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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-DOT-3007</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-3007</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение Т-клеточного иммунного ответа к коронавирусу SARS-CoV-2, основанного на индукции выработки γ-интерферона специфическими Т-лимфоцитами периферической крови при их стимуляции вирусным антигеном</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of t cell immune response to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus based on induced γ-interferon production by specific T cells upon their stimulation by viral antigen</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черепович</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherepovich</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черепович Богдан Сергеевич - младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики РНК-содержащих вирусов </p><p>115088, Москва, ул. 1-я Дубровская, 15</p><p>Тел.: 8 (495) 674-54-97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogdan S. Cherepovich, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Genetics of RNA-containing Viruses</p><p>15 1st Dubrovskaya St Moscow 115088 </p><p>Phone: +7 (495) 674-54-97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdancherepovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряшова А.М. – научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской биотехнологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kudryashova A.M., Research Associate, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2238250@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-4155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратьева</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratieva</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панкратьева Л.Л. – д.м.н., профессор, руководитель научно-клинического центра</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pankratieva L.L., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Clinical Research Center</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liudmila.pankratyeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-6341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боголюбова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogolyubova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боголюбова А.В. – к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией трансплантационной иммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogolyubova A.V., PhD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apollinariya.bogolyubova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-6151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануйлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manuilov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мануйлов В.А. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории трансляционной медицины</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Manuilov V.A., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Translational Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victormanuilov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-3762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущин В.А. – д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией механизмов популяционной изменчивости патогенных микроорганизмов и референс-центром по коронавирусной инфекции</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gushchin V.A., PhD, MD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Population Variability of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Reference Center for Coronavirus Infection</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.a.gushchin@gamaleya.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-9351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почтовый</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochtovyi</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почтовый А.А. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов популяционной изменчивости патогенных микроорганизмов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pochtovyi A.A., PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Population Variability of Pathogenic Microorganisms</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.pochtovyi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-2945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова О.В. – к.х.н., заведующая лабораторией медицинской биотехнологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Borisova O.V., PhD (Chemistry), Head, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свитич О.А. – д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svitich O.A., PhD, MD (Medicine), Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svitichoa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 67 имени Л.А. Ворохобова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital No. 67</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черепович Б.С., Кудряшова А.М., Панкратьева Л.Л., Боголюбова А.В., Мануйлов В.А., Гущин В.А., Почтовый А.А., Борисова О.В., Свитич О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черепович Б.С., Кудряшова А.М., Панкратьева Л.Л., Боголюбова А.В., Мануйлов В.А., Гущин В.А., Почтовый А.А., Борисова О.В., Свитич О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherepovich B.S., Kudryashova A.M., Pankratieva L.L., Bogolyubova A.V., Manuilov V.A., Gushchin V.A., Pochtovyi A.A., Borisova O.V., Svitich O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3007">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/3007</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данной работы было исследование способности Т-клеток, иммунных к SARS-CoV-2 людей, продуцировать IFNγ, являющийся одним из маркеров Т-клеточного иммунитета, в ответ на стимуляцию пептидным пулом в цельной крови.</p><p>Исследовали образцы цельной крови 80 добровольцев с известным анамнезом, полученные в 2021 году и 258 добровольцев, полученные в сентябре – октябре 2022 года. В данном исследовании использовали 2 метода – 1) твердофазный иммуноферментный анализ для определения антител класса G к RBD SARS-CoV-2; 2) IGRA-тест, для определения IFNγ, вырабатываемого антиген-специфическими лимфоцитами в ответ на их стимуляцию вирусным антигеном.</p><p>Параметры IGRA-теста были оптимизированы на выборке из 80 образцов добровольцев. Было определено пороговое значение уровня IFNγ (4,85 пг/мл), диагностическая специфичность – 100% (80,6-100%); диагностическая чувствительность – 92,19% (83-96,62%), ДИ 95%.</p><p>Затем было проведено исследование выборки из 258 добровольцев, у 28,7% которых по результатам IGRA-теста превышения порогового уровня IFNγ после стимуляции выявлено не было, при этом у всех добровольцев были обнаружены антитела класса G к RBB SARS-CoV-2. Корреляции между уровнем антител и уровнем интерферонового ответа во всей группе выявлено не было. При сравнении уровней антител IgG и амплитуды превышение уровня IFNγ над базовым уровнем у групп выборки, отличающихся временем последней вакцинации медианные значения параметров были незначительно выше для части выборки, прошедшей ревакцинацию за 1-2 месяца до проведения исследования, при этом достоверная разницы между двумя выборками была выявлена только при оценке IFNγ, пг/мл (критерий Манна–Уитни, р = 0,0321).</p><p>По результатам исследования можно предположить, что все пациенты выборки, прошедшие вакцинацию и перенесшие инфекцию COVID-19, имели гуморальный иммунитет, но примерно у трети из них отсутствовал клеточный иммунитет к SARS-CoV-2. Корреляции между уровнем антител и уровнем интерферонового ответа выявлено не было (критерий Спирмена). Показано, что ревакцинация в предшествующие 1-2 месяца способствовала увеличению амплитуды интерферонового ответа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work was to study the capacity of human T cells immune for SARS-CoV-2, to produce IFNγ, a marker of T cell immunity, in response to stimulation by a peptide pool in whole blood. Eighty samples of whole blood were received from the volunteers with known medical history in 2021, and 258 volunteers were examined in September-October 2022. In this study, 2 detection techniques were used, i.e.: (1) solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine antibodies of class G to RBD SARS-CoV-2; (2) IGRA test to determine IFNγ produced by antigen-specific lymphocytes in response to their stimulation by viral antigen. The parameters of the IGRA test were optimized with a sample of 80 specimens from the volunteers. The threshold value of the IFNγ level was determined (4.85 pg/mL), at the diagnostic specificity of 100% (80.6-100), and diagnostic sensitivity of 92.19% (83-96.6%), 95% CI. The study was further continued with a sample of 258 volunteers. Of them, 28.7%, did not exceed the threshold level of IFNγ after stimulation, according to results of the IGRA test. Meanwhile, all volunteers exhibited class G antibodies to RBB SARS-CoV-2. There was no correlation between the levels of antibodies and the level of interferon response in the entire group. When comparing IgG antibody levels and the amplitude of IFNγ (if exceeding the baseline level) in the groups differing in the time of the last vaccination, the median values of the parameters were slightly higher for the subgroup which was revaccinated 1-2 months before the study, while a significant difference between these subgroups was revealed only when evaluating IFNγ, pg/mL (Mann–Whitney criterion, p = 0.0321). According to the results of the study, it can be assumed that all the patients in the sample who were vaccinated and had COVID-19 infection, showed a humoral immune response. However, about a third of them lacked cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2. There was no correlation between the levels of antibodies and the level of interferon response (Spearman’s criterion). Revaccination within previous 1-2 months has been shown to promote the increased amplitude of interferon response.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>твердофазный ИФА</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>IGRA-тест</kwd><kwd>Т-клеточный иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>ELISA test</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>IGRA-test</kwd><kwd>Т cell immunity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 20-15-00395.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 20-15-00395.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bange, E.M.; Han, N.A.; Wileyto, P.; Kim, J.Y.; Gouma, S.; Robinson, J.; Greenplate, A.R.; Hwee, M.A.; Porterfield, F.; Owoyemi, O.; Naik, K.; Zheng, C.; Galantino, M.; Weisman, A.R.; et al. 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