<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ITO-16792</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушения толерантности моноцитов-макрофагов к липополисахариду у пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impaired tolerance of monocyte-macrophages to lipopolysaccharide in patients with coronary atherosclerosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чегодаев</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chegodaev</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чегодаев Егор Сергеевич – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории ангиопатологии ФГБНУ «НИИОПП»; аспирант ФГБУН «ИМБ им. В.А. Энгельгардта» РАН.</p><p>125315, Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8</p><p>Тел.: 8 (926) 350-81-54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Chegodaev - Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Postgraduate Student, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>8 Baltiyskaya St Moscow 125315</p><p>Phone: +7 (926) 350-81-54</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egozavr-ch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н., заведующий лабораторией ангиопатологии ФГБНУ «НИИОПП»; научный сотрудник Центра высокоточного редактирования и генетических технологий для биомедицины ФГБУН «ИБГ» РАН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Research Associate, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., кардиохирург отделения кардиохирургии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Cardiac Surgeon, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумаков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, руководитель отделения кардиохирургии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыбин</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zybin</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., заведующий отделением кардиохирургии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., научный руководитель лаборатории ангиопатологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Scientific Advisor, Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; ФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии имени В.А. Энгельгардта» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; Центр высокоточного редактирования и генетических технологий для биомедицины ФГБУН «Институт биологии гена» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1031</fpage><lpage>1036</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чегодаев Е.С., Никифоров Н.Г., Попов М.А., Шумаков Д.В., Зыбин Д.И., Орехов А.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чегодаев Е.С., Никифоров Н.Г., Попов М.А., Шумаков Д.В., Зыбин Д.И., Орехов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chegodaev E.S., Nikiforov N.G., Popov M.A., Shumakov D.V., Zybin D.I., Orekhov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3107">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3107</self-uri><abstract><p>Атеросклероз является хроническим заболеванием, при котором в стенках артерий накапливаются липиды, клетки и различные белковые молекулы, образуя атеросклеротические бляшки. Образование и рост атеросклеротических бляшек приводит к ухудшению кровотока, за счет сужения просвета кровеносного сосуда. Известно, что атеросклероз сопровождается локальным воспалением, при этом в сосудистой стенке повышается количество иммунокомпетентных макрофагов гематогенного происхождения. Причины, по которым воспалительная реакция не может завершится и переходит в хроническую форму, не ясны. Для разрешения воспаления и защиты тканей от высоких концентраций цитокинов, которые способны вызывать апоптоз, существует механизм иммунной толерантности врожденного иммунитета. Толерантность моноцитов-макрофагов к липополисахариду (LPS) это явление, при котором клетки снижают свою чувствительность к повторяющимся воздействиям LPS. Это состояние характеризуется снижением способности макрофагов вырабатывать провоспалительные цитокины и способствует разрешению воспаления. Мы предположили, что при атеросклерозе возможны нарушения толерантности в моноцитах-макрофагах. В исследование были включены пациенты, которые были приняты в кардиохирургическое отделение МОНИКИ имени М.Ф. Владимирского. Пациенты были разделены на больных коронарным атеросклерозом (CAD) с выявленным стенозом в 2 и более артериях и здоровых без стеноза в артериях по результатам коронарографии. В настоящем исследовании мы изучили способность макрофагов от 13 пациентов с CAD и 11 пациентов без него формировать толерантность к LPS. Для этого мы выделяли CD14+ моноциты из крови путем положительной селекции с помощью иммуномагнитного сепарирования и подвергали двум последовательным стимуляциям LPS, непосредственно после выделения клеток и через 6 дней культивирования. Оценку секреции цитокинов TNFα, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10 и хемокинов IL-8, CCL2 измеряли в супернатантах клеточных культур с использованием иммуноферментного анализа. Наши результаты показали нарушение толерантности макрофагов по секреции CCL2 и улучшение толерантности по секреции IL-8 после двух стимуляций LPS в макрофагах от пациентов с CAD по сравнению с пациентами без него. Поскольку IL-8 и CCL2 являются хемоаттрактантами для других иммунных клеток, можно предположить, что наблюдаемые нарушения толерантности макрофагов к LPS при атеросклерозе повышают инфильтрацию других моноцитов в очаг воспаления, способствуя хронизации воспаления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease in which lipids, cells and various proteins accumulate in the walls of the arteries, forming atherosclerotic plaques. The growth of plaques leads narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is accompanied by local inflammation, while the number of hematogenous macrophages are derived from monocytes increases in the vascular wall. The reasons why the inflammatory reaction cannot be completed and becomes chronic are not clear. To resolve inflammation and protect tissues from high concentrations of cytokines that can cause apoptosis, there is a mechanism of immune tolerance of innate immunity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance of monocyte-macrophages is a phenomenon in which cells reduce their sensitivity to repeated exposure to LPS. This condition is characterized by a decrease in the ability of macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines and promotes resolution of inflammation. We hypothesized that in atherosclerosis, tolerance violations in monocyte-macrophages are possible. The study included patients who were admitted to the department of cardiac surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI). Patients were divided into patients with coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) with detected stenosis in 2 or more arteries and healthy controls without stenosis in the arteries according to the results of coronary angiography. In the present study, we examined the ability of macrophages from 13 patients with CAD and 11 patients without CAD to develop tolerance to LPS. To do this, we isolated CD14+ monocytes from the blood by positive selection using immunomagnetic separation and subjected them to two sequential LPS stimulations, immediately after cell isolation and after 6 days of culture. The secretion of cytokines TNFα, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and CCL2 was measured in cell culture supernatants using by ELISA. Our results showed impaired macrophage tolerance for CCL2 secretion and improved tolerance for IL-8 secretion in macrophages from patients with CAD compared with patients without. Since IL-8 and CCL2 are chemoattractants for other immune cells, it can be assumed that the observed impairment of macrophage tolerance to LPS in atherosclerosis increases the infiltration of other monocytes into the inflammatory site, contributing to the chronicity of inflammation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>толерантность</kwd><kwd>моноциты</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>хемокины</kwd><kwd>LPS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>tolerance</kwd><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>chemokines</kwd><kwd>LPS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ № 22-15-00273. Авторы выражают благодарность Центру высокоточного редактирования и генетических технологий для биомедицины ИБГ РАН, за возможность использования научного оборудования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjaskulluecha S., Boonmee A., Pattarakankul T., Wongprom B., Klomsing J., Palaga T. Screening of Compounds to Identify Novel Epigenetic Regulatory Factors That Affect Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. Sci. Rep, 2022, Vol. 12, 1912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05929-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benjaskulluecha S., Boonmee A., Pattarakankul T., Wongprom B., Klomsing J., Palaga T. Screening of Compounds to Identify Novel Epigenetic Regulatory Factors That Affect Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. Sci. Rep, 2022, Vol. 12, 1912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05929-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cambier S., Gouwy M., Proost, P. The Chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL12: Molecular and Functional Properties, Role in Disease and Efforts towards Pharmacological Intervention. Cell. Mol. Immunol., 2023, Vol. 20, pp. 217-251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cambier S., Gouwy M., Proost, P. The Chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL12: Molecular and Functional Properties, Role in Disease and Efforts towards Pharmacological Intervention. Cell. Mol. Immunol., 2023, Vol. 20, pp. 217-251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deshmane S.L., Kremlev S., Amini S., Sawaya B.E. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1): An Overview. J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 2009, Vol. 29, pp. 313-326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deshmane S.L., Kremlev S., Amini S., Sawaya B.E. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1): An Overview. J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 2009, Vol. 29, pp. 313-326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GencerS., Evans B.R., vander VorstE.P.C.,Döring Y., WeberC.Inflammatory Chemokines inAtherosclerosis. Cells, 2021, Vol. 10, 226. doi:10.3390/cells10020226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GencerS., Evans B.R., vander VorstE.P.C.,Döring Y., WeberC.Inflammatory Chemokines inAtherosclerosis. Cells, 2021, Vol. 10, 226. doi:10.3390/cells10020226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedayati-Moghadam M., Hosseinian S., Paseban M., Shabgah A.G., Gholizadeh J., Jamialahmadi T., Sathyapalan T., Sahebkar A. The Role of Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases and the Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on CXCL8 and CCL2 as Pathological Chemokines in Atherosclerosis. In Natural Products and Human Diseases: Pharmacology, Molecular Targets, and Therapeutic Benefits, Sahebkar, A., Sathyapalan, T., Eds., Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2021, pp. 155-170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedayati-Moghadam M., Hosseinian S., Paseban M., Shabgah A.G., Gholizadeh J., Jamialahmadi T., Sathyapalan T., Sahebkar A. The Role of Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases and the Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on CXCL8 and CCL2 as Pathological Chemokines in Atherosclerosis. In Natural Products and Human Diseases: Pharmacology, Molecular Targets, and Therapeutic Benefits, Sahebkar, A., Sathyapalan, T., Eds., Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2021, pp. 155-170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou P., Fang J., Liu Z., Shi Y., Agostini M., Bernassola F., Bove P., Candi E., Rovella V., Sica G., Sun Q., Wang Y., Scimeca M., Federici M., Mauriello A., Melino G. Macrophage Polarization and Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis., 2023, Vol. 14, pp. 1-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou P., Fang J., Liu Z., Shi Y., Agostini M., Bernassola F., Bove P., Candi E., Rovella V., Sica G., Sun Q., Wang Y., Scimeca M., Federici M., Mauriello A., Melino G. Macrophage Polarization and Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis., 2023, Vol. 14, pp. 1-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langston P.K., Nambu A., Jung J., Shibata M., Aksoylar H.I., Lei J., Xu P., Doan M.T., Jiang H., MacArthur M.R., Gao X., Kong Y., Chouchani E. T., Locasale J. W., Snyder N. W., Horng T. Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle Enzyme GPD2 Regulates Macrophage Inflammatory Responses. Nat. Immunol., 2019, Vol. 20, pp. 1186-1195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langston P.K., Nambu A., Jung J., Shibata M., Aksoylar H.I., Lei J., Xu P., Doan M.T., Jiang H., MacArthur M.R., Gao X., Kong Y., Chouchani E. T., Locasale J. W., Snyder N. W., Horng T. Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle Enzyme GPD2 Regulates Macrophage Inflammatory Responses. Nat. Immunol., 2019, Vol. 20, pp. 1186-1195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lv G., Zhu H., Li C., Wang J., Zhao D., Li S., Ma L., Sun G., Li F., Zhao Y., Gao Y. Inhibition of IL-8-Mediated Endothelial Adhesion, VSMCs Proliferation and Migration by siRNA-TMEM98 Suggests TMEM98’s Emerging Role in Atherosclerosis. Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, 88043-88058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lv G., Zhu H., Li C., Wang J., Zhao D., Li S., Ma L., Sun G., Li F., Zhao Y., Gao Y. Inhibition of IL-8-Mediated Endothelial Adhesion, VSMCs Proliferation and Migration by siRNA-TMEM98 Suggests TMEM98’s Emerging Role in Atherosclerosis. Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, 88043-88058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morante-Palacios O., Lorente-Sorolla C., Ciudad L., Calafell-Segura J., Garcia-Gomez A., Català-Moll F., Ruiz-Sanmartín A., Martínez-Gallo M., Ferrer R., Ruiz-Rodriguez J.C., Álvarez-Errico D., Ballestar E. JAK2-STAT Epigenetically Regulates Tolerized Genes in Monocytes in the First Encounter With Gram-Negative Bacterial Endotoxins in Sepsis. Front. Immunol., 2021, Vol. 12, 734652. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morante-Palacios O., Lorente-Sorolla C., Ciudad L., Calafell-Segura J., Garcia-Gomez A., Català-Moll F., Ruiz-Sanmartín A., Martínez-Gallo M., Ferrer R., Ruiz-Rodriguez J.C., Álvarez-Errico D., Ballestar E. JAK2-STAT Epigenetically Regulates Tolerized Genes in Monocytes in the First Encounter With Gram-Negative Bacterial Endotoxins in Sepsis. Front. Immunol., 2021, Vol. 12, 734652. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikiforov N.G., Kirichenko T.V., Kubekina M.V., Chegodaev Y.S., Zhuravlev A.D., Ilchuk L.A., Nikolaeva M.A., Arefieva A.S., Popov M.A., Verkhova S.S., Bagheri Ekta M., Orekhov A. N. Macrophages Derived from LPS-Stimulated Monocytes from Individuals with Subclinical Atherosclerosis Were Characterized by Increased pro-Inflammatory Activity. Cytokine, 2023, Vol. 172, 156411. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikiforov N.G., Kirichenko T.V., Kubekina M.V., Chegodaev Y.S., Zhuravlev A.D., Ilchuk L.A., Nikolaeva M.A., Arefieva A.S., Popov M.A., Verkhova S.S., Bagheri Ekta M., Orekhov A. N. Macrophages Derived from LPS-Stimulated Monocytes from Individuals with Subclinical Atherosclerosis Were Characterized by Increased pro-Inflammatory Activity. Cytokine, 2023, Vol. 172, 156411. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russo R.C., Garcia C.C., Teixeira M.M., Amaral F.A. The CXCL8/IL-8 Chemokine Family and Its Receptors in Inflammatory Diseases. Exp. Rev. Clin. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 10, pp. 593-619.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russo R.C., Garcia C.C., Teixeira M.M., Amaral F.A. The CXCL8/IL-8 Chemokine Family and Its Receptors in Inflammatory Diseases. Exp. Rev. Clin. Immunol., 2014, Vol. 10, pp. 593-619.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szomjak E., Der H., Kerekes G., Veres K., Csiba L., Toth J., Peter M., Soltesz P., Szodoray P. Immunological Parameters, Including CXCL8 (IL-8) Characterize Cerebro- and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Diseases. Scand. J. Immunol., 2010, Vol. 71, pp. 283-291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szomjak E., Der H., Kerekes G., Veres K., Csiba L., Toth J., Peter M., Soltesz P., Szodoray P. Immunological Parameters, Including CXCL8 (IL-8) Characterize Cerebro- and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Diseases. Scand. J. Immunol., 2010, Vol. 71, pp. 283-291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Yang K., Chen F., Liu Q., Ni J., Cao W., Hua Y., He F., Liu Z., Li L., Fan G. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 Axis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications. Front. Immunol., 2022, Vol. 13, 975367. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Yang K., Chen F., Liu Q., Ni J., Cao W., Hua Y., He F., Liu Z., Li L., Fan G. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 Axis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications. Front. Immunol., 2022, Vol. 13, 975367. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
