые возможности терапии пациентов с АИЗ. Цель – оценить активность дегидрогеназ лимфоцитов, сопряженных с OXPHOS и гликолизом в зависимости от уровня провоспалительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов у детей с АИЗ.</p><p>Обследовано 324 ребенка с АИЗ: 80 – болезнь Крона (БК), 53 – язвенный колит (ЯК), 89 – псориаз (ПС), 66 – рассеянный склероз (РС), 36 – аутоиммунный гепатит (АИГ). Активность митохондриальных дегидрогеназ (сукцинатдегидрогеназы (СДГ) и глицерол-3-фосфатдегидрогеназы (ГФДГ)) оценивали иммуноцитохимическим методом с использованием проточной цитометрии. Уровень цитокинов (ЦК) в сыворотках крови определяли мультиплексным анализом.</p><p>В каждой исследованной группе детей выявлены ЦК с наибольшими значениями в обострении и в ремиссии заболевания. Максимальные значения ЦК были у пациентов в обострении: для БК, ЯК, ПС, РС–IL-23;АИГ–IL-27.Оценка комплексов цитокинов, ассоциированных с клетками показала достоверные отличия между пациентами в обострении / ремиссии: БК, ЯК и ПС – M1(IL-1+IL-6+TNFα), cTh1 (IFNγ+IL-12p70+TNFβ+IL-2), cTh2 (IL-4+IL-5+IL-10+IL-13+IL-17E/IL-25+IL-33), cTh17 (IL-1β+IL-6+IL-17A+IL-17F+IL-21+IL-22+IL-23); РС – M1, cTh1, cTh2; АИГ – cTh2. Активность СДГ в ремиссии АИЗ отличалась между патологиями в CD4+ клетках, Th17 и Treg. В обострении АИЗ отличия были в Treg между пациентами с ЯК и ПС. Наибольшая активность ГФДГ в обострении наблюдалась у БК в CD4+ лимфоцитах, Th17 и Treg. Соотношение СДГ/ГФДГ в Т-лимфоцитах у детей с БК в обострении и ремиссии было наименьшим и достоверно ниже, чем при ЯК, ПС, РС, АИГ и условно здоровых детей. В группе детей с низким соотношение СДГ/ГФДГ были достоверно увеличены уровни CCL20/MIP3a, IFNγ, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-1β, TNFα.</p><p>Выявлены информативные цитокиновые комплексы у детей с АИЗ различной этиологии. Показана взаимосвязь метаболической активности лимфоцитов и уровня циркулирующих цитокинов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AID) among adults and children. The immunopathogenesis of AID is based on an imbalance between autoaggressive and regulatory cells (Tregs), which is regulated by metabolic signaling pathways and the cytokine microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms of immunometabolism opens up new possibilities for the treatment of patients with AID. The aim was to evaluate the activity of lymphocyte dehydrogenases associated with OXPHOS and glycolysis, depending on the level of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with AID.</p><p>324 children with AID were examined: 80 – Crohn’s disease (CD), 53 – ulcerative colitis (UC), 89 – psoriasis (PS), 66 – multiple sclerosis (MS), 36 – autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases (succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GFDH)) were evaluated by immunocytochemical method using flow cytometry. The level of cytokines (CС) in blood sera was determined by multiplex analysis.</p><p>In each studied group of children, CС with the highest values in exacerbation and remission of the disease were identified. The maximum values of CС were in patients with exacerbation: CD, UC, PS, MS – IL-23; AIH – IL-27. Evaluation of cytokine complexes associated with cells showed significant differences between patients in exacerbation/remission: CD, UC and PS – M1(IL-1+IL-6+TNFα), cTh1(IFNγ+IL-12p70+TNFβ+IL-2), cTh2 (IL-4+IL-5+IL-10+IL-13+IL-17E/IL-25+IL-33), cTh17 (IL-1β+IL-6+IL-17A+IL-17F+IL-21+IL-22+IL-23); MS – M1, cTh1, cTh2; AIH – cTh2. SDH activity in AID remission differed between pathologies in CD4+ cells, Th17 and Tregs. In exacerbation of AID, there were differences in Tregs between patients with UC and PS. The highest GPDH activity in exacerbation was observed in CD4+ lymphocytes, Th17 and Tregs in CD. The ratio of SDH/GPDH in T-lymphocytes in children with CD in exacerbation and remission was lowest and significantly lower than in UC, PS, MS, AIH and apparently healthy children. In the group of children with a low SDH/GPDH ratio, the levels of CCL20/MIP3α, IFNγ, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNFα were significantly increased. Conclusions. Informative cytokine complexes were identified in children with AID. The relationship between the metabolic activity of lymphocytes and the level of circulating cytokines is shown.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дегидрогеназы</kwd><kwd>Th17-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>Treg</kwd><kwd>гликолиз</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>псориаз</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный гепатит</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dehydrogenases</kwd><kwd>Th17 lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>Tregs</kwd><kwd>glycolysis</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>psoriasis</kwd><kwd>autoimmune hepatitis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Купцова Д.Г., Радыгина Т.В., Мурашкин Н.Н., Фрейдлин Е.В., Курбатова О.В., Петричук С.В. Особенности содержания цитокинов и хемокинов в сыворотке крови у детей с вульгарным псориазом // Цитокины и воспаление, 2023. Т. 20, № 1. C. 18-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuptsova D.G., Radygina T.V., Murashkin N.N., Freidlin E.V., Kurbatova O.V., Petrichuk S.V. Peculiarities of cytokine and chemokine content in blood serum of children with psoriasis vulgaris. Tsitokiny i vospaleniye = Cytokines and Inflammation, 2023, Vol. 20. no. 1, pp. 18-24. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курбатова О.В., Радыгина Т.В., Купцова Д.Г., Петричук С.В., Мовсисян Г.Б., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Абдуллаева Л.М., Фисенко А.П. Координация сигнального пути NF-κB и метаболизма лимфоцитов у детей с аутоиммунными заболеваниями // Российский иммунологический журнал, 2023. Т. 26, № 4. C. 491-500. doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-13800-COT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbatova O.V., Radygina T.V., Kuptsova D.G., Petrichuk S.V., Movsisyan G.B., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Abdullaeva L.M., Fisenko A.P. Coordination of the NF-κB signaling pathway and lymphocyte metabolism in children with autoimmune diseases. Rossiyskiy immunologicheskiy zhurnal = Russian Journal of Immunology, 2023, Vol. 26. no. 4, pp. 491-500. (In Russ.) doi: 10.46235/1028-7221-13800-COT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радыгина Т.В., Фисенко А.П., Петричук С.В., Купцова Д.Г., Курбатова О.В., Фрейдлин Е.В., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Бурсагова Б.И., Абдуллаева Л.М., Семикина Е.Л. Изменения цитокиновых комплексов у детей с аутоиммунными заболеваниями при разной эффективности их биологической терапии // Российский педиатрический журнал, 2023. Т. 26, № 6. С. 390-398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radygina T.V., Fisenko A.P., Petrichuk S.V., Kuptsova D.G., Kurbatova O.V., Freydlin E.V., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Bursagova B.I., Abdullaeva L.M., Semikina E.L. Changes in cytokine complexes in children with autoimmune diseases with different effectiveness of their biological therapy. Rossiyskiy pediatricheskiy zhurnal = Russian Pediatric Journal, 2023, Vol. 26. no. 6, pp. 390-398. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bujak R., Struck-Lewicka W., Markuszewski MJ, Kaliszan R. Metabolomics for laboratory diagnostics. J. Pharm Biomed. Anal., 2015, Vol. 113, pp. 108-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bujak R., Struck-Lewicka W., Markuszewski MJ, Kaliszan R. Metabolomics for laboratory diagnostics. J. Pharm Biomed. Anal., 2015, Vol. 113, pp. 108-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chetaille Nézondet A.L., Poubelle P.E., Pelletier M. The evaluation of cytokines to help establish diagnosis and guide treatment of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020, Vol. 108. no. 2. pp. 647-657.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chetaille Nézondet A.L., Poubelle P.E., Pelletier M. The evaluation of cytokines to help establish diagnosis and guide treatment of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020, Vol. 108. no. 2. pp. 647-657.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conrad N., Misra S, Verbakel J.Y., Verbeke G., Molenberghs G.., Taylor P.N., Mason J., Sattar N., McMurray J.J.V., McInnes I.B., Khunti K., Cambridge G. Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK. Lancet, 2023, Vol. 401, no. 10391, pp. 1878-1890.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conrad N., Misra S, Verbakel J.Y., Verbeke G., Molenberghs G.., Taylor P.N., Mason J., Sattar N., McMurray J.J.V., McInnes I.B., Khunti K., Cambridge G. Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK. Lancet, 2023, Vol. 401, no. 10391, pp. 1878-1890.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamaidi I., Kim S. Sirtuins are crucial regulators of T cell metabolism and functions. Exp. Mol. Med., 2022, Vol. 54, pp. 207-215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamaidi I., Kim S. Sirtuins are crucial regulators of T cell metabolism and functions. Exp. Mol. Med., 2022, Vol. 54, pp. 207-215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelly B., O’Neill L.A.J. Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and dendritic cells in innate immunity. Cell Res., 2015, Vol. 25., pp. 771-784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelly B., O’Neill L.A.J. Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and dendritic cells in innate immunity. Cell Res., 2015, Vol. 25., pp. 771-784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kosmaczewska A. Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy: A driver of an imbalance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2014, Vol.15., pp. 18574-18592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosmaczewska A. Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy: A driver of an imbalance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2014, Vol.15., pp. 18574-18592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin Y., Xue K., Li Q., Liu Z., Zhu Z., Chen J., Dang E., Wang L., Zhang W., Wang G., Li B. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7 Promotes Th17/Th1 Cell Differentiation in Psoriasis by Modulating Glycolytic Metabolism. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2021, Vol. 141, no. 11, pp.2656-2667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin Y., Xue K., Li Q., Liu Z., Zhu Z., Chen J., Dang E., Wang L., Zhang W., Wang G., Li B. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7 Promotes Th17/Th1 Cell Differentiation in Psoriasis by Modulating Glycolytic Metabolism. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2021, Vol. 141, no. 11, pp.2656-2667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S., Liao S., Liang L., Deng J., Zhou Y.. The relationship between CD4+ T cell glycolysis and their functions. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 2023, Vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 345-360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S., Liao S., Liang L., Deng J., Zhou Y.. The relationship between CD4+ T cell glycolysis and their functions. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 2023, Vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 345-360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross S.H., Cantrell D.A. Signaling and function of interleukin-2 in T lymphocytes. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2018, Vol. 36, pp. 411-433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross S.H., Cantrell D.A. Signaling and function of interleukin-2 in T lymphocytes. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2018, Vol. 36, pp. 411-433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu B., Wan Y. Molecular Control of Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2020, Vol. 80, 106187. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu B., Wan Y. Molecular Control of Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2020, Vol. 80, 106187. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S., Gang X., Yang S., Cui M., Sun L., Li Z., Wang G. The Alterations in and the Role of the Th17/Treg Balance in Metabolic Diseases. Front. Immunol., 2021, Vol. 12, 678355. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S., Gang X., Yang S., Cui M., Sun L., Li Z., Wang G. The Alterations in and the Role of the Th17/Treg Balance in Metabolic Diseases. Front. Immunol., 2021, Vol. 12, 678355. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou L., Lopes J.E., Chong M.M., Ivanov I.I., Min R., Victora G.D., Shen Y., Du J., Rubtsov Y.P., Rudensky A.Y., Ziegler S.F. Littman D.R. TGF-Beta-Induced Foxp3 Inhibits T(H)17 Cell Differentiation by Antagonizing RORgammat Function. Nature, 2008, Vol. 453, no. 7192, pp. 236-240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou L., Lopes J.E., Chong M.M., Ivanov I.I., Min R., Victora G.D., Shen Y., Du J., Rubtsov Y.P., Rudensky A.Y., Ziegler S.F. Littman D.R. TGF-Beta-Induced Foxp3 Inhibits T(H)17 Cell Differentiation by Antagonizing RORgammat Function. Nature, 2008, Vol. 453, no. 7192, pp. 236-240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
