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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-FOT-16727</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности экспрессии генов противомикробных пептидов и микробиома на уровне слизистой оболочки верхних дыхательных путей при старении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the expression of genes of antimicrobial peptides and the microbiome at the level of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract during aging</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмакина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmakina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурмакина Валерия Владиславовна – аспирант, старший лаборант кафедры иммунологии МБФ.</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6</p><p>Тел.: 8 (999) 962-13-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Burmakina - Postgraduate Student, Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Immunology, MBF, N. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov St, Bldg 6 Moscow 117513</p><p>Phone: +7 (999) 962-13-14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burmakina_vv@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вартанова</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vartanova</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории условно-патогенных бактерий.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Microbiology of Opportunistic Bacteria, I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры иммунологии МБФ.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Immunology, MBF, N. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Городищенская</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorodishchenskaya</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант кафедры иммунологии МБФ.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant, Department of Immunology, MBF, N. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авагян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avagyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, директор ФГБНУ «НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова».</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>961</fpage><lpage>966</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бурмакина В.В., Вартанова Н.О., Хорева М.В., Городищенская С.В., Авагян А.С., Свитич О.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бурмакина В.В., Вартанова Н.О., Хорева М.В., Городищенская С.В., Авагян А.С., Свитич О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burmakina V.V., Vartanova N.O., Khoreva M.V., Gorodishchenskaya S.V., Avagyan A.S., Svitich O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3101">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3101</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодняшний день во всем мире неуклонно растет доля лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Важнейшими факторами первой линии иммунной защиты слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей являются β-дефензины, представляющие группу секреторных белков с противомикробной активностью. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение экспрессии генов противомикробных пептидов β-дефензинов и состава микробиома слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей у лиц старческого возраста и долгожителей при различных фенотипах старения. В основную группу исследования вошло 67 долгожителей и 49 человек старческого возраста, которые в дальнейшем были поделены на две подгруппы в зависимости от протекания старения (патологическое и успешное старение). Из соскобов носоглотки выделяли нуклеиновые кислоты и методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени определяли уровни экспрессии генов DEFB1 и DEFB4. Состав микробиоты в мазках носоглотки определяли методом MALDI-TOF масс-спектрометрии.</p><p>При анализе экспрессии гена DEFB1 у лиц старческого возраста и долгожителей с успешным и патологическим фенотипом старения не выявлено разницы между группами. Экспрессия гена DEFB4 была увеличена у долгожителей с патологическим старением по сравнению с долгожителями с успешным старением и с группой старческого возраста. Избыточная продукция противомикробных пептидов носит двойственный характер: с одной стороны, они обеспечивают первую линию защиты от микроорганизмов, а с другой – обладают цитотоксичностью в отношении собственных клеток. Повышение экспрессии гена DEFB4 при старении может быть обусловлено увеличением количества патоген-ассоциированных молекулярных паттернов, в качестве которых может выступать собственная микробиота и/или компоненты метаболизма микроорганизмов. При анализе состава микробиоты показано увеличение биоразнообразия у лиц с успешным фенотипом старения по сравнению с патологическим фенотипом. Особое внимание обращает на себя Staphylococcus spp., видовой состав которого зависит от фенотипа старения. В группе патологического старения частота высевания St. aureus достоверно выше, чем в группе успешного старения.</p><p>Таким образом, гиперэкспрессия гена DEFB4 и изменение состава микробиоты слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей могут являться одними из механизмов, объясняющих повышение восприимчивости к инфекциям при различных фенотипах старения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Today, the proportion of elderly and senile people is steadily growing throughout the world. The most important factors in the first line of immune defense of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract are β-defensins, which are a group of secretory proteins with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to study the expression of genes for antimicrobial peptides β-defensins and the composition of the microbiome of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in elderly people and long-livers with various aging phenotypes.</p><p>The main study group included 67 centenarians and 49 elderly people, who were further divided into two subgroups depending on the course of aging (pathological and successful aging). Nucleic acids were isolated from nasopharyngeal scrapings and the expression levels of the DEFB1 and DEFB4 genes were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The composition of the microbiota in nasopharyngeal swabs was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.</p><p>In analyzing the expression of the DEFB1 gene in elderly people and centenarians with successful and pathological aging phenotypes, no difference was revealed between the groups. Expression of the DEFB4 gene was increased in centenarians with pathological aging compared to centenarians with successful aging and in the elderly group. Excessive production of antimicrobial peptides is dual in nature; on the one hand, they provide the first line of defense against microorganisms, and on the other, they are cytotoxic to their own cells. An increase in the expression of the DEFB4 gene during aging may be due to an increase in the number of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which can be one’s own microbiota and/or components of microbial metabolism. Analysis of the microbiota composition showed an increase in biodiversity in individuals with a successful aging phenotype compared to a pathological phenotype. Particular attention is paid to Staphylococcus spp., the species composition of which depends on the aging phenotype. In the pathological aging group, the frequency of St. aureus colonization is significantly higher than in the successful aging group.</p><p>Thus, overexpression of the DEFB4 gene and changes in the composition of the microbiota of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract may be one of the mechanisms explaining the increased susceptibility to infections in various aging phenotypes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>мукозальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>противомикробные пептиды HBD1</kwd><kwd>противомикробные пептиды HBD2</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>долгожители</kwd><kwd>патологическое старение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>mucosal immunity</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial peptides HBD1</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial peptides HBD2</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>longevity</kwd><kwd>pathological aging</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда №23-15-00137, http://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00137/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ребриков Д.В., Трофимов Д.Ю. 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