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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-PRO-3070</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль IL-4 и IL-13 в патогенезе атопического дерматита: пути ингибирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic role of IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic dermatitis: The inhibitory pathways</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-7085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачарадзе</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Macharadze</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мачарадзе Д.Ш. – д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник клинического отдела </p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Macharadze D.Sh., PhD, MD (Medicine), Leading Research Associate, Clinical Department </p><p>10 Admiral Makarov St., Moscow, 125212</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dalim_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>287</fpage><lpage>296</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мачарадзе Д.Ш., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мачарадзе Д.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Macharadze D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3070">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3070</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящен двум ключевым цитокинам Th2 – IL-4 и IL-13, которые напрямую участвуют в иммунопатогенезе атопического дерматита. Впервые об идентификации IL-4 и IL-13 при АД сообщили Q. Hamid и соавт. в 1994 г. За это время появилось огромное количество исследований, подтверждающих связь этих цитокинов Th2 с нарушением эпидермального барьера кожи; снижением иммунного ответа кожи за счет ингибирования экспрессии антимикробных пептидов против золотистого стафилококка и т.д. Исследования также убедительно подтверждают связь с IL-4/IL-13 таких клинических проявлений атопического дерматита, как кожные инфекции, а также воспаление, лихенизация и зуд кожи. Роль IL-4 и IL-13 подтверждается и клиническими исследованиями, которые указывают на благоприятное влияние препаратов, ингибирующих эти цитокины, на купирование кожных симптомов атопического дерматита (зуд, высыпания). Оказалось, что IL-4 и IL-13 связывают сигнальный путь JAK/STAT за счет общей α-субъединицы рецептора IL-4 – IL-4Rα. Еще одной важной способностью IL-4, IL-13 и других цитокинов (включая IL-31), является активация сенсорных нейронов, поэтому их часто рассматривают как мощные пруритогены. В статье обсуждаются также вопросы, касающиеся роли сигнального пути JAK/STAT и, в частности, белка JAK1 в развитии атопического дерматита. Исходя из патогенетической значимости IL-4 и IL-13, в последнее время были разработаны препараты, блокирующие их активность и тем самым воздействующие на важные молекулярные пути развития атопического заболевания. Эти препараты классифицируются как системная терапия, которая включает, в том числе: 1) биологическую терапию (дупилумаб, первое моноклональное антитело IgG4), который блокирует IL-4Rα и тем самым подавляет ось IL-4/IL-13, и 2) ингибиторы янускиназы (JAK) или ингибиторы малых молекул (на сегодня в России доступны такие препараты из группы ингибиторов янускиназы, как аброцитиниб, упадацитиниб и бароцитиниб). Исследования показывают, что и биологичекая терапия, и малые молекулы оказывают иммуномодулирующее действие на течение атопического дерматита. В обзоре кратко представлены основные данные недавних метаанализов по сравнительной характеристике биологической терапии и ингибиторов янускиназы при данном заболевании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article is devoted to the two key Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, which are directly involved in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). The identification of IL-4 and IL-13 in AD was first reported by Q. Hamid et al. in 1994. Since then, a number of studies have appeared confirming the relationship of these Th2 cytokines with disruption of the skin epidermal barrier; a decrease in skin immune response due to inhibited expression of antimicrobial peptides against Staphylococcus aureus, etc. The convincing studies also confirm a relationship with IL-4/IL-13 to such clinical manifestations of ADs as skin infections, as well as inflammation, lichenification and itching of the skin. The role of IL-4 and IL-13 is also confirmed by clinical studies, which indicate a beneficial effect of drugs inhibiting these cytokines on the relief of skin symptoms in atopic dermatitis (itching, rashes). The IL-4 and IL-13 are shown to connect the JAK/STAT signaling pathway due to the common α-subunit of IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). Importantly, IL-4, IL-13 and other cytokines (including IL-31) are capable of activating the sensory neurons, thus being often considered potent pruritogens. The article also discusses issues related to the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and, in particular, the JAK1 protein in development of atopic dermatitis. As based on pathogenetic significance of IL-4 and IL-13, drugs have recently been developed that block their activity and, thereby, affect important molecular pathways of the AD development. These drugs are classified as systemic medications which include, e.g., (1) biological therapy (dupilumab, the first monoclonal IgG4 antibody), which blocks IL-4Rα and, thereby, suppresses the IL-4/IL-13 axis, and (2). Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors or small-molecule agents. Currently, some Janus kinase inhibitors, e.g., abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and barocitinib, are available in Russia. Clinical studies show that both biological therapy and small molecules have an immunomodulatory effect on the course of atopic dermatitis. The review briefly presents the main data of recent meta-analyses on the comparative characteristics of biotherapy and usage of Janus kinase inhibitors in this disorder.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>IL-4</kwd><kwd>IL-13</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>дупилумаб</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы малых молекул</kwd><kwd>упадацитиниб</kwd><kwd>аброцитиниб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>IL-4</kwd><kwd>IL-13</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>Dupilumab</kwd><kwd>small molecule inhibitors</kwd><kwd>upadacitinib</kwd><kwd>abrocitinib</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alkon N., Bauer W.M., Krausgruber T., Goh I., Griss J., Nguyen V., Reininger B., Bangert C., Staud C., Brunner PM., Bock C., Haniffa M., Stingl G. 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