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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-IOH-16846</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3059</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идентификация HLA-гаплотипов в качестве генетических маркеров гломерулонефритов с рефрактерным нефротическим синдромом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of HLA haplotypes as genetic markers of glomerulonephritis with refractory nephrotic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней с курсом клинической иммунологии,</p><p>428015, Чувашская Республика, г. Чебоксары, Московский пр., 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Diseases with the Course of Clinical Immunology, </p><p>15 Moscovsky Ave, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic 428015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карзакова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karzakova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карзакова Луиза Михайловна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой внутренних болезней с курсом клинической иммунологии,</p><p>428015, Чувашская Республика, г. Чебоксары, Московский пр., 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Louise M. Karzakova - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Internal Diseases with the Course of Clinical Immunology, </p><p>15 Moscovsky Ave, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic 428015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luizak58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I. Ulyanov Chuvash State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>853</fpage><lpage>860</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудряшов С.И., Карзакова Л.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудряшов С.И., Карзакова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryashov S.I., Karzakova L.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3059">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3059</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из актуальных проблем медицины является выяснение патогенетических механизмов гломерулонефритов (ГН) с рефрактерным нефротическим синдромом (НС). В 30% случаев рефрактерный НС имеет генетическую природу. Роль генов системы гистосовместимости человека (HLA) в развитии рефрактерного НС изучена не достаточно. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение ассоциации двухлокусных гаплотипов аллелей генов HLA класса II с ГН, проявляющимися рефрактерным НС. В рамках данной работы было проведено типирование генов HLA класса II у 136 больных ГН с НС методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР), включавшее идентификацию 13 аллелей локуса DRB1, 8 – DQA1, и 12 – DQB1. Когорта обследованных была разделена на две группы – группу больных с рефрактерным НС и группу больных с редкими рецидивами, с отсутствием рефрактерности к проводимой терапии. В исследование отбирали лиц чувашской национальности. В исследуемых группах пациентов определяли величины неравновесного сцепления аллелей (D) для выявления характерных двухлокусных гаплотипов и их частоту по формулам Piazza A. и соавт. Для оценки ассоциации рефрактерного НС с HLA-гаплотипами рассчитывали величины относительных рисков (ОР) по формуле Woolf B. и Haldane J. Статистическую значимость ассоциации оценивали по двустороннему точному методу Фишера для четырехпольных таблиц (PF). Наибольшее значение ОР было установлено у гаплотипа HLA- DRB1*11(05)-DQA1*0301. Его величина составила 42,1 (PF = 0,005). Другой статистически значимой была величина ОР у гаплотипа HLA-DRB1*15(02)-DQB1*0602-8, равнявшаяся 0,2 (PF = 0,004). Значение данного показателя меньше 1, что свидетельствует о его отрицательной связи с рефрактерным НС. В результате проведенного исследования в HLA-генотипе лиц чувашской популяции обнаружен гаплотип DRB1*11(05)-DQA1*0301, связанный с повышенным риском развития рефрактерного НС, и протективный гаплотип DRB1*15(02)-DQB1*0602-8, снижающий риск возникновения рефрактерности НС к иммуносупрессивной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the urgent problems of medicine is to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of glomerulonephritis (GN) with refractory nephrotic syndrome (NS). In 30% of cases, refractory NS has a genetic nature. The role of human histocompatibility system (HLA) genes in the development of refractory NS has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to study the association of two-locus haplotypes of HLA class II gene alleles with GN manifested by refractory NS. The typing of HLA class II genes in 136 patients with NS was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which included the identification of 13 alleles of the DRB1, 8 – DQA1, and 12 – DQB1 loci. The cohort of the examined patients was divided into two groups: a group of patients with refractory NS and a group of patients with rare relapses, with a lack of refractoriness to the therapy. Persons of Chuvash nationality were selected for the study. In the studied groups of patients, the values of the nonequilibrium coupling of alleles (D) were determined to identify characteristic two-locus haplotypes and their frequency according to the formulas of Piazza A. and coauthors. To assess the association of refractory NS with HLA haplotypes, relative risk values (RR) were calculated using the formula Woolf B. and Haldane J. The statistical significance of the association was assessed using the twosided Fisher exact method for four-field tables (PF). The highest value of RR was found in the haplotype HLA-DRB1*11(05)-DQA1*0301. Its value was 42.1 (PF = 0.005). Another statistically significant value was the RR value of the haplotype HLA-DRB1*15(02)-DQB1*0602-8, equal to 0.2 (PF = 0.004). As a result of the study, the haplotype DRB1*11(05)-DQA1*0301, associated with an increased risk of refractory NS, and the protective haplotype DRB1*15(02)-DQB1*0602-8, reducing the risk of refractory NS were found in the HLA genotype of individuals in the Chuvash population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>HLA-гаплотипы</kwd><kwd>гломерулонефриты</kwd><kwd>нефротический синдром</kwd><kwd>рефрактерность к терапии</kwd><kwd>гены гистосовместимости человека</kwd><kwd>рецидивы нефротического синдрома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HLA haplotypes</kwd><kwd>glomerulonephritis</kwd><kwd>nephrotic syndrome</kwd><kwd>refractory to therapy</kwd><kwd>human histocompatibility genes</kwd><kwd>recurrence of nephrotic syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудряшов С.И., Стенина М.А., Карзакова Л.М., Соколова Е.В., Кузина О.В. 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