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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-PTD-2942</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2942</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка технологии очистки, биохимическая и иммунологическая характеристика рекомбинантного химерного антигена для оценки Т-клеточного иммунитета против коронавирусной инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Purification technology design, biochemical and immunological characteristics of the recombinant chimeric antigen for evaluation of T cell immunity against coronavirus infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копать</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopat</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копать В.В. – директор по развитию</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kopat V.V., Development Director</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-0753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябченкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Riabchenkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябченкова А.А. – научный сотрудник</p><p>199178, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Малый пр. В.О., 57, корп. 4, лит. Ж, пом. 5-Н, офис 1.2.5</p><p>Тел.: 8 (981) 160-63-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Riabchenkova A.A., Research Associate</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">riabchenkova@service-gene.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чирак</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirak</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чирак Е.Л. – научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chirak E.L., Research Associate</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чирак</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirak</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чирак Е.Р. – научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chirak E.R., Research Associate</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саенко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саенко А.И. – главный технолог</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saenko A.I., Chief Process Engineer</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцев И.В. – к.б.н., заведующий лабораторией клеточной иммунологии отдела иммунологии; доцент кафедры иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kudryavtsev I.V., PhD (Biology), Head, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology; Associate Professor, Department of Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трулёв</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trulioff</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трулев А.С. – к.б.н., научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trulioff A.S., PhD (Biology), Research Associate, Department of Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савин</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savin</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савин Т.В. – иммунолог; научный сотрудник кафедры иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Savin T.V., Immunologist; Research Associate, Department of Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуева Е.В. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zueva E.V., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симбирцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simbirtsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симбирцев А.С. – д.м.н., член-корр. РАН, профессор; профессор кафедры иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Simbirtsev A.S., PhD, MD (Medicine), Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor; Professor, Department of Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тотолян Арег А. – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Totolian Areg A., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Director; Head, Department of Immunology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Духовлинов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dukhovlinov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Духовлинов И.В. – к.б.н., директор по науке</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dukhovlinov I.V., PhD (Biology), Director of Research</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «АТГ Сервис Ген»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ATG Service Gene LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute; First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>591</fpage><lpage>606</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копать В.В., Рябченкова А.А., Чирак Е.Л., Чирак Е.Р., Саенко А.И., Кудрявцев И.В., Трулёв А.С., Савин Т.В., Зуева Е.В., Симбирцев А.С., Тотолян А.А., Духовлинов И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копать В.В., Рябченкова А.А., Чирак Е.Л., Чирак Е.Р., Саенко А.И., Кудрявцев И.В., Трулёв А.С., Савин Т.В., Зуева Е.В., Симбирцев А.С., Тотолян А.А., Духовлинов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopat V.V., Riabchenkova A.A., Chirak E.L., Chirak E.R., Saenko A.I., Kudryavtsev I.V., Trulioff A.S., Savin T.V., Zueva E.V., Simbirtsev A.S., Totolyan A.A., Dukhovlinov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2942">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2942</self-uri><abstract><p>Диагностика специфического Т-клеточного иммунитета к антигенным детерминантам SARS-CoV-2 у пациентов представляется все более важной задачей ввиду накопления данных о роли Т-клеточного иммунного ответа в протекании коронавирусной инфекции и клиренсе SARS-CoV-2 в случае вторичной инфекции. Ранее нами был разработан рекомбинантный антиген CorD_PS для оценки Т-клеточного противовирусного иммунитета, содержащий консервативные и иммуногенные последовательности структурных белков коронавируса SARS-CoV-2. Был получен его штаммпродуцент E. coli CorD_PS со стабильной экспрессией рекомбинантного антигена CorD_PS. Целью настоящей работы является разработка лабораторной технологии получения рекомбинантного антигена CorD_PS, проведение контроля качества полученного химерного белка и изучение его иммунологической активности. Отработку условий культивирования клеток E. coli CorD_PS проводили в конических колбах в среде LB-M_Km при 37 °C, затем масштабировали в ферментере объемом 30 л. Экспрессию индуцировали добавлением ИПТГ. Контроль экспрессии осуществляли в лизатах культур в 12% ПААГ в денатурирующих условиях. Полученную биомассу лизировали с помощью ультразвукового дезинтегратора с последующим центрифугированием. Были подобраны составы лизирующего и солюбилизирующего буферов, а также условия рефолдинга рекомбинантного белка. Для очистки растворенного белка использовали последовательно катионобменную (SP-сефароза), гидрофобную (Butyl-сефароза) и эксклюзионную (Sephacryl S-200 HR) хроматографии. Белковые примеси в препарате определяли методами обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ и электрофореза в 12% ПААГ, остаточные липополисахариды определяли с помощью гель-тромб варианта ЛАЛ-теста, остаточные белки штамма-продуцента – методом иммуноферментного анализа, остаточную ДНК штамма-продуцента – методом связывания с красителем PicoGreen. Контроль специфичности осуществляли методом непрямого иммуноферментного анализа. Оценку продукции цитокинов CD4+Т-лимфоцитами в ответ на их стимуляцию рекомбинантным антигеном ex vivo проводили на проточном цитофлуориметре. Выход биомассы при культивировании E. coli CorD_PS в 30 л ферментере составил до 20 г/л за 4 часа индукции 0,1 мМ ИПТГ. Последовательная отмывка телец включения от бактериальных клеточных компонентов и их последующая солюбилизация в буфере, содержащем 8 М мочевину, позволил получить раствор денатурированного антигена с концентрацией 10 мг/мл. Эффективность рефолдинга разведением составила 75%. После трех этапов хроматографической очистки были получены образцы белка с концентрацией 1,2-1,4 мг/мл, чистотой по ВЭЖХ 98,43%, соответствующие ключевым параметрам качества согласно ОФС.1.7.1.0007.15. Рекомбинантный антиген показал специфическое связывание с образцом Первого международного стандарта ВОЗ и образца СОП № 3 анти-SARS-CoV-2 иммуноглобулинов человека в установленном диапазоне концентраций. CD4+Т-лимфоциты эффективно отвечали на обработку рекомбинантным антигеном увеличением продукции IFNγ. Оптимальная концентрация рекомбинантного коронавирусного антигена составила 5 мкг/мл. Разработанный технологический процесс позволяет получать 5-7 грамм антигена коронавирусного рекомбинантного CorD_PS за один цикл культивирования в 30 л ферментационной среды с ключевыми параметрами качества согласно ОФС.1.7.1.0007.15. В результате исследований специфической иммунологической активности рекомбинантного коронавирусного антигена CorD_PS была подтверждена концепция возможности его использования в качестве диагностикума для определения формирования Т-клеточного иммунного ответа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diagnosis of specific T cell immunity to the antigenic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 in patients seems to be an increasingly important task due to accumulation of data about the role of T cell immune response in course of coronavirus infection and clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in case of secondary infection. Previously, we designed the recombinant CorD_PS antigen for evaluation of T cell antiviral immunity, containing conservative and immunogenic sequences of structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. E. coli CorD_PS producing strain with stable expression of the recombinant CorD_PS antigen was obtained. Aim of the present work is to design a laboratory technology for the production of recombinant antigen CorD_PS, to control the quality of the obtained chimeric protein and to study its immunological activity. Development of the cultivation conditions for E. coli CorD_PS cells was carried out in conical flasks in LB-M_Km medium at 37 °C, then scaled in a fermenter with a volume of 30 liters. Expression was induced by the addition of IPTG. Expression was controlled in culture lysates in 12% SDS-PAGE. The resulting biomass was lysed using an ultrasonic disintegrator with followed by centrifugation. The compositions of lysing and solubilizing buffers were selected, as well as conditions for refolding of the recombinant protein. Cation exchange (SP-sepharose), hydrophobic (Butylsepharose) and exclusive (Sephacryl S-200 HR) chromatography were used sequentially to purify the dissolved protein. Protein impurities in the preparation were determined by reverse-phase HPLC and electrophoresis in 12% SDS-PAGE, residual lipopolysaccharides were determined using a gel-thrombin variant of the LAL test, residual proteins of the producer strain were determined by enzyme immunoassay, residual DNA of the producer strain was determined by binding with PicoGreen dye. Specificity was controlled by indirect enzyme immunoassay. The evaluation of cytokine production by CD4+T lymphocytes in response to their stimulation by recombinant antigen ex vivo was performed on a flow cytofluorimeter. The biomass yield during cultivation of E. coli CorD_PS in a 30L fermenter was up to 20 g/L for 4 hours of 0.1 mM IPTG induction. Sequential washing of inclusion bodies from bacterial cellular components and their subsequent solubilization in a buffer containing 8 M urea allowed to obtain a solution of denatured antigen with a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The efficiency of refolding by dilution was 75%. After three stages of chromatographic purification, protein samples with a concentration of 1.2-1.4 mg/mL, HPLC purity of 98.43%, corresponding to key quality parameters according to the OFS.1.7.1.0007.15, were obtained. The recombinant antigen showed specific binding to a sample of the First WHO International Standard and sample Company Reference Standard No. 3 of anti- SARS-CoV-2 human immunoglobulins in a specified concentration range. CD4+T lymphocytes effectively responded to recombinant antigen treatment by increasing IFNγ production. The optimal concentration of recombinant coronavirus antigen was 5 μg/mL. The developed technological process makes it possible to obtain 5-7 grams of coronavirus recombinant CorD_PS antigen in one cultivation cycle in 30 liters of fermentation medium with key quality parameters according to the OFS.1.7.1.0007.15. As a result of specific immunological activity studies of the recombinant coronavirus antigen CorD_PS, the concept of its possible use as a diagnostic tool for determining the formation of a T cell immune response was confirmed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>коронавирусный антиген Cord_PS</kwd><kwd>хроматография</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd><kwd>CD4+Т-клетки</kwd><kwd>CD8+Т-клетки</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>Т-клеточный иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>диагностикум</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>coronavirus antigen Cord_PS</kwd><kwd>chromatography</kwd><kwd>enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</kwd><kwd>CD4+T cells</kwd><kwd>CD8+T cells</kwd><kwd>IFNγ</kwd><kwd>T cell immune response</kwd><kwd>diagnosticum</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копать В.В., Рябченкова А.А., Чирак Е.Л., Чирак Е.Р., Саенко А.И., Колмаков Н.Н., Симбирцев А.С., Духовлинов И.В., Тотолян А.А. 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