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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-FOB-16880</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности дифференцировки бета-клеток при развитии сахарного диабета 2 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of beta cell differentiation during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Анна Викторовна – научный сотрудник лаборатории морфологии и биохимии.</p><p>620049, Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106</p><p>Тел.: 8 (906) 806-55-09</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Belousova - Research Associate, Laboratory of Morphology and Biochemistry, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>106 Pervomajskaya St Yekaterinburg 620049</p><p>Phone: +7 (906) 806-55-09</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A1b2v3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории морфологии и биохимии.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Morphology and Biochemistry, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.б.н., доцент, заведующая лабораторией морфологии и биохимии.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Head, Laboratory of morphology and biochemistry, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черешнева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chereshneva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунофизиологии и иммунофармакологии.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunophysiology and Immunopharmacology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черешнев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chereshnev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунофизиологии и иммунофармакологии.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Research Associate, Laboratory of Immunophysiology and Immunopharmacology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1037</fpage><lpage>1044</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белоусова А.В., Соколова К.В., Данилова И.Г., Черешнева М.В., Черешнев В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белоусова А.В., Соколова К.В., Данилова И.Г., Черешнева М.В., Черешнев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belousova A.V., Sokolova K.V., Danilova I.G., Chereshneva M.V., Chereshnev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3104">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3104</self-uri><abstract><p>Сахарный диабет второго типа характеризуется слабо выраженной воспалительной реакцией в поджелудочной железе, что влияет на структуру и функции панкреатических островков: количество β-клеток уменьшается и растет число α-клеток В работе исследовали особенности дифференцировки β-клеток в условиях развития экспериментального сахарного диабета второго типа и при снижении воспалительного процесса. Применялись биохимические, гистологические методы, иммуноферментный анализ, иммуногистохимические методы с использованием первичных антител к инсулину, глюкагону, маркеру пролиферации Ki-67 и вторичных антител, меченых флюоресцентными красителями. Для моделирования сахарного диабета второго типа использовали стрептозотоцин и никотинамид, а для снижения воспалительной реакции натриевую соль 5-амино-2,3-дигидрофталазин-1,4-диона. В предыдущих исследованиях было показано, что она меняет фенотип макрофагов с провоспалительного М1 на противовоспалительный М2. При сахарном диабете второго типа на фоне уменьшения в панкреатических островках количества макрофагов с маркером CD163 и концентрации цитокина TGF-β1, обладающих противовоспалительным действием, наблюдалось снижение числа β-клеток и их функциональной активности, в то время как содержание α-клеток, синтезирующих глюкагон, росло. После введения натриевой соли 5-амино-2,3-дигидрофталазин-1,4-диона в островках поджелудочной железы отмечалась противоположная картина: на фоне увеличения числа CD163+ макрофагов и содержания TGF-β1 росло количество β-клеток и снижалось число α-клеток. Рост числа инсулинсинтезирующих клеток не сопровождался их митотической активностью. Вероятно, снижение количества CD163+ макрофагов и уровня противовоспалительного цитокина TGF-β1 в островках являются факторами, способствующими изменению микроокружения клеток и, как следствие, дифференцировке β-клеток в α-клетки. Напротив, рост числа CD163+ макрофагов и TGF-β1 на фоне введения натриевой соли 5-амино-2,3-дигидрофталазин-1,4-диона, предположительно, способствует обратной дифференцировке α-клеток в β-клетки и восстановлению синтеза инсулина поджелудочной железой. Целенаправленное воздействие на микроокружение клеток в панкреатическом островке при сахарном диабете второго типа может являться новым подходом к лечению заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a mild inflammatory reaction in the pancreas, which affects the structure and function of the pancreatic islets: the number of β-cells decreases and the number of α-cells increases. The work examined the features of β-cell differentiation in the development of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus and while reducing the inflammatory process. Biochemical, histological methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical methods were used using primary antibodies to insulin, glucagon, proliferation marker Ki-67 and secondary antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes. Streptozotocin and nicotinamide were used to model type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione was used to reduce the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that it changes the macrophage phenotype from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, against the background of a decrease in the number of macrophages with the CD163 marker and the concentration of the cytokine TGF-β1, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, in the pancreatic islets, a decrease in the number of β-cells and their functional activity was observed, while the content of α-cells synthesizing glucagon increased. After administration of the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, the opposite picture was observed in the pancreatic islets: against the background of an increase in the number of CD163+ macrophages and the content of TGF-β1, the number of β cells increased and the number of α cells decreased-cells. The increase in the number of insulin-synthesizing cells was not accompanied by their mitotic activity. It is likely that a decrease in the number of CD163+ macrophages and the level of the antiinflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 in the islets are factors contributing to changes in the cell microenvironment and, as a consequence, the differentiation of β-cells into α-cells. On the contrary, an increase in the number of CD163+ macrophages and TGF-β1 against the background of administration of the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione presumably promotes reverse differentiation of α-cells into β-cells and restoration of insulin synthesis pancreas. Targeted effects on the microenvironment of cells in the pancreatic islet in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be a new approach to treating the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>α-клетки</kwd><kwd>β-клетки</kwd><kwd>дифференцировка β-клеток</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>α-cells</kwd><kwd>β-cells</kwd><kwd>β-cell differentiation</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гос. задания ИИФ УрО РАН (регистрационный номер темы 122020900136-4) с использованием оборудования ЦКП ИИФ УрО РАН. 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