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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mimmun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская иммунология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Immunology (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1563-0625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-741X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/1563-0625-NSF-2938</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mimmun-2938</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые стратегии иммунотерапии солидных опухолей на основе NK-клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New strategies for solid tumor immunotherapy based on NK cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьева И.Г. – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела по разработке и исследованиям в области иммунологии компании </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vorobyova I.G., PhD (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Department for Development and Research in the Field of Immunology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iva1647@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абакушина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abakushina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абакушина Е.В. – д.м.н., руководитель отдела по разработке и исследованиям в области иммунологии компании, заместитель генерального директора; заведующая лабораторией иммунологии и аутоиммунных заболеваний отдела молекулярной онкологии и иммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abakushina E.V., PhD, MD (Medicine), Head, Department for Development and Research in the Field of Immunology, Deputy General Director; Head, Laboratory of Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Текон МП»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “Tecon MP”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Текон МП»;&#13;
ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “Tecon MP”;&#13;
National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1163</fpage><lpage>1176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воробьева И.Г., Абакушина Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воробьева И.Г., Абакушина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorobyova I.G., Abakushina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2938">https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2938</self-uri><abstract><p>Одна из основных сложностей терапии солидных опухолей связана с разнообразием и быстрой адаптацией механизмов иммуносупрессии, проявляемых клетками иммунитета, перепрограммированных опухолью. Ассоциированные с опухолью макрофаги (ТАМ), нейтрофилы, инфильтрирующие опухоль лимфоциты, теряют способность защищать здоровые ткани и перестают уничтожать злокачественные клетки, активируя арсенал средств для блокады иммунонадзора и терапевтических воздействий. Привлеченные хемокинами и перепрограммированные опухолью клетки иммунитета снабжают злокачественные клетки недостающими питательными веществами (например, производя аргиназу), поддерживают выживание новых «рекрутов» при низком рН (ацидозе) вокруг малигнезированных тканей, производят повышенное количество ангиогенных факторов, способствуя усилению кровоснабжения опухоли. Продуктивное воспаление – как один из главных типов иммунного ответа, уничтожающий опухолевые патогены при прогрессировании опухолевого процесса, переходит в хроническое воспаление, что вызывает иммуносупрессию. Восстановление воспалительных иммунных реакций после резекции опухоли, химиотерапии, радиотерапии необходимо для достижения ремиссии без рецидива или как минимум увеличения времени до следующего эпизода возникновения признаков прогрессирования болезни. NK-клеточный трансплантат имеет ряд преимуществ перед Т-лимфоцитами, для восстановления продуктивного воспаления, однако и он требует дополнительных терапевтических воздействий, так как разнообразные механизмы иммуноускользания блокируют противоопухолевый иммунитет. Для выраженного терапевтического эффекта важно соотношение между активностью и количеством NK-клеток, поддерживающих их терапевтических средств, и агрессивностью и распространением самой опухоли. Одно из разрабатываемых направлений, поддерживающих NK-клетки – это создание «усилителей» (NKCE) – инженерных белков, и делающих клеточную терапию более селективной и адресной. NKCE может активировать целевую миграцию NK-клеток одновременно блокируя ингибирующие лиганды. Блокада ингибирующих сигналов для борьбы с метастатическими опухолями изучается в настоящее время для рецепторов KIR, NKG2A, TIGIT, TIM-3, EGFR, PD1 и PDL1, лигандов NKG2D, что описано в ряде исследований. Повышение специфичности терапии также достигается за счет использования антител нового поколения – наноантител, направленной блокировки экзосом злокачественного происхождения (TDE), а также доменов некоторых белков, усиливающих целевую миграцию NK-клеток, и терапевтических наночастиц.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A major issue in treatment of solid malignancies is associated with multiplicity and rapid adaptation of immunosuppressive effects exerted by immune cells reprogrammed by the tumor. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), neutrophils, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes lose their ability to protect healthy tissues and to destroy malignant cells by activating a number of tools causing blockage of immune surveillance and reduction of therapeutic effects. Immune cells attracted by chemokines and reprogrammed by the tumor supply the malignant cells with missing nutrients (e.g., by producing arginase), support the survival of de novo recruited cells at low pH (acidosis) around malignant tissues, produce increased amounts of angiogenic factors thus contributing to increased blood supply to the tumor. Productive inflammation, being among the main types of immune response, destroys tumor pathogens and moves into chronic inflammation with progression of the tumor, thus causing immune suppression. Restoration of inflammatory immune reactions after tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is necessary to achieve remission without relapse or, at least, increases the time period until next episode of the disease progression. Transplantation of NK cells has a number of advantages over T lymphocytes in order of restored productive inflammation. However, it also requires additional therapeutic impacts, since various mechanisms of tumor immune escape block anti-tumor immunity. To achieve a pronounced therapeutic effect, the optimal ratio is important between the activity and number of NK cells, supporting therapeutic agents, with regard of aggressiveness and spread of malignant tumor. Among the developing areas of NK cells support, one may consider the NK cell “enhancers” (NKCE), engineered proteins that make cell therapy more selective and targeted. NKCE may activate the targeted migration of NK cells, along with blockage of inhibitory ligands. Currently, the blockage of inhibitory signals is studied in order to control metastatic tumors via KIR, NKG2A, TIGIT, TIM-3, EGFR, PD1 receptors, PDL1 and NKG2D ligand, as reported in a number of clinical and preclinical trials. The increased specificity of therapy is also achieved by usage of new-generation antibodies – nanoantibodies, aimed for targeted blocking of tumor-derived exosomes (TDE), as well as protein domains that enhance targeted migration of NK cells and therapeutic nanoparticles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>белок-усилитель NK-клеток</kwd><kwd>мультиспецифические антитела</kwd><kwd>наноантитела</kwd><kwd>целевая миграция</kwd><kwd>ингибирование контрольных точек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>NK enhancer protein</kwd><kwd>multispecific antibody</kwd><kwd>nanoantibody</kwd><kwd>targeted migration</kwd><kwd>control point inhibition</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена на основании результатов, полученных в ходе реализации Соглашения о предоставлении гранта в форме субсидий из федерального бюджета на осуществление государственной поддержки создания и развития научных центров мирового уровня, выполняющих исследования и разработки по приоритетам научно – технологического развития от 20 апреля 2022 года № 075-15- 2022-310.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">André P., Denis C., Soulas C., Bourbon-Caillet C., Lopez J., Arnoux T., Bléry M., Bonnafous C., Gauthier L., Morel A., Rossi B., Remark R., Breso V., Bonnet E., Habif G., Guia S., Lalanne A.I., Hoffmann C., Lantz O., Fayette J., Boyer-Chammard A., Zerbib R., Dodion P., Ghadially H., Jure-Kunkel M., Morel Y., Herbst R., Narni-Mancinelli E., Cohen R.B., Vivier E. 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