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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-ROT-16925</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль генетического полиморфизма TAS2R38 в патогенезе заболеваний органов дыхания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of TAS2R38 polymorphism in respiratory diseases pathogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нёма</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nyoma</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муркина Рахиль Геннадьевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии имени академика М.В. Черноруцкого,</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rakhil G. Murkina - PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, M. Chernorutsky Hospital Therapy Department,</p><p>6-8, L. Tolstoy St., St. Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrg1327x@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркина</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkina</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6-го курса,</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year Student, </p><p>6-8, L. Tolstoy St., St. Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии имени академика М.В. Черноруцкого,</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, M. Chernorutsky Hospital Therapy Department, </p><p>6-8, L. Tolstoy St., St. Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>707</fpage><lpage>710</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нёма М.А., Муркина Р.Г., Минеев В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нёма М.А., Муркина Р.Г., Минеев В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nyoma M.A., Murkina R.G., Mineev V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3039">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3039</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время все больше появляется данных об экстраоральных рецепторах к горькому вкусу (TAS2R). В обзоре приводятся современные данные по полиморфизмам, особенностям экспрессии и функционирования 38-го подтипа TAS2R (TAS2R38), его молекулярных вариантах, различающихся степенью чувствительности к лигандам и их роли в патогенезе заболеваний органов дыхания. Показывается механизм трансдукции сигнала от вкусовых рецепторов, опосредованный G-белком. Приводятся сведения об участии TAS2R38 в системе местной защиты в реснитчатом эпителии дыхательных путей, его активации молекулами системы “quorum sensing” и связи с компонентами мукоцилиарного клиренса. Было показано, что действие лиганда на TAS2R38 приводит к активации NO-синтазы с последующей продукцией оксида азота (NO), запускающего ряд внутриклеточных реакций, ведущих к увеличению скорости биения ресничек мерцательного эпителия, а также оказывающего прямое антибактериальное действие. TAS2R38 также обнаруживается на лейкоцитах, причем его экспрессия с возрастом снижается, что может рассматриваться в качестве компонента общего старения иммунокомпетентных клеток организма. Известно, что активация TAS2R38, кроме того, способствует усилению фагоцитарной активности макрофагов, что также опосредовано действием G-белка и цГМФ. Рецепторы TAS2R рассматриваются и как структуры, ассоциированные с аллергическими заболеваниями, в частности с бронхиальной астмой. В ходе ряда исследований в группах детей с бронхиальной астмой было выявлено, что экспрессия большинства TAS2R выше у детей с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой. В других работах было показано, что у лиц с эозинофильным вариантом хронического риносинусита наблюдается более высокий уровень экспрессии TAS2R38 в верхних дыхательных путях в сравнении с таковым у лиц с хроническим риносинуситом без эозинофилии. На сегодняшний день функциональная значимость экстраоральных рецепторов к горькому вкусу изучена не в полной мере. В дальнейшем еще предстоит выполнить большой объем исследовательской работы для окончательного понимания роли TAS2R в патогенезе заболеваний органов дыхания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>More and more new data, concerning extraoral bitter taste receptors (TAS2R), appear now. Current data on polymorphisms, expression patterns and form of TAS2R subtype 38 (TAS2R38), its molecular variants that differ in the degrees of sensitivity to ligands and their role in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders are discussed in this review. The mechanism of signal transduction from taste receptors mediated by G-protein is shown. Participation of TAS2R38 in the local protective mechanisms in a ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract and its activation by “quorum sensing” system molecules and its connection with the components of mucociliary clearance are presented. It has been shown that the action of the ligand on the TAS2R38 leads to the activation of NO synthase, followed by the production of nitric oxide (NO), which triggers a number of intracellular reactions leading to an increase in the rate of beating of the cilia of the ciliary epithelium, as well as having a direct antibacterial effect. TAS2R38 are also found on leukocytes, and its expression decreases with age, which can be considered as a component of the general aging of immunocompetent cells in the body. It is known that activation of TAS2R38 also enhances the phagocytic activity of macrophages, which is also mediated by the action of G-protein and cGMP. TAS2R receptors are also considered to be associated with allergic diseases, in particular – with bronchial asthma. A number of studies in groups of children with bronchial asthma revealed that the expression of most TAS2Rs was higher in children with severe bronchial asthma. Other studies have shown that patients with the eosinophilic variant of chronic rhinosinusitis have a higher levels of TAS2R38 expression in the upper respiratory tract compared to those with chronic rhinosinusitis without eosinophilia. To date, the functional significance of extraoral bitter taste receptors has not been fully studied. In the future, a large amount of research work remains to be done to finally understand the role of TAS2R in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>TAS2R</kwd><kwd>TAS2R38</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>G-белок</kwd><kwd>система “quorum sensing”</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TAS2R</kwd><kwd>TAS2R38</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>G-protein</kwd><kwd>“quorum sensing” system</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минеев В.Н., Сорокина Л.Н., Нёма М.А. Полиморфизм гена белка STAT6 и бронхиальная астма (обзор литературы) // Казанский медицинский журнал, 2009. Т. 90, № 1. С. 102-109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mineev V.N., Sorokina L.N., Nema M.A. STAT6 protein polymorphism and bronchial asthma (review). 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