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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-COI-16929</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3036</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение in vitro моделей для исследования сенесцентных опухоль-ассоциированных макрофагов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Comparison of in vitro models for the study of senescence of macrophages associated with a tumor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пухальская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pukhalskaia</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пухальская Тамара Владимировна - студент магистратуры, 354340, Краснодарский край, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр., 1;</p><p>старший лаборант, Санкт-Петербург;</p><p>старший лаборант-исследователь, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara V. Pukhalskaia - Graduate Student, 1 Olympic Ave Federal Territory Sirius Krasnodar Region 354340;</p><p>Senior Laboratory Assistant, St. Petersburg;</p><p>Senior Research Assistant, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tomapukhalskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юракова</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurakova</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший инженер-исследователь,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Engineer, </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайловская</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailovskaya</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент магистратуры, 354340, Краснодарский край, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр., 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, </p><p>1 Olympic Ave Federal Territory Sirius Krasnodar Region 354340</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, 354340, Краснодарский край, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр., 1;</p><p>младший научный сотрудник, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Junior Research Associate, 1 Olympic Ave Federal Territory Sirius Krasnodar Region 354340;</p><p>Junior Research Associate, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидов</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidov</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, 354340, Краснодарский край, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр., 1;</p><p>д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, 1 Olympic Ave Federal Territory Sirius Krasnodar Region 354340;</p><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Senior Research Associate, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”»;&#13;
Институт цитологии Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии имени В.А. Энгельгардта» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sirius University of Science and Technology;&#13;
Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии имени В.А. Энгельгардта» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”»;&#13;
Институт цитологии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sirius University of Science and Technology;&#13;
Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНОО ВО «Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”»;&#13;
Институт цитологии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sirius University of Science and Technology; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>693</fpage><lpage>700</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пухальская Т.В., Юракова Т.Р., Михайловская В.С., Богданова Д.А., Демидов О.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пухальская Т.В., Юракова Т.Р., Михайловская В.С., Богданова Д.А., Демидов О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pukhalskaia T.V., Yurakova T.R., Mikhailovskaya V.S., Bogdanova D.A., Demidov O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3036">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3036</self-uri><abstract><p>Опухоль-ассоциированные макрофаги (от англ. Tumor-associated macrophages – ТАМs) являются важной и наиболее представленной популяцией иммунных клеток в микроокружении опухоли. В значительной мере именно ТАМs могут определять направленность противоопухолевого иммунного ответа, они могут или дополнительно стимулировать его, или наоборот способствовать формированию иммуносупрессивного микроокружения. Одновременно под влиянием опухолевых клеток и противоопухолевой терапии многие клетки в микроокружении опухоли (от англ. tumor microenvironment, TME) могут развивать состояние сенесцентности. Последнее десятилетие особую популярность приобретает тема старения (сенесцентности, от англ. senescence) и поиска терапии, направленной на удаление сенесцентных клеток. В поисках новых терапевтических стратегий для лечения онкологических заболеваний стареющим клеткам иммунной системы в микроокружении опухоли уделяется особое внимание. Так как наличие сенесцентных ТАМs в опухоли ассоциировано с неблагоприятным прогнозом и плохим ответом на терапию. Учитывая актуальность изучения роли стареющих иммунных клеток в TME (в частности опухоль-ассоциированных макрофагов), мы провели сравнительный анализ экспериментальных протоколов получения опухоль-ассоциированных макрофагов in vitro, чтобы определить наиболее релевантный подход.</p><p>Мы проверили два протокола получения макрофагов из костного мозга мыши: 1) путем добавления кондиционной среды от клеточной линии саркомы мыши L929 (LCCM) (LCCM-BMDM); 2) путем добавления рекомбинантного M-CSF мыши (M-CSF-BMDM). Нами было показано, что LCCMBMDM по сравнению с M-CSF-BMDM имеют повышенную экспрессию фермента аргиназы (Arg1), способного подавлять активность противоопухолевых цитотоксических лимфоцитов, путем истощения аргинина в микроокружении опухоли. Также LCCM-BMDM демонстрировали повышенную секрецию факторов, характерных для фенотипа, ассоциированного со старением (от англ. senescenceassociated secretory phenotype, SASP) – IL-6 и TNF. Как Arg1, так и IL-6 c TNF являются маркерами, характерными для сенесцентных макрофагов. Таким образом использование LCCM для получения первичной культуры макрофагов ограничивает дальнейшие шаги в создании модели опухоль-ассоциированных макрофагов, которая отражала бы специфичные характеристики фенотипического ответа макрофагов для различных типов опухолей. Мы считаем, что дифференцировка макрофагов в присутствии M-CSF представляется более предпочтительным протоколом для изучения ТАМs и сенесцентных TAMs с последующим тестированием новых терапевтических стратегий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important and most represented population of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. To a great extent, TAMs can determine the direction of the antitumor immune response; they can either additionally stimulate it or on the contrary contribute to the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment. At the same time, under the influence of tumor cells and antitumor therapy, many cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can develop a state of senescence. Over the last decade, the topic of senescence and the search for therapies aimed at removing senescent cells has gained popularity. In the search for new therapeutic strategies to treat cancer, senescent cells of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment have received special attention since the presence of senescent TAMs in tumors is associated with poor prognosis and poor response to therapy. Given the relevance of studying the role of senescent immune cells in TME (in particular tumor-associated macrophages), we performed a comparative analysis of experimental protocols to obtain tumor-associated macrophages in vitro to determine the most relevant approach. We tested two protocols for obtaining macrophages from mouse bone marrow: (1) by adding conditioned medium from the L929 mouse sarcoma cell line (LCCM) (LCCM-BMDM); and (2) by adding recombinant mouse M-CSF (M-CSF-BMDM). We showed that LCCM-BMDMs, compared to M-CSFBMDMs, have increased expression of the arginase enzyme (Arg1), which can inhibit the activity of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes by depleting arginine in the tumor microenvironment. LCCM-BMDMs also exhibited increased secretion of factors characteristic of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP): IL-6 and TNF. Both Arg1 and IL-6 and TNF are markers characteristic of senescence-associated macrophages. Thus, the use of LCCM to obtain primary macrophage culture limits further steps in creating a model of tumor-associated macrophages that reflects the specific characteristics of the macrophage phenotypic response for different tumor types aAnd also limits studies of senescence formation in tumor-associated macrophages in models of carcinogenesis other than sarcoma. We believe that differentiation of macrophages in the presence of M-CSF appears to be a more preferable protocol to study TAMs and senescent TAMs to test new therapeutic strategies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сенесцентные клетки</kwd><kwd>p21cip1</kwd><kwd>микроокружение опухоли</kwd><kwd>TAMs</kwd><kwd>SASP</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>senescent cells</kwd><kwd>p21cip1</kwd><kwd>tumor microenvironment</kwd><kwd>TAMs</kwd><kwd>SASP</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского Научного Фонда (грант РНФ 19-75-30032).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boutilier A.J., Elsawa S.F. Macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. 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