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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IPO-3081</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3081</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенные свойства синтетических пептидов, повторяющих V3-петлю оболочечного белка gp120 ВИЧ-1, при различных способах введения и использовании иммуноадъюванта poly(I:C)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunogenic properties of synthetic peptides copying the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein: effects of various administration routes and poly(I:C) immunoadjvant use</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3319-7668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории полисахаридных вакцин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Polysaccharide Vaccine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korobovas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории инженерии белка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Protein Engineering</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rhuta@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алхазова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhazova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории полисахаридных вакцин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Polysaccharide Vaccine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ab318@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головина</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovina</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории полисахаридных вакцин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Polysaccharide Vaccine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m5909@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-2626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апарин</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aparin</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией полисахаридных вакцин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Laboratory of Polysaccharide Vaccine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr_ap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии” Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1271</fpage><lpage>1284</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коробова С.В., Топорова В.А., Алхазова Б.И., Головина М.Э., Апарин П.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коробова С.В., Топорова В.А., Алхазова Б.И., Головина М.Э., Апарин П.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korobova S.V., Toporova V.A., Alkhazova B.I., Golovina M.E., Aparin P.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3081">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3081</self-uri><abstract><p>Синтетические пептиды являются хорошей основой для создания вакцины против ВИЧ/ СПИД. Иммунизация ими фокусирует иммунный ответ только на определенный эпитоп, они способны активировать обе ветви иммунного ответа и безопасны при введении в организм человека. Имея низкий молекулярный вес синтетические пептиды обладают низкой иммуногенностью, поэтому необходимо использовать различные иммуноадъюванты в составе иммуногенной композиции. V3-петля оболочечного белка gp120 ВИЧ-1 является одним из основных протективных эпитопов, на него получено ряд моноклональных антител с широкой нейтрализующей активностью. Нами было проведено исследование иммуногенности пептидов, копирующих V3-петлю консенсусной последовательности вирусов группы M ВИЧ-1 и российского изолята RUA022a2, в зависимости от способа введения (подкожно и внутрибрюшинно) и использования иммуноадъюванта. В качестве адъюванта применялся синтетический аналог двуцепочечной РНК – poly(I:C), являющийся лигандом рецепторов врожденного иммунитета TLR3. Исследования проводилось на мышах линии balb/c. Показано, что способ введения не влияет на формирование иммунного ответа на пептиды. Однако в группах, где использовался иммуноадъювант, наблюдалась более ранняя продукция специфических IgG-антител. При этом титр антител после третьего, последнего, введения был незначительно выше в группах, где пептиды вводились с адъювантом. Также не было выявлено отличий в изотипе индуцированных антител. Во всех группах преимущественно образовывались IgG1-антитела. Специфические антитела класса IgM выявлялись только после третьего введения антигена. На их титр не влиял способ введения, а уровень антител был также незначительно выше в группе с poly(I:C). Полученные антитела не обладали нейтрализующей активностью по отношению изолята QF495.23.M.EnvA1. При исследовании антиген-специфической клеточной активации показано, что только в группах, где применялся poly(I:C), выявляется продукция IFNγ – маркера Th1-ответа. Кроме того, группах, где в составе иммуногенной композиции присутствовал poly(I:C), определялся низкий уровень противоспалительного цитокина IL-10, больше всего его выявлялось в группах с внутрибрюшинном введении. Проведенные исследования показали, что использование адъюванта poly(I:C) способствует формированию иммунного ответа на синтетические пептиды, вызывая более раннюю индукцию специфических антител, а также переключению на Th1-путь. Полученные данные могут применяться при дизайне вакцин против ВИЧ/СПИД и других вирусных инфекций, для повышения их иммуногенности и возможности индукции протективного иммунного ответа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Synthetic peptides provide a promising basis for HIV vaccine development. Following their administration, the immune response is focused only on a specific epitope. Moreover, they are able to activate both humoral and cellular pathways of immune response, being safe and well tolerated. Due to low molecular weight, the synthetic peptides exhibit low immunogenicity, therefore requiring usage of various immunoadjuvants in immunogenic compositions. The V3 loops of gp120 envelope protein are among the main protective epitopes, with a number of monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralizing activity having been obtained to this antigen. We have studied the immunogenicity of peptides copying the V3 loop of the group M HIV-1 virus consensus sequence, and the Russian viral isolate RUA022a2. We have also assessed the possible impact of its administration route (subcutaneously versus intraperitoneally) and usage of an immunoadjuvant. poly(I:C), a synthetic analogue of double-stranded RNA, being a ligand of TLR3 innate immunity receptors, was used as an adjuvant. The studies were conducted on Balb/c mice. It has been shown that the route of administration did not affect an immune response development to the tested peptides. However, earlier production of specific IgG antibodies was observed in the groups treated with immunoadjuvant. At the same time, the antibody titer was slightly higher in the groups where peptides were administered with the adjuvant after the 3rd (last) administration. No differences have been revealed in the isotypes of induced antibodies. IgG1 antibodies were predominantly induced in all groups. Specific IgM antibodies were detected only after 3rd injection of the antigens. The antibody titer did not depend on the administration route, being slightly higher in the groups where peptides were administered with the poly(I:C) adjuvant. The induced antibodies did not exhibit neutralizing activity against the QF495.23.M.EnvA1 isolate. When studying antigen-specific cellular immune activation, the production of IFNγ, the Th1 response marker was detected only in poly(I:С)-treated groups. In addition, a low level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was determined in groups where poly(I:С) was included in the immunogenic composition. Moreover, the highest IL-10 level was detected in groups with intraperitoneal administration. Our studies have shown that the use of poly(I:С) adjuvant promotes immune response to the synthetic peptides, thus contributing to earlier induction of specific antibodies as well as switching to the Th1 pathway. The data obtained may be used for development of vaccines against HIV and other viral infections, in order to increase their immunogenicity and ability of inducing a protective immune response.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>нейтрализующие антитела</kwd><kwd>иммуноадъюванты</kwd><kwd>poly(I:C)</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>neutralizing antibodies</kwd><kwd>immunoadjuvants</kwd><kwd>poly(I:C)</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барышникова М.А., Пономарев А.В., Рудакова А.А., Соколова З.А., Голубцова Н.В., Царапаев П.В., Левагина Г.М., Даниленко Е.Д., Косоруков В.С. Сравнение Ридостина Про и Poly(I:C) в качестве адъюванта для противоопухолевой неоантигенной пептидной вакцины. 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