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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-CFO-2952</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2952</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цитометрические особенности клеточного компартмента иммунной системы участников современных боевых конфликтов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cytometric features of cellular immune compartment in participants of current military conflicts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашнин</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashnin</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашнин С.Л. – врач-нейрохирург, заслуженный врач РФ, заведующий отделением нейрохирургии </p><p>454048, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pashnin S.L., Neurosurgeon, Honored Physician of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Neurosurgery </p><p>70 Vorovsky St Chelyabinsk 454048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыдова Е.В. – д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры медицинской реабилитации и спортивной медицины; заведующая отделением ранней медицинской реабилитации </p><p>454048, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Davydova E.V., PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine; Head, Department of Early Medical Rehabilitation </p><p>70 Vorovsky St Chelyabinsk 454048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альтман</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Altman</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альтман Д.Ш. – д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, главный врач </p><p>454048, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Altman D.Sh., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Honored Physician of the Russian Federation, Chief Physician </p><p>70 Vorovsky St Chelyabinsk 454048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зурочка</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zurochka</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зурочка В.А. – д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунопатофизиологии; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунобиотехнологии Российско-Китайского центра </p><p>г. Екатеринбург;г. Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zurochka V.A., PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Russian-Chinese Center</p><p>Yekaterinburg; Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлев</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravlev</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавлев И.Ю. – врач-нейрохирург отделения нейрохирургии </p><p>454048, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhuravlev I.Yu., Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery </p><p>70 Vorovsky St Chelyabinsk 454048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жакупова</surname><given-names>Я. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhakupova</surname><given-names>Ya. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жакупова Я.Т. – к.психол.н., доцент, доцент кафедры психологии; клинический психолог </p><p>г. Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhakupova Ya.T., PhD (Psychology), Associate Professor, Department of Psychology; Clinical Psychologist </p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Челябинская областная клиническая больница»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Челябинская областная клиническая больница»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital; South Ural State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
South Ural State University (National Research University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ;&#13;
ГБУЗ «Челябинский клинический терапевтический госпиталь для ветеранов войн»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">South Ural State Medical University;&#13;
Chelyabinsk Clinical Therapeutic Hospital for War Veterans<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1087</fpage><lpage>1098</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пашнин С.Л., Давыдова Е.В., Альтман Д.Ш., Зурочка В.А., Журавлев И.Ю., Жакупова Я.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пашнин С.Л., Давыдова Е.В., Альтман Д.Ш., Зурочка В.А., Журавлев И.Ю., Жакупова Я.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pashnin S.L., Davydova E.V., Altman D.S., Zurochka V.A., Zhuravlev I.Y., Zhakupova Y.T.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2952">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2952</self-uri><abstract><p>Пребывание в зоне боевых действий сопряжено с высоким риском развития психических нарушений. Накоплен значительный объем знаний о механизмах иммуноопосредованных реакций при развитии нейропсихической патологии, в частности посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР). Важная роль в развитии нейровоспаления при стрессе отводится активированным Т-регуляторным клеткам. Цель исследования – изучение показателей системы крови, цитометрических особенностей клеточного компартмента иммунной системы у участников современных военных конфликтов с наличием расстройств адаптации, ассоциированных со стрессом. Обследованы 97 ветеранов – участников современных военных конфликтов, мужского пола от 35 до 55 лет, из них 35 – ветераны специальной военной операции на Украине (СВО) – основная группа, 42 ветерана второй Чеченской военной кампании (группа сравнения), 20 человек – здоровые военнослужащие (контрольная группа). Всем проводилось патопсихологическое обследование в соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями. У 12% ветеранов СВО диагностирован ПТСР, 77% имели различные варианты невротических расстройств, связанных со стрессом и соматоформными расстройствами. В группе сравнения 2% комбатантов имели диагноз «хроническое изменение личности». Общий анализ крови проводили стандартизированным методом на гематологическом анализаторе. Иммунофенотипирование лимфоцитов с использованием проточного цитофлюориметра Navios (Beckman Coulter, США). В группе ветеранов СВО отмечены снижение степени разброса эритроцитов по объему, показателя гетерогенности и среднего объема тромбоцитов, лимфопения, моноцитоз, что отражает разнонаправленное действие регуляторов гемопоэтических клеток на отдельные линии дифференцировки мононуклеаров. Цитометрический анализ состава лимфоцитов показал снижение Т-хелперов и зрелых NK-клеток в группе ветеранов СВО, что объясняет наличие лимфопении и может свидетельствовать о дефиците адаптивного и врожденного компартментов иммунной защиты в условиях пролонгированной реакции на стресс. Установлено повышение численности ТNK и Т-регуляторных лимфоцитов, препятствующих возможности перехода иммунного ответа в аутоиммунную реакцию. При стрессе транскрипционный фактор FoxP3 участвует в повышающей регуляции индуцируемого глюкокортикоидами рецептора TNF в линии Т-регуляторных клеток, потенцируя пролиферативную активность последних. Показано снижение числа Т-хелперов и Т-регуляторных клеток с маркерами ранней и поздней позитивной активации, ограничивая развитие как аутоиммунных реакций, так и развитие стресс-индуцированного нейровоспаления. Между контрольной группой и показателями группы сравнения практически отсутствовали различия, что свидетельствует о нивелировании с течением времени остроты стресс-индуцированных нейроиммунных реакций. Индуцированное стресс-медиаторами кроветворение и опосредованное нейроиммунными влияниями изменение количественного спектра субпопуляций лимфоцитов является следствием сложного многоуровневого нейропсиходинамического процесса ЦНС, ассоциированного с клиническими формами расстройств адаптации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Staying in a combat area is associated with a high risk of developing mental disorders. A significant knowledge has been accumulated concerning the mechanisms of immune-mediated mechanisms of neuropsychiatric pathologies, in particular, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Activated T regulatory cells play an important role in the development of neuroinflammation under stress conditions. Our purpose was to study the indices of blood system and cytometric features of immune cellular populations in the participants of current military conflicts in presence of stress-associated adaptation disorders. We examined 97 male veterans involved in modern military conflicts, 35 to 55 years old. The main group 35 included veterans of a special military operation in Ukraine (SVO), along with 42 veterans of the second Chechen military campaign (comparison group). Control group consisted of 20 healthy persons from military staff. All patients underwent pathopsychological examination in accordance with clinical recommendations. PTSD was diagnosed in 12% of SVO veterans, whereas 77% had various types of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. In the comparison group, 2% of combatants were diagnosed with chronic personality changes. A complete blood count was performed using a standardized technique with a hematological analyzer. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed by a Navios flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). In the group of SVO veterans, we have noted a decrease in RBC volume dispersion, reduced heterogeneity index and the average volume of platelets, as well as lymphopenia and monocytosis, thus reflecting the multidirectional effect of hematopoietic regulation factors on distinct differentiation lineages of mononuclear cells. Cytometric analysis of lymphocyte populations showed a decrease in T helper cells and mature NK cells in the group of SVO veterans which explains the presence of lymphopenia and may indicate a deficiency of adaptive and innate immune response upon prolonged response to stress. We have revealed an increased number of T NK and T regulatory lymphocytes which are suggested to prevent the development of autoimmune disorders. Under stress conditions, the FoxP3 transcription factor may upregulate the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor in the T regulatory cells thus potentiating their proliferative activity. We have also shown a decreased number of T helpers and T regulatory cells expressing markers of early and late positive activation, limiting the development of both autoimmune reactions and the development of stress-induced neuroinflammation. No significant differences were found between the indices control group and comparison group, thus indicating that the severity of stress-induced neuroimmune reactions leveled out over time. Hematopoiesis induction by stress mediators and indirect neuroimmune-mediated changes in the quantitative profile of lymphocyte subpopulations seem to be a consequence of a complex multi-level neuropsychodynamic process of the central nervous system associated with clinical forms of adaptation disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>военный стресс</kwd><kwd>гематологические индексы</kwd><kwd>субпопуляционный профиль лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>нарушения адаптации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combat stress</kwd><kwd>hematological indices</kwd><kwd>lymphocyte subpopulation profile</kwd><kwd>adaptation disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева А.В., Караваева Т.А., Лукошкина Е.П. Диагностика и терапия посттравматического стрессового расстройства в клинике пограничных расстройств и соматической медицине. 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